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Frontiers in Genetics 2021Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which is most often due to a collagen type 1 gene mutation, is characterized by low bone density and bone fragility. In OI patients,...
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which is most often due to a collagen type 1 gene mutation, is characterized by low bone density and bone fragility. In OI patients, gender-related differences were reported, but data in the literature are not convergent. We previously observed that sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab), which stimulates osteoblast Wnt pathway via sclerostin inactivation, improved spine and long-bone parameters and biomechanical strength in female oim/oim mice, a validated model of human type 3 OI. Here, we wanted to highlight the effect of Scl-Ab on male oim/oim bones in order to identify a possible distinct therapeutic effect from that observed in females. According to the same protocol as our previous study with female mice, male wild-type (Wt) and oim/oim mice received vehicle or Scl-Ab from 5 to 14 weeks of age. Clinimetric and quantitative bone parameters were studied using X-rays, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, microradiography, and dynamic histomorphometry and compared to those of females. Contrary to Wt mice, male oim/oim had significantly lower weight, snout-sacrum length, and bone mineral content than females at 5 weeks. No significant difference in these clinimetric parameters was observed at 14 weeks, whereas male oim showed significantly more long-bone fractures than females. Scl-Ab improved bone mineral density and bone volume/total volume ratio (BV/TV) of vertebral body in Wt and oim/oim, without significant difference between male and female at 14 weeks. Male vehicle oim/oim had a significantly lower cortical thickness (Ct.Th) and BV/TV of tibial diaphysis than female and showed a higher number of fractures at 14 weeks. Scl-Ab increased midshaft periosteal apposition rate in such a way that tibial Ct.Th of male oim/oim was not significantly different from the female one at 14 weeks. The number of fractures was lower in male than female oim/oim after 14 weeks of Scl-Ab treatment, but this difference was not significant. Nevertheless, Scl-Ab-treated oim/oim male and female mice remained smaller than the Wt ones. In conclusion, our results highlighted differences between male and female oim/oim at 4 and 14 weeks of age, as well as some male-specific response of cortical bone to Scl-Ab. These gender-related particularities of oim/oim should be considered when testing experimental treatments.
PubMed: 34447412
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.705505 -
Thorax Sep 1963
Topics: Anatomy; Capillaries; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases; Microradiography; Pulmonary Artery; Pulmonary Circulation
PubMed: 14064617
DOI: 10.1136/thx.18.3.225 -
International Journal of Clinical... Aug 2023To compare the efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) (GC Tooth Mousse) and tricalcium phosphate formulation (Clinpro) by topical...
AIM
To compare the efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) (GC Tooth Mousse) and tricalcium phosphate formulation (Clinpro) by topical application and iontophoresis.
BACKGROUND
Noninvasive treatment of dental caries is a major advance in the clinical management of the disease.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 20 primary anterior and 20 primary molars were included in the study to be analyzed by transverse microradiography (TMR) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). The samples were coated with acid-resistant varnish, leaving a window on the buccal/lingual surface of enamel and immersed in demineralizing solution for 96 hours. Each sample was coated with varnish on the left half (control), and the right half served as a test. All the samples were divided into four groups. The test windows of specimens in groups I (GC Tooth Mousse) and II (Clinpro) were subjected to remineralization treatments for 10 days. Similarly, groups III and IV were subjected to iontophoresis using GC Tooth Mousse and Clinpro for 7 minutes. The samples were analyzed by TMR and PLM.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference in the mean difference of mineral loss among the four groups. There was a significant difference in the mean difference of lesion depth among the four groups.
CONCLUSION
Both iontophoresis and topical application were equally efficient, but one remineralization by iontophoresis equals 10 topical applications.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
VC R, Muppa R, Nallanchakrava S, Evaluation of Iontophoresis as a Tool in Comparison to Topical Remineralization Systems by Transverse Microradiography and Polarized Light Microscopy: An Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-1):S85-S90.
PubMed: 37663207
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2625 -
Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023Biomimetic technologies for the remineralisation of enamel subsurface lesions (ESLs) have been developed and include: fluorocalcium phosphosilicate bioglass (BG/F);...
Biomimetic technologies for the remineralisation of enamel subsurface lesions (ESLs) have been developed and include: fluorocalcium phosphosilicate bioglass (BG/F); casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP−ACP) and with fluoride (CPP−ACFP); and self-assembling oligopeptide P11-4 (SAP). The aim of this study was to compare the remineralisation of ESLs in vitro using these technologies. Human enamel slabs with ESLs were cut into two half-slabs; one half-slab was untreated (control), and the other half was treated by exposure to one of the four technologies with artificial saliva (AS) or AS alone for 14 days at 37 °C. The technologies were applied to the ESL surface according to the manufacturer’s instructions. At the completion of each treatment, the treated half-slabs and their paired control half-slabs were embedded, sectioned and the mineral content was determined using transverse microradiography. The change in mineral content (remineralisation) between treatments was statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA. The order from highest to lowest remineralisation was CPP−ACFP (52.6 ± 2.6%) > CPP−ACP (43.0 ± 4.9%) > BG/F (13.2 ± 2.5%) > SAP (5.8 ± 1.6%) > AS (2.1 ± 0.5%). Only CPP−ACFP and CPP−ACP produced remineralisation throughout the body of the lesions. All four biomimetic technologies had some effect on the remineralisation of ESLs; however, CPP−ACFP with calcium, phosphate and fluoride ions stabilised by CPP was superior in the level and pattern of remineralisation obtained.
PubMed: 36648803
DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010017 -
Archives of Oral Biology Jul 2011Our aim was to test the hypothesis that co-exposure to lead and fluoride alter the severity of enamel fluorosis. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
AIM
Our aim was to test the hypothesis that co-exposure to lead and fluoride alter the severity of enamel fluorosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Wistar rats were allocated in four groups: control, and 3 groups that received water containing 100 ppm of fluoride (F), 30 ppm of lead (Pb), or 100 ppm of F and 30 ppm of Pb (F+Pb) from the beginning of gestation. Enamel analysis and F and Pb determinations in enamel, dentine, and bone were performed in 81-day-old animals. Fluorosis was quantified using a new fluorosis index based on the identification of incisor enamel defects (white bands and white islets, representing hypomineralization, and cavities) weighted according to their severity and quantity. Hypomineralization was validated histopathologically by polarizing microscopy and microradiography. Scores were given by two blinded calibrated examiners (intra and interexaminer kappa values were 0.8 and 0.86, respectively).
RESULTS
The control and the Pb groups presented normal enamel. The F+Pb group presented more severe enamel defects compared with the F group (P<0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that lead exacerbates dental fluorosis in rodents, suggesting that co-exposure to lead may affect the degree of fluorosis.
Topics: Animals; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dentin; Drug Synergism; Environmental Exposure; Female; Femur; Fluorides; Fluorosis, Dental; Incisor; Lead; Male; Microradiography; Microscopy, Polarization; Phosphorus; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tooth Calcification; Tooth Demineralization; Water Supply
PubMed: 21269604
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.12.011 -
Biology Nov 2022Molecular information has been gathered from fossilized dental enamel, the best-preserved tissue of vertebrates. However, the association of morphological features with...
Molecular information has been gathered from fossilized dental enamel, the best-preserved tissue of vertebrates. However, the association of morphological features with the possible mineral and organic information of this tissue is still poorly understood in the context of the emerging area of paleoproteomics. This study aims to compare the morphological features and chemical composition of dental enamel of extinct and extant terrestrial vertebrates of Crocodylia: Purussaurus sp. (extinct) and Melanosuchus niger (extant), and Rodentia: Neoepiblema sp. (extinct) and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (extant). To obtain structural and chemical data, superficial and internal enamel were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Organic, mineral, and water content were obtained using polarizing microscopy and microradiography on ground sections of four teeth, resulting in a higher organic volume than previously expected (up to 49%). It is observed that both modern and fossil tooth enamel exhibit the same major constituents: 36.7% Ca, 17.2% P, and 41% O, characteristic of hydroxyapatite. Additionally, 27 other elements were measured from superficial enamel by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Zinc was the most abundant microelement detected, followed by Pb, Fe, Mg, and Al. Morphological features observed include enamel rods in the rodent teeth, while incremental lines and semiprismatic enamel were observed in the alligator species. The fossil enamel was in an excellent state for microscopic analyses. Results show that all major dental enamel’s physical, chemical, and morphological features are present both in extant and extinct fossil tooth enamel (>8.5 Ma) in both taxa.
PubMed: 36358337
DOI: 10.3390/biology11111636 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022Background: Secondary caries often result in a high failure rate of resin composite restoration. Herein, we studied the dodecylmethylaminoethyl methacrylate−modified...
Background: Secondary caries often result in a high failure rate of resin composite restoration. Herein, we studied the dodecylmethylaminoethyl methacrylate−modified resin adhesive (DMAEM@RA) to investigate its pH-responsive antimicrobial effect on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans dual-species biofilms and on secondary caries. Methods: Firstly, the pH-responsive antimicrobial experiments including colony-forming units, scanning electron microscopy and exopoly-saccharide staining were measured. Secondly, lactic acid measurement and transverse microradiography analysis were performed to determine the preventive effect of DMAEM@RA on secondary caries. Lastly, quantitative real-time PCR was applied to investigate the antimicrobial effect of DMAEM@RA on cariogenic virulence genes. Results: DMAEM@RA significantly inhibited the growth, EPS, and acid production of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans dual-species biofilms under acidic environments (p < 0.05). Moreover, at pH 5 and 5.5, DMAEM@RA remarkably decreased the mineral loss and lesion depth of tooth hard tissue (p < 0.05) and down-regulated the expression of cariogenic genes, virulence-associated genes, and pH-regulated genes of dual-species biofilms (p < 0.05). Conclusions: DMAEM@RA played an antibiofilm role on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans dual-species biofilms, prevented the demineralization process, and attenuated cariogenic virulence in a pH-dependent manner.
PubMed: 36145446
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091014 -
Archives of Oral Biology Oct 2020The neonatal line (NNL) in enamel is hypomineralized, but quantitative data on the enamel component volumes of the NNL are lacking. This study aimed at quantifying the...
OBJETIVES
The neonatal line (NNL) in enamel is hypomineralized, but quantitative data on the enamel component volumes of the NNL are lacking. This study aimed at quantifying the variation in the mineral, organic, and water volumes at the NNL and in pre- and postnatal enamel.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In buccal enamel longitudinal ground sections of exfoliated primary incisors (upper and lower; n = 17), the enamel component volumes were quantified at five histological sites (located at 40 μm intervals along a transversal line): the NNL, two sites in prenatal enamel, and two sites in postnatal enamel. Mineral volume was quantified using microradiography, and non-mineral volumes were quantified using polarizing microscopy.
RESULTS
Differences in component volumes between the NNL and pre- and postnatal enamel had high effect sizes (Hedge's G ranging from 0.89, for the water volume, to 1.88, for the mineral volume; power > 90 %). The distance from the NNL correlated with the normalized component volume: r = 0.459, 95 % CI = 0.274/0.612 (mineral); r = -0.504; 95 % CI= -0.328/-0.647 (organic), and r = -0.294; 95 % CI= -0.087/-0.476 (water). Approaching the NNL from postnatal enamel, the percentage differences in component volumes were: -1.93 to -3.22 % for the mineral volume, +21.26 to +35.42 % for the organic volume, and +3.86 to +6.03 % for the water volume. Towards postnatal enamel, the percentage differences had the opposite trend.
CONCLUSIONS
The enamel NNL is slightly hypomineralized with an increased organic volume one order of magnitude higher than the percentage differences in both mineral and water volumes.
Topics: Dental Enamel; Female; Humans; Microradiography; Minerals; Pregnancy; Tooth, Deciduous; Water
PubMed: 32736142
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104850 -
Dentistry Journal Sep 2019To monitor the electrical resistance of artificially demineralized enamel and root dentine after exposure to different fluoridated dentifrices and, using transversal...
To monitor the electrical resistance of artificially demineralized enamel and root dentine after exposure to different fluoridated dentifrices and, using transversal microradiography, to quantify remineralization. This in-vitro blind investigation used 20 extracted teeth (four groups of five each). Each group was exposed to one test dentifrice [Colgate PreviDent (5000 ppm F), Colgate Winterfresh gel (1100 ppm F), Fluocaril Bi-Fluoré (2500 ppm F) and placebo (without fluoride)] three times daily for three minutes for 4 weeks. In between exposure to the test dentifrices, teeth were stored in a saliva storage solution. An Electrical Caries Monitor measured the electrical resistance at baseline and during the four-week test period at weekly intervals. The measurements were log transformed and Duncan's multiple range test applied. Remineralization was quantified using transversal microradiography. Log mean (SD) electronic carries monitor (ECM) measurements in enamel at baseline and after 4 weeks of exposure to the test dentifrices were 4.07(1.53) and 3.87(0.90) (Placebo-Fluocaril), 4.11(1.86) and 4.64(1.43) (Colgate Winterfresh gel), 4.81(0.9) and 4.21(1.20) (Fluocaril Bi-Fluoré), and 4.60(0.88) and 3.76(0.9) (Colgate PreviDent). Corresponding measurements in dentine were 2.13(0.89) and 3.06(0.87) (Placebo-Fluocaril), 1.87(0.63) and 2.88(1.32) (Colgate Winterfresh gel), 2.47(1.20) and 1.65(0.60) (Fluocaril), and 2.16(0.00), and 2.34(1.07) for Colgate PreviDent. Lesion depth (µm) after microradiography in enamel was 100.1 (Placebo), 50.6 (Colgate Winterfresh gel), and 110.2 (Fluocaril, and 97.1 (Colgate PreviDent), and corresponding values in dentine were 169.7, 154.8, 183.7, and 153.5. The correlation of ECM and microradiographic parameters was negative ( < 0.05). Exposure of artificially demineralized enamel and root dentine to fluoridated dentifrices and saliva storage solution resulted in remineralization as follows: Colgate Winterfresh > Colgate PreviDent > Placebo-Fluocaril > Fluocaril Bi-Fluoré. Remineralization in teeth of the Placebo dentifrice group may be attributed to the presence of calcium and phosphate ions in the saliva storage solution.
PubMed: 31480726
DOI: 10.3390/dj7030091 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jan 2017The aim of the study was to investigate the caries-preventive effect of newly developed fluoride and fluoride-free toothpastes specially designed for erosion prevention....
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to investigate the caries-preventive effect of newly developed fluoride and fluoride-free toothpastes specially designed for erosion prevention. The hypothesis was that these products might also show superior caries-inhibiting effect than regular fluoride toothpastes, since they were designed for stronger erosive acid challenges.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Enamel specimens were obtained from bovine teeth and pre-demineralized (pH = 4.95/21 days) to create artificial caries lesions. Baseline mineral loss (ΔZ) and lesion depth (LD) were determined using transversal microradiography (TMR). Ninety specimens with a median ΔZ (SD) of 6027 ± 1546 vol% × μm were selected and randomly allocated to five groups (n = 18). Treatments during pH-cycling (14 days, 4 × 60 min demineralization/day) were brushing 2×/day with AmF (1400 ppm F, anti-caries [AC]); AmF/NaF/SnCl/Chitosan (700 ppm F/700 ppm F/3500 ppm Sn, anti-erosion [AE1]); NaF/KNO (1400 ppm F, anti-erosion [AE2]); nano-hydroxyapatite-containing (0 ppm F, [nHA]); and fluoride-free toothpastes (0 ppm F, negative control [NC]). Toothpaste slurries were prepared with mineral salt solution (1:3 wt/wt). After pH-cycling specimens presenting lesion, surface loss (mainly by NC and nHA) were discarded. For the remaining 77 specimens, new TMR analyses (ΔZ/LD) were performed. Changes in mineral loss (ΔΔZ = ΔZ - ΔZ) and lesion depth (ΔLD = LD - LD) were calculated.
RESULTS
All toothpastes caused significantly less demineralization (lower ΔΔZ) than NC (p < 0.05, ANOVA) except for nHA. The fluoride toothpastes did not differ significantly regarding ΔΔZ and ΔLD (p > 0.05, ANOVA).
CONCLUSION/CLINICAL RELEVANCE
While both anti-erosive and anti-caries toothpastes reduced mineral loss to a similar extent, the fluoride-free nano-hydroxyapatite-containing toothpaste seemed not to be suitable for inhibition of caries demineralization in vitro.
Topics: Amines; Animals; Carbonates; Cariostatic Agents; Cattle; Chitosan; Dental Caries; Durapatite; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Microradiography; Nanoparticles; Nitrates; Potassium Compounds; Random Allocation; Sodium Fluoride; Tin Compounds; Tooth Erosion; Toothpastes; Zinc Compounds
PubMed: 26993660
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1789-0