-
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy May 1977The activity of azlocillin, a new semisynthetic penicillin, was determined against 582 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci. Over 75% of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The activity of azlocillin, a new semisynthetic penicillin, was determined against 582 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci. Over 75% of the isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were inhibited at a concentration of 12.5 mug or less per ml. Azlocillin is also active against indole-negative and -positive Proteus spp., inhibiting 98 and 71%, respectively, at a concentration of 12.5 mug or less per ml. Isolates of Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. showed less susceptibility than isolates of Escherichia coli and Serratia spp. Gram-positive cocci except penicillin G-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to azlocillin. Azlocillin failed to inhibit the growth of gram-negative bacilli when large inocula were used. It was more active in alkaline pH, but the type of medium used had little effect on its activity. Azlocillin was more active than mezlocillin, ticarcillin, and carbenicillin and as active as BLP-1654 against isolates of P. aeruginosa. It was not as active as mezlocillin against the majority of the other gram-negative bacilli.
Topics: Bacteria; Enterobacteriaceae; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus
PubMed: 18083
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.11.5.865 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Oct 1983The in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin (Bay o 9867) and seven comparative antimicrobial agents against 664 aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacterial isolates were...
The in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin (Bay o 9867) and seven comparative antimicrobial agents against 664 aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacterial isolates were studied. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin were less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml for Enterobacteriaceae, less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml for nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli, less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml for gram-positive cocci, less than or equal to 0.03 micrograms/ml for Aeromonas hydrophila and Pasteurella multocida, and less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml for Listeria monocytogenes. MICs for multi-drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml. Ciprofloxacin MICs were consistently 0 to 4 (usually 2 to 3) dilution steps lower than those of a related drug, norfloxacin (P less than 0.0001). For most species, they were lower than MICs of cefotaxime, aztreonam, theinamycin, mezlocillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and amikacin. With all eight drugs, increasing the inoculum size by 100-fold had a variable effect on MICs which was species related. Ciprofloxacin is a potent broad-spectrum new antimicrobial agent.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Ciprofloxacin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nalidixic Acid; Norfloxacin; Quinolines
PubMed: 6228192
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.24.4.568 -
Journal of Natural Science, Biology,... 2017has emerged as an important pathogen in hospital and environment that can acquire transport element and antibiotic-resistant genes. The aim of this study was to...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
has emerged as an important pathogen in hospital and environment that can acquire transport element and antibiotic-resistant genes. The aim of this study was to determine the resistances to different antibiotics, frequency of Class 1 integron in and then molecular typing for isolated from Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 100 isolates of were collected from patients admitted to hospitals in Kermanshah from April 2014 to September 2015. The isolates were identified using biochemical test. Antimicrobial susceptibility test for 20 antibiotics was determined by Kirby-Bauer antibiotic testing (or disc diffusion). The prevalence rate of class integrons among the isolates was determined using polymerase chain reaction and finally 80 isolates of obtained from the Intensive Care Unit were selected for molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
RESULTS
The maximum drug resistance was observed against cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, mezlocillin, imipenem, and ceftazidime and piperacillin. Twenty-nine isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR); about 21 isolates were extensively-drug resistant and none were pandrug resistance and 42 isolates (42%) contained Class 1 integrons. The results did not show a significant correlation between the presence of Class 1 integrons and incidence of MDR . Five clusters were obtained by PFGE.
CONCLUSION
This study did not show a significant correlation between the presence of Class 1 integrons and incidence of MDR . By PFGE analysis, the high level of similarity between some pulsotypes in strains showed genetic correlation between them.
PubMed: 28781486
DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.210007 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Nov 1980In vitro susceptibility testing of 28 strains of Eikenella corrodens by the agar dilution technique showed that all strains were uniformly susceptible to penicillin,...
In vitro susceptibility testing of 28 strains of Eikenella corrodens by the agar dilution technique showed that all strains were uniformly susceptible to penicillin, ticarcillin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, N-formimidoyl thienamycin, and moxalactam and resistant to clindamycin and cefadroxil. Cefoperazone, piperacillin, and mezlocillin showed good activity, with some strains relatively resistant. Bacampicillin and cefamandole showed relatively poor activity.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroides; Eikenella corrodens; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 7004350
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.18.5.832 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Sep 1988Indole-positive members of the Proteeae usually have inducible expression of chromosomal beta-lactamases. Mutants with stably derepressed beta-lactamase expression occur...
Indole-positive members of the Proteeae usually have inducible expression of chromosomal beta-lactamases. Mutants with stably derepressed beta-lactamase expression occur in inducible populations at frequencies in the range of 10(-6) to 10(-8). The contribution of these beta-lactamases to drug resistance was examined in Morganella morganii and Proteus vulgaris. The M. morganii enzyme was a high-molecular-weight (49,000) class I cephalosporinase with low Vmax rates for ampicillin, carbenicillin, and and broad-spectrum cephalosporins. The P. vulgaris enzyme had a lower molecular weight (32,000) and high Vmax rates for ampicillin, cephaloridine, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone. Imipenem and cefoxitin inactivated the P. vulgaris enzyme but were low-Vmax, low-Km substrates for that of M. morganii. Despite these differences, the two beta-lactamases caused similar resistance profiles. Ampicillin and cephaloridine were strong inducers for both species, and beta-lactamase-inducible strains and their stably derepressed mutants were resistant, whereas basal mutants (those with low-level uninducible beta-lactamase) were susceptible to these two compounds. Mezlocillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and (usually) carbenicillin were almost equally active against beta-lactamase-inducible organisms and their basal mutants, but were less active against stably derepressed mutants. This behavior reflected the beta-lactamase lability of these drugs, coupled with their weak inducer activity below the MIC. Carbenicillin was a labile strong inducer for a single P. vulgaris strain, and inducible enzyme was protective against the drug in this atypical organism. Cefoxitin and imipenem, both strong inducers below the MIC, were almost equally active against beta-lactamase-inducible organisms and their basal and stably derepressed mutants.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Enterobacteriaceae; Enzyme Induction; Hydrolysis; Isoelectric Focusing; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Proteus vulgaris; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 3058021
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.32.9.1385 -
Medicine Nov 2018Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare postoperative complication of enterostomy, mostly developing from dermatitis, which may have serious consequence.
RATIONALE
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare postoperative complication of enterostomy, mostly developing from dermatitis, which may have serious consequence.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A patient with lower rectal cancer receiving low anterior resection (LAR) and protective ileostomy was initially diagnosed with dermatitis, which very quickly developed to PG, though no medical or familial history was found.
DIAGNOSIS
We diagnosed the patient with peristoaml dermatitis starting from a tiny skin ulceration, but corrected the diagnosis to PG because of the rapid development and severe consequences.
INTERVENTIONS
Routine stoma care did not improve the condition, so we performed 2 terms of debridement, the closure of the stoma and autologous skin transplantation before finally solving the problem.
OUTCOMES
The patient was discharged 60 days after the first surgery and 5 days after the last one. After 18 months of follow-up, the patient kept in a stable condition.
LESSONS
Medical staff should not neglect peristoaml dermatitis because of its common occurrence. Once the situation develops beyond the doctors' expectation, more efforts should be made to treat it, even expand debridement if possible.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Debridement; Humans; Ileostomy; Male; Mezlocillin; Middle Aged; Pyoderma Gangrenosum; Skin Transplantation; Transplantation, Autologous; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 30508946
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000013415 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2021We investigated the clonal diversity of carbapenemase-producing isolates from the Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China, and drew conclusions on the clinical and public...
AIM
We investigated the clonal diversity of carbapenemase-producing isolates from the Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China, and drew conclusions on the clinical and public health impact of these isolates as multidrug-resistant.
METHODS
From January 2014 to December 2018, a total number of 36 unique carbapenemase-producing clinical isolates of were collected out of 900 clinical isolates in paediatric patients from the Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China. After carbapenemase production confirmation, antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance determinants and phylogenetic relationship were determined.
RESULTS
The isolates showed resistance to ceftazidime, ertapenem, ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, cefotetan, ticarcillin, cefaclor, cefpodoxime, azlocillin, cefcapene, mezlocillin and ampicillin-sulbactam. Of the 36 carbapenemase genes coding isolates, was the mostly detected 50% (n=18) followed by and 19% (n=7), 17% (n=6), 8% (n=3) and 5% (n=2), whereas extended-spectrum β-lactamase ( ) was predominantly detected 92% (n=33) followed by 53% (n=19) and 28% (n=10). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing showed eight different patterns, and twenty-five distinct sequences types were observed with ST307 being predominantly identified 11% (n=4), followed by ST2407 8% (n=3). Plasmid replicon typing results indicated that IncFIS, IncHI2, IncFIC and IncFIA plasmids carry and genes.
CONCLUSION
This study reports on the occurrence and spread of carbapenemase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase encoding genes co-existence in sporadic ST307 in paediatric patients from the Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China.
PubMed: 34511949
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S324018 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Apr 1982The activity of temocillin (BRL 17421), a new penicillin, was tested in vitro against 653 isolates of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci. The drug was... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The activity of temocillin (BRL 17421), a new penicillin, was tested in vitro against 653 isolates of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci. The drug was compared with other beta-lactam antibiotics and tobramycin. It inhibited the majority of gram-negative bacilli tested except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, which were highly resistant. It was active against more than 50% of the multiresistant strains tested. Temocillin was more active than mezlocillin against most gram-negative bacilli and more active than moxalactam, ceftriaxone, and ceftazidime against Enterobacter spp. In general, it was slightly less active than the other drugs tested and had no activity against the gram-positive cocci. There was no significant change in drug activity when pH and medium were varied, and the effect of serum binding was minimal. There was no significant inoculum effect when the size of the inoculum was increased from 10(4) to 10(6) organisms per ml.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins
PubMed: 6919412
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.21.4.641 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Oct 1976The antimicrobial susceptibility of 492 anaerobic bacteria, the majority of which were recent clinical isolates, was determined by the agar dilution technique....
The antimicrobial susceptibility of 492 anaerobic bacteria, the majority of which were recent clinical isolates, was determined by the agar dilution technique. Penicillin G was active against most of the strains tested at 32 U or less/ml, but only 72% of Bacteroides fragilis strains were susceptible at this level and 9% required 256 U or more/ml. Ampicillin was effective against most of the strains except B. fragilis at 16 mug or less/ml. Amoxicillin was active against only 31% of B. fragilis, 76% of other Bacteroides species, and 67% of Fusobacterium species at 8 mug/ml. Two new penicillins, mezlocillin and azlocillin, were similar to ampicillin in their activity. Carbenicillin and ticarcillin inhibited all but a few strains at 128 mug or less/ml. BLP 1654 was somewhat more active than penicillin G against B. fragilis but had similar activity against other anaerobes. Cephalothin was inactive against B. fragilis, and only 65% of other Bacteroides species were inhibited by 32 mug or less/ml. It was effective against all other anaerobes at that level. Cefamandole showed somewhat greater activity than cephalothin against B. fragilis but generally less activity against gram-positive organisms. Cefazaflur (SKF 59962) was comparable to cephalothin against B. fragilis. Cefoxitin was distinctly more active than cephalothin against B. fragilis. These latter two agents were less active than cephalothin against the gram-positive anaerobes. Chloramphenicol remains active against anaerobic bacteria at 16 mug or less/ml, with rare exceptions. Thiamphenicol was similar to chloramphenicol in its activity. Clindamycin was very active against most of the anaerobes at 8 mug or less/ml. Erythromycin and josamycin were also tested, with josamycin showing greater activity against B. fragilis than either erythromycin or clindamycin. A new oligosaccharide, everninomicin B, was less active than clindamycin against B. fragilis but more active against clostridia and some of the other strains tested. Most of the groups of bacteria tested demonstrated a trend toward resistance to tetracycline. Doxycycline and minocycline were somewhat more active than was tetracycline. Metronidazole was active against the majority of the anaerobes tested; resistance ws demonstrated by some of the gram-positive cocci and gram-positive, non-sporeforming bacilli.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Cephalosporins; Chloramphenicol; Metronidazole; Penicillins; Tetracyclines
PubMed: 984809
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.10.4.736 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Dec 1980CI-867, a new semisynthetic penicillin, has exhibited broad-spectrum activity in vitro against gram-positive cocci, except penicillin G-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,...
CI-867, a new semisynthetic penicillin, has exhibited broad-spectrum activity in vitro against gram-positive cocci, except penicillin G-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and against gram-negative bacilli. It was especially active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and as active as mezlocillin and piperacillin against Klebsiella pneumoniae. CI-867 was bactericidal against most organisms. Its activity was greatly reduced when the inoculum was increased from 10(5) to 10(7) organisms per ml.
Topics: Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Penicillins
PubMed: 7235679
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.18.6.939