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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2021Indiscriminate use of insecticides is a major concern due to its ubiquitous occurrence and potential toxicity to aquatic animals. This study investigated the adverse...
Indiscriminate use of insecticides is a major concern due to its ubiquitous occurrence and potential toxicity to aquatic animals. This study investigated the adverse effects of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT; CHClFNO) and methomyl (MTM; CHNOS) on immune system modulations and growth performance of juvenile fishes. The supportive role of a taurine (TUR; CHNOS)-supplemented diet was also evaluated. Juvenile fishes were exposed to LCT (0.079 µg/L), MTM (20.39 µg/L), or both in water and were fed on a basal diet only or taurine-supplemented basal diet. Exposure to LCT and MTM retarded growth and increased mortality rate. LCT and MTM reduced antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and innate and humoral immunity but upregulated interleukin and chemokine expressions. Moreover, exposure to LCT and MTM elevated 8-OHdG levels and increased the mortality of after the experimental bacterial challenge. The TUR-enriched diet enhanced antioxidant enzymes and acted as a growth promoter and anti-inflammatory agent. TUR can modify innate and adaptive immune responses. Furthermore, TUR supplementation is a beneficial additive candidate for mitigating LCT and MTM toxicities mixed with aquafeed.
PubMed: 34062969
DOI: 10.3390/ani11051318 -
ACS Omega Jul 2023Non-fibrous materials (NFMs) are typically discarded during pineapple leaf fiber processing. The underutilized NFM waste was proposed for use in this work as a raw...
Non-fibrous materials (NFMs) are typically discarded during pineapple leaf fiber processing. The underutilized NFM waste was proposed for use in this work as a raw material for the production of biochar . The removal of pesticides (acetamiprid, imidacloprid, or methomyl) from water was then investigated using the NFM derived biochar (NFMBC). The pseudo-second-order kinetic data suggested chemisorption of pesticide on NFMBC. While acetamiprid or imidacloprid adsorption on NFMBC occurred primarily multi-layered adsorption (best fitted with the Freundlich isotherms), the Sips adsorption isotherms matched with the experimental data, implying heterogeneous adsorption of methomyl on the biochar surface. The adsorption capacities for acetamiprid, methomyl, and imidacloprid are 82.18, 36.16, and 28.98 mg g, respectively, which are in agreement with the order of the polarity (low to high) of pesticides. Adsorption capacities indicated that the NFMBC preferably removed low-polarity pesticides from water sources. Since pineapple leaves provide fibers and NFMs for materials development, this study should promote an extended agro-waste utilization approach and full-cycle resource management in pineapple fields.
PubMed: 37521671
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02328 -
Analytical Methods : Advancing Methods... Jan 2015QuEChERS has been widely utilized for the analysis of pesticides in produce, but it has not been as widely used in clinical test specimens, especially for smaller,...
QuEChERS has been widely utilized for the analysis of pesticides in produce, but it has not been as widely used in clinical test specimens, especially for smaller, sub-gram sample sizes. This study describes the application of a miniaturized QuEChERS methodology toward the analysis of two insecticides, methomyl and aldicarb, in guinea pig blood and brain tissue. Matrix effects and absolute recoveries were investigated for both analytes in the two matrices. While the matrix effects of methomyl in both matrices were minimal at most levels (i.e., from -20% to 20%), aldicarb experienced signal suppression under the described conditions (mean of -47%). However, the matrix effects were not cause for concern due to the sensitivity of the method and the use of matrix-matched standards. The precision and accuracy of the method were excellent over a range of concentrations that spanned three orders of magnitude. The limits of detection (LOD) for both carbamates were determined to be 0.1 ng mL in blood and 0.2 ng g in brain. Other validation parameters, such as linearity, accuracy, precision, and recovery, were also satisfactory in the blood and brain tissue. This method was demonstrated to be sensitive and reproducible, and it should be applicable to the analysis of a wide range of compounds of interest in sub-gram- and sub-milliliter-sized clinical and toxicology specimens.
PubMed: 25580162
DOI: 10.1039/C4AY02137A -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Dec 2020Methomyl {bis[1-methylthioacetaldehyde--(-methylcarbamoyl)oximino]sulfide} is a highly toxic oxime carbamate insecticide. Several methomyl-degrading microorganisms have...
Methomyl {bis[1-methylthioacetaldehyde--(-methylcarbamoyl)oximino]sulfide} is a highly toxic oxime carbamate insecticide. Several methomyl-degrading microorganisms have been reported so far, but the role of specific enzymes and genes in this process is still unexplored. In this study, a protein annotated as a carbamate C-N hydrolase was identified in the methomyl-degrading strain MDW-2, and the encoding gene was termed A comparative analysis between the mass fingerprints of AmeH and deduced proteins of the strain MDW-2 genome revealed AmeH to be a key enzyme of the detoxification step of methomyl degradation. The results also demonstrated that AmeH was a functional homodimer with a subunit molecular mass of approximately 34 kDa and shared the highest identity (27%) with the putative formamidase from ATCC 24843. AmeH displayed maximal enzymatic activity at 50°C and pH 8.5. and of AmeH for methomyl were 87.5 μM and 345.2 s, respectively, and catalytic efficiency (/ ) was 3.9 μM s Phylogenetic analysis revealed AmeH to be a member of the FmdA_AmdA superfamily. Additionally, five key amino acid residues (162, 164, 191, 193, and 207) of AmeH were identified by amino acid variations. Based on the structural characteristic, carbamate insecticides can be classified into oxime carbamates (methomyl, aldicarb, oxamyl, etc.) and -methyl carbamates (carbaryl, carbofuran, isoprocarb, etc.). So far, research on the degradation of carbamate pesticides has mainly focused on the detoxification step and hydrolysis of their carbamate bond. Several genes, such as , , , and , and their encoding enzymes have also been reported to be involved in the detoxification step. However, none of these enzymes can hydrolyze methomyl. In this study, a carbamate C-N hydrolase gene, , responsible for the detoxification step of methomyl in strain MDW-2 was cloned and the key amino acid sites of AmeH were investigated. These findings provide insight into the microbial degradation mechanism of methomyl.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Hydrolases; Inactivation, Metabolic; Methomyl; Phyllobacteriaceae; Sequence Analysis, Protein
PubMed: 33097501
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02005-20 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022The present experiment investigated the potential protective role of parsley () seed meal (PSM) in alleviating methomyl (MET)-adverse impacts on growth, whole-body...
The present experiment investigated the potential protective role of parsley () seed meal (PSM) in alleviating methomyl (MET)-adverse impacts on growth, whole-body composition, hematological indicators, hepatorenal function, immune response, oxidative status, and disease resistance to . For this purpose, 225 healthy Nile tilapia () were allotted into five groups (45 fish/group in triplicate). One group was reared in clean water and fed a non-supplemented basal diet, while the other groups were exposed to 20.39 μg L MET and fed a non-fortified basal diet or basal diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% of PSM for 60 days. The obtained data revealed significantly lower weight gain, feed intake, and specific growth rate, but higher feed conversion ratio and decreases in crude protein, lipid, and ash contents in the MET-exposed fish. Anemia, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia, and esonipenia were also obvious. Furthermore, MET-exposed fish had significantly higher serum levels of hepatic enzymes and renal damage products. Nevertheless, there was a significant depletion of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and increased malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in MET-exposed fish. The MET exposure significantly depressed lysozyme activity, nitric oxide, complement3, acetylcholinesterase activity, total proteins, globulin, and albumin levels in serum. Furthermore, pathological alterations in the liver and kidney were noted. The relative percentage of survival rate in MET-exposed fish was dramatically reduced on day 14 post-challenge with . The inclusion of PSM, on the other hand, greatly alleviated most of the MET-related negative effects. Taken together, the dietary intervention with PSM has a promising role in alleviating MET-deleterious impacts, rendering parsley seeds a viable aqua feed additive for .
PubMed: 35740080
DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061185 -
Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Jun 2021To investigate the effects of maternal exposure to 13 chemicals mixture (CM) during pregnancy on pregnancy outcome and health status of maternal/offspring mice. C57BL/6...
To investigate the effects of maternal exposure to 13 chemicals mixture (CM) during pregnancy on pregnancy outcome and health status of maternal/offspring mice. C57BL/6 pregnant mice were given drinking water containing carbaryl dimethoate glyphosate methomyl methyl parathion triadimefon aspartame sodium benzoate calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetate ethylparaben butylparaben bisphenol A and acacia gum The effects of CM exposure on pregnancy outcome, health status of dams/offspring, levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines in dams/offspring and emotional related behaviors of offspring were evaluated. CM exposure during pregnancy had no significant effect on pregnancy outcome, liver function, body weight of the dams in late pregnancy and uterine/ovarian weight after delivery, however, it led to an increase in maternal serum IFN-γ level (<0.05). CM exposure during pregnancy had no significant effect on the liver function of offspring, but increased the serum IFN-γ, prefrontal cortex IFN-γ, and TNF-α and hippocampus IFN-γ levels in the offspring(all <0.01). In addition, the offspring of CM group showed significant abnormal emotion-related (autism-like) behaviors in adulthood, especially in male offspring. Low dose CM exposure during pregnancy may induce inflammation status in dams/offspring, and lead to autism-like behaviors in offspring, indicating the potential effects of low dose CM exposure on human maternal and infant health.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Autistic Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Maternal Exposure; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Phenotype; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
PubMed: 34402257
DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2021-0182 -
IScience Jan 2022Abuse of chemical fertilizers and insecticides has created many environmental and human health hazards. We hypothesized that high nitrogen (N) in crops changes insect...
Abuse of chemical fertilizers and insecticides has created many environmental and human health hazards. We hypothesized that high nitrogen (N) in crops changes insect gut microbiota leading to enhanced insecticide tolerance. We investigated the effect of high N in maize on gut microbiota and insecticide tolerance of the polyphagous pest . Bioassays showed that high N applied in both maize plants and artificial diets significantly enhanced larval growth but reduced larval sensitivity to the insecticide methomyl. High N promoted the gut bacterial abundance in the genus . Inoculation with two strains ( and ) isolated from the larval guts increased larval tolerance to methomyl. Incorporation of antibiotics in a high-N diet increased the larval sensitivity to methomyl. These findings suggest that excessive application of N fertilizer to crops can increase insecticide tolerance of insect pests via changing gut microbiota, leading to increased use of insecticides worldwide.
PubMed: 35072013
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103726 -
The Science of the Total Environment Sep 2015Understanding the role of biomacromolecules and their interactions with pollutants is a key for elucidating the sorption mechanisms and making an accurate assessment of...
Understanding the role of biomacromolecules and their interactions with pollutants is a key for elucidating the sorption mechanisms and making an accurate assessment of the environmental fate of pollutants. The knowledge of the sorption properties of the different constituents of these biomacromolecules may furnish a significant contribution to this purpose. Suberin is a very abundant biopolymer in higher plants. In this study, suberin monomers isolated from cork were analyzed by thermally-assisted methylation with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) in a pyrolysis unit coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The isolated monomer mixture was used to study the sorption of three pesticides (isoproturon, methomyl and oxamyl). The modes of pesticide-sorbent interactions were analyzed by means of two modeling calculations, the first one representing only the mixture of suberin monomers used in the sorption study, and the second one including glycerol to the mixture of suberin monomers, as a building block of the suberin molecule. The results indicated that the highest sorption capacity exhibited by the sorbent was for isoproturon (33%) being methomyl and oxamyl sorbed by the main suberin components to a lesser extent (3% and<1%, respectively). In addition to van der Waals interactions with the apolar region of sorbent and isoproturon, modeling calculations evidenced the formation of a hydrogen bond between the isoproturon NH group and a carboxylic oxygen atom of a suberin monomer. In the case of methomyl and oxamyl only weak van der Waals interactions stabilize the pesticide-sorbent adducts. The presence of glycerol in the model provoked significant changes in the interactions with isoproturon and methomyl.
Topics: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Lipids; Models, Chemical; Pesticides
PubMed: 25965034
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.118 -
International Journal of Food Science 2023To assess the contamination of processed chilli pepper and tomatoes, a report over the past four decades since the establishment of the Rapid Alert System for Food and...
To assess the contamination of processed chilli pepper and tomatoes, a report over the past four decades since the establishment of the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) was retrieved and analysed. Out of the 887 notification reports assessed for eligibility, 446 were found regarding chilli pepper and tomato contamination. This study identified India as the country of origin with the highest number of reported cases relating to chilli pepper contamination. Italy and Türkiye were the countries with the highest number of reported cases regarding the exportation of adulterated tomatoes to other countries according to the RASFF report. Unauthorized dyes such as Sudan I, III, IV, orange II, rhodamine B, and para red were reported to have been detected in either chilli pepper or tomato in the supply chain. Almost all unauthorized dyes in this study were found to be more than the range (0.5 to 1 mg/kg) of the detection limit of Sudan dye and other related dyes using analytical methods set by the European Union. Unapproved pesticides by the European Union (EU) found in this study were acetamiprid, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, methomyl, monocrotophos, omethoate, oxamyl, and thiophanate methyl. The present study indicates the persistence of chilli pepper and tomato contamination with harmful dyes and pesticide residues despite the ban on the use of certain chemicals in the food chain.
PubMed: 36684413
DOI: 10.1155/2023/5337150 -
Toxics Oct 2021In recent years, the official authorities in Chile have reported transgressions in the maximum residue levels of pesticides in fresh vegetables. There is no official...
In recent years, the official authorities in Chile have reported transgressions in the maximum residue levels of pesticides in fresh vegetables. There is no official information about traceability, pesticide levels, and potential health risks. The aim of this study was to analyse pesticide residues and their corresponding dietary risk assessments in tomatoes from supermarkets in the Metropolitan Region. Pesticides were extracted using the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe, QuEChERS method, and their concentrations were determined by using chromatography with HPLC-FL/UV and GC-MS/ECD/NPD, following the Analytical Quality Control and Method Validation Procedures for Pesticides Residues Analysis in Food and Feed, SANTE guide and ISO 17025:2017 standard. In addition, a dietary risk assessment was carried out by comparing Chilean data to international references. The results reported that 9% of the samples had pesticide residue levels above the maximum residue levels permitted in Chile. All the scenarios evaluated revealed the highest estimated daily intake and hazard quotients for methamidophos and chlorpyrifos. Both the active substances used were acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and were neurotoxic under chronic risk assessment. The results showed the highest chronic hazard index in the Chilean scenario for all age groups and genders. The evidence obtained revealed that methamidophos, methomyl, and chlorpyrifos should be restricted for their use in Chilean agriculture.
PubMed: 34678945
DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100249