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Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism:... Aug 2021This review discusses the interactions of steroids with the gut and vaginal microbiomes within each life phase of adult women and the implications for women's health.... (Review)
Review
This review discusses the interactions of steroids with the gut and vaginal microbiomes within each life phase of adult women and the implications for women's health. Each phase of a woman's life is characterized by distinct hormonal states which drive overall physiology of both host and commensal microbes. These host-microbiome interactions underlie disease pathology in disorders that affect women across their lifetime, including bacterial vaginosis, gestational diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), anxiety, depression, and obesity. Although many associations between host health and microbiome composition are well defined, the mechanistic role of the microbiome in women's health outcomes is largely unknown. This review addresses potential mechanisms by which the microbiota influences women's health and highlights gaps in current knowledge.
Topics: Adult; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota; Steroids; Vagina; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Women's Health
PubMed: 34049772
DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.04.014 -
Gut Microbes 2023Although gut microbiota has been linked to cancer, little is known about the crosstalk between gut- and intratumoral-microbiomes. The goal of this study was to determine...
Microbiome and spatially resolved metabolomics analysis reveal the anticancer role of gut Akkermansia muciniphila by crosstalk with intratumoral microbiota and reprogramming tumoral metabolism in mice.
Although gut microbiota has been linked to cancer, little is known about the crosstalk between gut- and intratumoral-microbiomes. The goal of this study was to determine whether gut Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk) is involved in the regulation of intratumoral microbiome and metabolic contexture, leading to an anticancer effect on lung cancer. We evaluated the effects of gut endogenous or gavaged exogenous Akk on the tumorigenesis using the Lewis lung cancer mouse model. Feces, blood, and tumor tissue samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. We then conducted spatially resolved metabolomics profiling to discover cancer metabolites in situ directly and to characterize the overall Akk-regulated metabolic features, followed by the correlation analysis of intratumoral bacteria with metabolic network. Our results showed that both endogenous and exogenous gavaged Akk significantly inhibited tumorigenesis. Moreover, we detected increased Akk abundance in blood circulation or tumor tissue by 16S rDNA sequencing in the Akk gavaged mice, compared with the control mice. Of great interest, gavaged Akk may migrate into tumor tissue and influence the composition of intratumoral microbiome. Spatially resolved metabolomics analysis revealed that the gut-derived Akk was able to regulate tumor metabolic pathways, from metabolites to enzymes. Finally, our study identified a significant correlation between the gut Akk-regulated intratumoral bacteria and metabolic network. Together, gut-derived Akk may migrate into blood circulation, and subsequently colonize into lung cancer tissue, which contributes to the suppression of tumorigenesis by influencing tumoral symbiotic microbiome and reprogramming tumoral metabolism, although more studies are needed.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbiota; Verrucomicrobia; Metabolomics; Lung Neoplasms; Carcinogenesis
PubMed: 36740846
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2166700 -
Genome Medicine Sep 2020The human gut microbiome is a dynamic collection of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses that performs essential functions for immune development, pathogen colonization... (Review)
Review
The human gut microbiome is a dynamic collection of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses that performs essential functions for immune development, pathogen colonization resistance, and food metabolism. Perturbation of the gut microbiome's ecological balance, commonly by antibiotics, can cause and exacerbate diseases. To predict and successfully rescue such perturbations, first, we must understand the underlying taxonomic and functional dynamics of the microbiome as it changes throughout infancy, childhood, and adulthood. We offer an overview of the healthy gut bacterial architecture over these life stages and comment on vulnerability to short and long courses of antibiotics. Second, the resilience of the microbiome after antibiotic perturbation depends on key characteristics, such as the nature, timing, duration, and spectrum of a course of antibiotics, as well as microbiome modulatory factors such as age, travel, underlying illness, antibiotic resistance pattern, and diet. In this review, we discuss acute and chronic antibiotic perturbations to the microbiome and resistome in the context of microbiome stability and dynamics. We specifically discuss key taxonomic and resistance gene changes that accompany antibiotic treatment of neonates, children, and adults. Restoration of a healthy gut microbial ecosystem after routine antibiotics will require rationally managed exposure to specific antibiotics and microbes. To that end, we review the use of fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics to direct recolonization of the gut ecosystem. We conclude with our perspectives on how best to assess, predict, and aid recovery of the microbiome after antibiotic perturbation.
Topics: Age Factors; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota
PubMed: 32988391
DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00782-x -
Cell Dec 2022The perinatal period represents a critical window for cognitive and immune system development, promoted by maternal and infant gut microbiomes and their metabolites....
The perinatal period represents a critical window for cognitive and immune system development, promoted by maternal and infant gut microbiomes and their metabolites. Here, we tracked the co-development of microbiomes and metabolomes from late pregnancy to 1 year of age using longitudinal multi-omics data from a cohort of 70 mother-infant dyads. We discovered large-scale mother-to-infant interspecies transfer of mobile genetic elements, frequently involving genes associated with diet-related adaptations. Infant gut metabolomes were less diverse than maternal but featured hundreds of unique metabolites and microbe-metabolite associations not detected in mothers. Metabolomes and serum cytokine signatures of infants who received regular-but not extensively hydrolyzed-formula were distinct from those of exclusively breastfed infants. Taken together, our integrative analysis expands the concept of vertical transmission of the gut microbiome and provides original insights into the development of maternal and infant microbiomes and metabolomes during late pregnancy and early life.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Pregnancy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbiota; Mothers; Breast Feeding; Feces; Interspersed Repetitive Sequences
PubMed: 36563663
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.023 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022PCOS is defined as a kind of endocrine and metabolic disorder which affects females at reproductive ages, is becoming much more common, nowadays. Microbiomes are known... (Review)
Review
PCOS is defined as a kind of endocrine and metabolic disorder which affects females at reproductive ages, is becoming much more common, nowadays. Microbiomes are known as microorganisms that inhabit the body to play a vital role in human health. In recent years, several basic and clinical studies have tried to investigate the correlation between the reproductive health/disorder and microbiomes (gut microbiomes and vaginal microbiomes). However, the mechanism is still unclear. In this review, we reviewed the relationship between PCOS and microbiomes, including gut/vaginal microbiomes compositions in PCOS, mechanism of microbiomes and PCOS, and then collectively focused on the recent findings on the influence of microbiomes on the novel insight regarding the therapeutic strategies for PCOS in the future clinical practice.
Topics: Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Reproduction; Women's Health
PubMed: 35282446
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.808508 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022Understanding of the gut microbiome's role in human physiology developed rapidly in recent years. Moreover, any alteration of this microenvironment could lead to a... (Review)
Review
Understanding of the gut microbiome's role in human physiology developed rapidly in recent years. Moreover, any alteration of this microenvironment could lead to a pathophysiological reaction of numerous organs. It results from the bidirectional communication of the gastrointestinal tract with the central nervous system, called the gut-brain axis. The signals in the gut-brain axis are mediated by immunological, hormonal, and neural pathways. However, it is also influenced by microorganisms in the gut. The disturbances in the gut-brain axis are associated with gastrointestinal syndromes, but recently their role in the development of different types of pain was reported. The gut microbiome could be the factor in the central sensitization of chronic pain by regulating microglia, astrocytes, and immune cells. Dysbiosis could lead to incorrect immune responses, resulting in the development of inflammatory pain such as endometriosis. Furthermore, chronic visceral pain, associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders, could result from a disruption in the gut microenvironment. Any alteration in the gut-brain axis could also trigger migraine attacks by affecting cytokine expression. Understanding the gut microbiome's role in pain pathophysiology leads to the development of analgetic therapies targeting microorganisms. Probiotics, FODMAP diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation are reported to be beneficial in treating visceral pain.
Topics: Female; Humans; Visceral Pain; Brain; Dysbiosis; Microbiota; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Probiotics; Chronic Pain
PubMed: 36362056
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113267 -
Drug Discovery Today Sep 2021A factor in our inability to meet the challenge of clinical antibiotic resistance has been the low productivity of research and development (R&D) efforts, with only... (Review)
Review
A factor in our inability to meet the challenge of clinical antibiotic resistance has been the low productivity of research and development (R&D) efforts, with only incremental improvements on existing broad-spectrum classes coming into clinical use recently. The disappointing returns from this approach have focussed attention on narrower-spectrum antibiotics; such new agents are directed against the pathogen of relevance with the additional benefit of preserving the human microbiome(s). Our knowledge of the gut microbiome and its contribution to health homeostasis increases yearly and suggests that broad-spectrum treatments incur health costs beyond the initial infection. Improved diagnostics, antibiotic stewardship, and the crucial role of the gut microbiome in health indicate targeted agents as a more viable approach for future antibiotic R&D.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Dysbiosis; Humans; Microbiota
PubMed: 34329771
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.016 -
Methods (San Diego, Calif.) Oct 2018
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Humans; Metabolomics; Microbiota
PubMed: 30322643
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.09.007 -
Microbiome May 2021In gut microbiome studies, the cultured gut microbial resource plays essential roles, such as helping to unravel gut microbial functions and host-microbe interactions....
BACKGROUND
In gut microbiome studies, the cultured gut microbial resource plays essential roles, such as helping to unravel gut microbial functions and host-microbe interactions. Although several major studies have been performed to elucidate the cultured human gut microbiota, up to 70% of the Unified Human Gastrointestinal Genome species have not been cultured to date. Large-scale gut microbial isolation and identification as well as availability to the public are imperative for gut microbial studies and further characterizing human gut microbial functions.
RESULTS
In this study, we constructed a human Gut Microbial Biobank (hGMB; homepage: hgmb.nmdc.cn ) through the cultivation of 10,558 isolates from 31 sample mixtures of 239 fresh fecal samples from healthy Chinese volunteers, and deposited 1170 strains representing 400 different species in culture collections of the International Depository Authority for long-term preservation and public access worldwide. Following the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes, 102 new species were characterized and denominated, while 28 new genera and 3 new families were proposed. hGMB represented over 80% of the common and dominant human gut microbial genera and species characterized from global human gut 16S rRNA gene amplicon data (n = 11,647) and cultured 24 "most-wanted" and "medium priority" taxa proposed by the Human Microbiome Project. We in total sequenced 115 genomes representing 102 novel taxa and 13 previously known species. Further in silico analysis revealed that the newly sequenced hGMB genomes represented 22 previously uncultured species in the Unified Human Gastrointestinal Genome (UHGG) and contributed 24 representatives of potentially "dark taxa" that had not been discovered by UHGG. The nonredundant gene catalogs generated from the hGMB genomes covered over 50% of the functionally known genes (KEGG orthologs) in the largest global human gut gene catalogs and approximately 10% of the "most wanted" functionally unknown proteins in the FUnkFams database.
CONCLUSIONS
A publicly accessible human Gut Microbial Biobank (hGMB) was established that contained 1170 strains and represents 400 human gut microbial species. hGMB expands the gut microbial resources and genomic repository by adding 102 novel species, 28 new genera, 3 new families, and 115 new genomes of human gut microbes. Video abstract.
Topics: Bacteria; Biological Specimen Banks; Darkness; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34020714
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01064-3 -
Cell Host & Microbe Jul 2023The human gut microbiome composition is generally in a stable dynamic equilibrium, but it can deteriorate into dysbiotic states detrimental to host health. To...
The human gut microbiome composition is generally in a stable dynamic equilibrium, but it can deteriorate into dysbiotic states detrimental to host health. To disentangle the inherent complexity and capture the ecological spectrum of microbiome variability, we used 5,230 gut metagenomes to characterize signatures of bacteria commonly co-occurring, termed enterosignatures (ESs). We find five generalizable ESs dominated by either Bacteroides, Firmicutes, Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, or Escherichia. This model confirms key ecological characteristics known from previous enterotype concepts, while enabling the detection of gradual shifts in community structures. Temporal analysis implies that the Bacteroides-associated ES is "core" in the resilience of westernized gut microbiomes, while combinations with other ESs often complement the functional spectrum. The model reliably detects atypical gut microbiomes correlated with adverse host health conditions and/or the presence of pathobionts. ESs provide an interpretable and generic model that enables an intuitive characterization of gut microbiome composition in health and disease.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microbiota; Bacteria; Metagenome; Firmicutes; Bacteroides; Feces
PubMed: 37339626
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.05.024