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Food Chemistry Jun 2018For individuals following a gluten-free (GF) diet, rice is commonly the major grain. People following a GF diet have a higher arsenic burden than the general population....
For individuals following a gluten-free (GF) diet, rice is commonly the major grain. People following a GF diet have a higher arsenic burden than the general population. We conducted a multielemental market basket study of GF and gluten containing ingredients and prepared foods (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, Se, Cd, Sb, Pb, total As, As species, total Hg and methylmercury). Foods containing rice were significantly higher in As, Hg and Pb and lower in Se, Fe, Cu and Zn. Wheat-based foods were higher in Cd. Mercury concentrations were low (<3.5 ng/g); speciation was predominantly methylmercury. Arsenic and mercury in rice were correlated. GF foods contained significantly more As and Hg. Eating a wide variety of GF grains may reduce contaminant exposure and increase micronutrient status compared to a rice-based GF diet.
Topics: Arsenic; Diet, Gluten-Free; Edible Grain; Food Contamination; Glutens; Humans; Mercury; Micronutrients; Oryza; Trace Elements; Triticum
PubMed: 29478539
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.120 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Mar 2015
Topics: Deficiency Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Trace Elements; Zinc
PubMed: 25770261
DOI: 10.3945/an.114.006874 -
Nutrients Sep 2023Selenium is an essential micronutrient that plays a crucial role in maintaining human health. Selenium deficiency is seriously associated with various diseases such as... (Review)
Review
Selenium is an essential micronutrient that plays a crucial role in maintaining human health. Selenium deficiency is seriously associated with various diseases such as Keshan disease, Kashin-Beck disease, cataracts, and others. Conversely, selenium supplementation has been found to have multiple effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer functions. Compared with inorganic selenium, organic selenium exhibits higher bioactivities and a wider range of safe concentrations. Consequently, there has been a significant development of selenium-enriched foods which contain large amounts of organic selenium in order to improve human health. This review summarizes the physiological role and metabolism of selenium, the development of selenium-enriched foods, the physiological functions of selenium-enriched foods, and provides an analysis of total selenium and its species in selenium-enriched foods, with a view to laying the foundation for selenium-enriched food development.
Topics: Humans; Selenium; Food, Fortified; Trace Elements; Antioxidants; Kashin-Beck Disease
PubMed: 37836473
DOI: 10.3390/nu15194189 -
Nephron 2023Acute kidney injury impacts the micronutrient status by various mechanisms including decreased enteral absorption, changes in redistribution, altered metabolism, and... (Review)
Review
Acute kidney injury impacts the micronutrient status by various mechanisms including decreased enteral absorption, changes in redistribution, altered metabolism, and increased consumption. When renal replacement therapy (RRT) is applied, there are additional losses of vitamins, trace elements, and amino acids, and their derivatives due to diffusion or adhesion. Varied data exist regarding the degree of micronutrient losses and plasma concentrations in patients who receive RRT, and these differ by RRT modality, dose, duration, and type of micronutrient. Water-soluble vitamins, selenium, copper, and carnitine are among the most frequently reported depleted nutrients. The role of micronutrient supplementation in critically ill patients undergoing RRT and the optimal dose and mode of administration are yet to be determined.
Topics: Humans; Trace Elements; Micronutrients; Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy; Vitamins; Selenium; Renal Replacement Therapy; Acute Kidney Injury; Critical Illness
PubMed: 37611551
DOI: 10.1159/000531947 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jul 2023One of the basic trace elements for the structure and metabolism of human tissue is copper. However, as a heavy metal, excessive intake or abnormal accumulation of... (Review)
Review
One of the basic trace elements for the structure and metabolism of human tissue is copper. However, as a heavy metal, excessive intake or abnormal accumulation of copper in the body can cause inevitable damage to the organism because copper can result in direct injury to various cell components or disruption of the redox balance, eventually leading to cell death. Interestingly, a growing body of research reports that diverse cancers have raised serum and tumor copper levels. Tumor cells depend on more copper for their metabolism than normal cells, and a decrease in copper or copper overload can have a detrimental effect on tumor cells. New modalities for identifying and characterizing copper-dependent signals offer translational opportunities for tumor therapy, but their mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this article summarizes what we currently know about the correlation between copper and cancer and describes the characteristics of copper metabolism in tumor cells and the prospective application of copper-derived therapeutics.
Topics: Humans; Copper; Trace Elements; Oxidation-Reduction; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37105071
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114791 -
Nutrients Feb 2023Iodine is an essential micronutrient and component of thyroid hormone. An adequate dietary iodine intake is critical to maintain and promote normal growth and... (Review)
Review
Iodine is an essential micronutrient and component of thyroid hormone. An adequate dietary iodine intake is critical to maintain and promote normal growth and development, especially during vulnerable life stages such as pregnancy and early infancy. The role of iodine in cognitive development is supported by numerous interventional and observational studies, and when iodine intake is too low, somatic growth is also impaired. This can be clearly seen in cases of untreated congenital hypothyroidism related to severe iodine deficiency, which is characterized, in part, by a short stature. Nevertheless, the impact of a less severe iodine deficiency on growth, whether in utero or postnatal, is unclear. Robust studies examining the relationship between iodine and growth are rarely feasible, including the aspect of examining the effect of a single micronutrient on a process that is reliant on multiple nutrients for optimal success. Conversely, excessive iodine intake can affect thyroid function and the secretion of optimal thyroid hormone levels; however, whether this affects growth has not been examined. This narrative review outlines the mechanisms by which iodine contributes to the growth process from conception onwards, supported by evidence from human studies. It emphasizes the need for adequate iodine public health policies and their robust monitoring and surveillance, to ensure coverage for all population groups, particularly those at life stages vulnerable for growth. Finally, it summarizes the other micronutrients important to consider alongside iodine when seeking to assess the impact of iodine on somatic growth.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Iodine; Trace Elements; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones; Micronutrients; Malnutrition
PubMed: 36839172
DOI: 10.3390/nu15040814 -
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical... Dec 2023Globally, there appears to be an ever-increasing interest in adopting a vegetarian diet. However, there are concerns that avoiding meat may increase the risk of anaemia...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Globally, there appears to be an ever-increasing interest in adopting a vegetarian diet. However, there are concerns that avoiding meat may increase the risk of anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies, especially for vulnerable populations, such as adolescent women. The objective of this study was to compare the micronutrient status of vegetarian and non-vegetarian adolescent women in New Zealand.
METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN
Adolescent women aged 15-18 y were recruited from eight locations across New Zealand. Blood samples were analysed for: haemoglobin, serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, zinc, selenium, retinol binding protein, folate, vitamin B-12, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone.
RESULTS
Of the 182 participants who provided a blood sample, 15% self-identified as vegetarian (n=27). On average, vegetarians had 3.1% (95% CI -5.8 to -0.4, p=0.025) lower haemoglobin, and 8.3% (95%CI -14.1 to -2.1, p=0.004) lower selenium. In contrast, serum folate was 80.5% (95% CI 45.7 to 123.7, p<0.001) higher. The prevalence of zinc and selenium deficiency was higher among vegetarians (50% and 12%, respectively) than non-vegetarians (21%, and 2%, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Adolescent vegetarian women may be at increased risk of deficiency of micronutrients commonly found in animal products, including zinc and selenium, and may benefit from following dietary practices that enhance micronutrient intake and absorption.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Micronutrients; Selenium; New Zealand; Diet, Vegetarian; Vegetarians; Malnutrition; Trace Elements; Folic Acid; Zinc; Hemoglobins; Nutritional Status
PubMed: 38135479
DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202312_32(4).0008 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Micronutrition in pregnancy is critical to impact not only fetal growth and development but also long-term physical and psychiatric health outcomes. (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
Micronutrition in pregnancy is critical to impact not only fetal growth and development but also long-term physical and psychiatric health outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
Estimate micronutrient intake from food and dietary supplements in a diverse cohort of pregnant women and compare intake to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs).
DESIGN
Secondary analysis of women enrolled in a multi-site clinical trial of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation who provided their dietary intake using the diet history questionnaire-II ( = 843) or multiple 24 h recalls ( = 178) at baseline and their intake of nutritional supplements at baseline through 30 days postpartum.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING
1021 participants from the parent trial who had reliable data for dietary intake, supplement intake, or both.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Micronutrient intake from dietary and supplement sources and percentage of intakes meeting the DRIs for pregnancy.
STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED
Percent of participants whose intake was below the estimated average requirement (EAR) or adequate intake (AI) and above the tolerable upper limit (UL).
RESULTS
Dietary intakes of choline, folate, iron, vitamin D, zinc, vitamin E, magnesium, and potassium, were below the AI or EAR for 30-91% of the participants; thiamin and vitamin B6 were also below the AI or EAR for non-Hispanic/Latina women. Supplement intake improved the intake for most; however, 80% of the group remained below the AI for choline and 52.5% for potassium while 30% remained below the EAR for magnesium. Folate and iron intakes were above the UL for 80% and 19%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Dietary supplements, despite their variability, allowed the majority of this cohort of pregnant women to achieve adequate intakes for most micronutrients. Choline, magnesium, and potassium were exceptions. Of interest, folate intake was above the tolerable UL for the majority and iron for 16.8% of the participants. Clinicians have the opportunity to address the most common nutrient deficits and limits with advice on food sources that provide choline, magnesium, and potassium and to ensure folate is not overabundant. More research is needed to determine if these findings are similar in a cross-sectional population.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Folic Acid; Iron; Magnesium; Micronutrients; Nutritional Requirements; Potassium; Pregnant Women; Trace Elements
PubMed: 37513643
DOI: 10.3390/nu15143228 -
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Nov 2023Bariatric surgery may increase the risk of micronutrient deficiencies; however, confounders including preoperative deficiency, supplementation and inflammation are... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Bariatric surgery may increase the risk of micronutrient deficiencies; however, confounders including preoperative deficiency, supplementation and inflammation are rarely considered.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the impact of bariatric surgeries, supplementation and inflammation on micronutrient deficiency.
SETTING
Two public hospitals, Australia.
METHODS
Participants were recruited to an observational study monitoring biochemical micronutrient outcomes, supplementation dose, inflammation and glycaemic control, pre-operatively and at 1-3, 6 and 12 months after gastric bypass (GB; Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Single Anastomosis Gastric Bypass; N = 66) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG; N = 144). Participant retention at 12 months was 81%.
RESULTS
Pre-operative micronutrient deficiency was common, for vitamin D (29-30%), iron (13-22%) and selenium (39% GB cohort). Supplement intake increased after surgery; however, dose was <50% of target for most nutrients. After SG, folate was vulnerable to deficiency at 6 months (OR 13 [95% CI 2, 84]; p = 0.007), with folic acid supplementation being independently associated with reduced risk. Within 1-3 months of GB, three nutrients had higher deficiency rates compared to pre-operative levels; vitamin B1 (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.01), vitamin A (21% vs. 3%, p < 0.01) and selenium (59% vs. 39%, p < 0.05). Vitamin B1 deficiency was independently associated with surgery and inflammation, selenium deficiency with improved glycaemic control after surgery and inflammation, whilst vitamin A deficiency was associated with inflammation only.
CONCLUSION
In the setting of prophylactic post-surgical micronutrient prescription, few nutrients are at risk of de novo deficiency. Although micronutrient supplementation and monitoring remains important, rationalising high-frequency biochemical testing protocols in the first year after surgery may be warranted.
Topics: Humans; Obesity, Morbid; Selenium; Gastric Bypass; Bariatric Surgery; Malnutrition; Micronutrients; Trace Elements; Thiamine; Inflammation
PubMed: 37550536
DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01318-3 -
Trends in Biotechnology Apr 2019Zinc has been described as the 'calcium of the twenty-first century'. Zinc-based degradable biomaterials have recently emerged thanks to their intrinsic physiological... (Review)
Review
Zinc has been described as the 'calcium of the twenty-first century'. Zinc-based degradable biomaterials have recently emerged thanks to their intrinsic physiological relevance, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and pro-regeneration properties. Zinc-based biomaterials mainly include: metallic zinc alloys, zinc ceramic nanomaterials, and zinc metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Metallic zinc implants degrade at a desirable rate, matching the healing pace of local tissues, and stimulating remodeling and formation of new tissues. Zinc ceramic nanomaterials are also beneficial for tissue engineering and therapy thanks to their nanostructures and antibacterial properties. MOFs have large surface areas and are easily functionalized, making them ideal for drug delivery and cancer therapy. This review highlights recent developments in zinc-based biomaterials, discusses obstacles to overcome, and pinpoints directions for future research.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Regeneration; Regenerative Medicine; Trace Elements; Zinc
PubMed: 30470548
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.10.009