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Reproductive Medicine and Biology Jul 2020There is no clear cutoff value for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level that defines subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Moreover, TSH levels can be affected by... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
There is no clear cutoff value for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level that defines subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Moreover, TSH levels can be affected by numerous factors. Although mild SCH has been implicated in miscarriage, the relationship between TSH levels and miscarriage remains unelucidated.
METHODS
We reviewed nine known risk factors affecting TSH levels and 28 studies investigating the potential association between mild SCH and miscarriage, examining whether these factors were considered.
MAIN FINDINGS
Among 28 studies that examined whether mild SCH (TSH > 2.5 mIU/L) contributed to miscarriage, thyroid antibodies were measured in only 15. TSH measurement methods were described in 18 studies. Although the iodinated contrast medium used in hysterosalpingography (HSG) is stored in the body for a long time and is a risk factor for mild SCH, only one study described its potential impact on TSH levels. Nine studies, which concluded that mild SCH contributed to miscarriage, had thyroid status evaluated only after the onset of pregnancy, but not before.
CONCLUSION
TSH levels can be significantly affected by patient demographics and health history, country of origin, and fertility treatment. It is important to consider these factors while evaluating mild SCH. It remains unclear how mild SCH contributes to miscarriage.
PubMed: 32684822
DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12325 -
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical... 2020Diet plays a crucial role in cognition. Mild cognitive impairment has a high prevalence in rural elderly people. However, few studies have investigated the relationship...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Diet plays a crucial role in cognition. Mild cognitive impairment has a high prevalence in rural elderly people. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between diet and mild cognitive impairment among rural elderly people in China. The study evaluated the association between diet and the risk of mild cognitive impairment among them.
METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN
In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 1262 participants (≥65 years) living in rural Qingdao, China. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, and dietary consumption was measured using a food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations.
RESULTS
In all, 315 (25%) participants had mild cognitive impairment. The weekly frequency of food consumption was lower in the mild cognitive impairment group than in the no mild cognitive impairment group. After adjusting for covariates, compared with participants who consumed never/less than once a week, daily consumption of coarse cereals (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.44-0.91), potatoes (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34-0.87), fruits (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.35-0.69), livestock and poultry meat (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.44-0.99), eggs (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47-0.97), and nuts (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.28-0.80) was inversely associated with mild cognitive impairment (all p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Higher dietary diversity and more frequent consumption of coarse cereals, potatoes, fruits, livestock and poultry meat, eggs, and nuts were associated with a lower risk of mild cognitive impairment. Elderly people should develop healthy dietary habits to prevent or delay cognitive decline.
Topics: Aged; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Humans
PubMed: 33377382
DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202012_29(4).0023 -
Haematologica Nov 2010Hemoglobin concentrations slightly below the lower limit of normal are a common laboratory finding in the elderly, but scant evidence is available on the actual...
BACKGROUND
Hemoglobin concentrations slightly below the lower limit of normal are a common laboratory finding in the elderly, but scant evidence is available on the actual occurrence of mild anemia despite its potential effect on health. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and incidence of mild grade anemia and to assess the frequency of anemia types in the elderly.
DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a prospective, population-based study in all residents 65 years or older in Biella, Italy.
RESULTS
Blood test results were available for analysis from 8,744 elderly. Hemoglobin concentration decreased and mild anemia increased steadily with increasing age. Mild anemia (defined as a hemoglobin concentration of 10.0-11.9 g/dL in women and 10.0-12.9 g/dL in men) affected 11.8% of the elderly included in the analysis, while the estimated prevalence in the entire population was 11.1%. Before hemoglobin determination, most mildly anemic individuals perceived themselves as non-anemic. Chronic disease anemia, thalassemia trait, and renal insufficiency were the most frequent types of mild anemia. The underlying cause of mild anemia remained unexplained in 26.4% of the cases, almost one third of which might be accounted for by myelodysplastic syndromes. In a random sample of non-anemic elderly at baseline (n=529), after about 2 years, the annual incidence rate of mild anemia was 22.5 per 1000 person-years and increased with increasing age.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence and incidence of mild anemia increase with age and mild anemia affects more than one out of ten elderly individuals. Unexplained anemia is common and may be due to myelodysplastic syndromes in some cases.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anemia; Chronic Disease; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Incidence; Italy; Male; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Quantitative Trait Loci; Renal Insufficiency; Thalassemia
PubMed: 20534701
DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.023101 -
Asian Journal of Neurosurgery 2020The world population is aging. As direct consequence, geriatric trauma is increasing both in absolute number and in the proportion of annual admissions causing a... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The world population is aging. As direct consequence, geriatric trauma is increasing both in absolute number and in the proportion of annual admissions causing a challenge for the health-care system worldwide. The aim of this review is to delineate the specific and practice rules for the management of mild brain trauma in the elderly.
METHODS
Systematic review of the last 15 years literature on mild traumatic brain injury (nTBI) in elderly patients.
RESULTS
A total of 68 articles ml eligibility criteria and were selected for the systematic review. We collected 29% high-quality studies and 71% low-quality studies.
CONCLUSION
Clinical advices for a comprehensive management are provided. Current outcome data from mTBIs in the elderly show a condition that cannot be sustained in the future by families, society, and health-care systems. There is a strong need for more research on geriatric mild brain trauma addressed to prevent falls, to reduce the impact of polypharmacy, and to define specific management strategies.
PubMed: 33708648
DOI: 10.4103/ajns.AJNS_205_20 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is characterized by a range of symptoms in which host immune response have been associated with disease...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is characterized by a range of symptoms in which host immune response have been associated with disease progression. However, the putative role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in determining COVID-19 outcomes has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we compared peripheral Tregs between volunteers not previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 (healthy control [HC]) and volunteers who recovered from mild (Mild Recovered) and severe (Severe Recovered) COVID-19. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 synthetic peptides (Pool Spike CoV-2 and Pool CoV-2) or staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Results of a multicolor flow cytometric assay showed higher Treg frequency and expression of IL-10, IL-17, perforin, granzyme B, PD-1, and CD39/CD73 co-expression in Treg among the PBMC from the Mild Recovered group than in the Severe Recovered or HC groups for certain SARS-CoV-2 related stimulus. Moreover, Mild Recovered unstimulated samples presented a higher Tregs frequency and expression of IL-10 and granzyme B than did that of HC. Compared with Pool CoV-2 stimuli, Pool Spike CoV-2 reduced IL-10 expression and improved PD-1 expression in Tregs from volunteers in the Mild Recovered group. Interestingly, Pool Spike CoV-2 elicited a decrease in Treg IL-17 frequency in the Severe Recovered group. In HC, the expression of latency-associated peptide (LAP) and cytotoxic granule co-expression by Tregs was higher in Pool CoV-2 stimulated samples. While Pool Spike CoV-2 stimulation reduced the frequency of IL-10 and CTLA-4 Tregs in PBMC from volunteers in the Mild Recovered group who had not experienced certain symptoms, higher levels of perforin and perforingranzyme B co-expression by Tregs were found in the Mild Recovered group in volunteers who had experienced dyspnea. Finally, we found differential expression of CD39 and CD73 among volunteers in the Mild Recovered group between those who had and had not experienced musculoskeletal pain. Collectively, our study suggests that changes in the immunosuppressive repertoire of Tregs can influence the development of a distinct COVID-19 clinical profile, revealing that a possible modulation of Tregs exists among volunteers of the Mild Recovered group between those who did and did not develop certain symptoms, leading to mild disease.
Topics: Humans; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; COVID-19; Interleukin-10; Granzymes; Interleukin-17; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Perforin; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 36969257
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1078922 -
Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive... 2020Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia have received much attention due to their high prevalence and their significant implications. NPS in mild cognitive... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia have received much attention due to their high prevalence and their significant implications. NPS in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a clinical concept proposed as an intermediate state between normal aging and dementia, is now gradually gaining in interest. We aimed to conduct a selective review to examine the prevalence rate of NPS in MCI and associations of NPS symptoms with disease progression.
SUMMARY
We searched the PubMed database for articles on NPS in MCI and included articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. NPS was present in 35-85% of MCI patients. The most common symptoms were depression, irritability, apathy, anxiety, agitation, and sleep problems. Although the associated risk for disease progression of some symptoms, such as apathy and anxiety, was more consistent across studies, evidence was conflicting for symptoms like depression and sleep problems. NPS tend to co-occur, and certain combinations of NPS had a mutual or cumulative effect on disease progression. Late-onset NPS, even in a mild form (mild behavioural impairment) were found to be associated with an increased risk of dementia, even in the absence of cognitive impairment. Key Messages: NPS are highly prevalent in MCI patients and associated with subsequent cognitive deterioration. Late-onset NPS should raise suspicions of neurodegeneration. Future studies with improvised methodology are required to understand the interrelations of NPS and the role they play in the prognosis for patients with MCI.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Anxiety; Apathy; Cognitive Dysfunction; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Prevalence
PubMed: 32289790
DOI: 10.1159/000507078 -
Journal of Physical Therapy Science May 2022[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the changes in blood pressure due to mild hyperbaric oxygen at 1.3 atmospheres absolute with approximately 30% oxygen....
[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the changes in blood pressure due to mild hyperbaric oxygen at 1.3 atmospheres absolute with approximately 30% oxygen. [Participants and Methods] Ten healthy adults participated in two trials: the control (1 atmosphere absolute with 20.9% oxygen) and the mild hyperbaric oxygen (1.3 atmospheres absolute with approximately 30% oxygen) trials. All participants were exposed to either the control or mild hyperbaric oxygen conditions in a chamber for 45 min on each experiment day. [Results] A lower heart rate and higher peripheral oxygen saturation were observed after exposure in the mild hyperbaric oxygen trial than those in the control trial. After exposure, the change in ratios from the premeasurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the mild hyperbaric oxygen trial was more than that in the control trial, despite no change in the absolute blood pressure values between the two groups during the exposure. [Conclusion] This is the first study to reveal that mild hyperbaric oxygen exposure might be a control method for chronic hypotension. In addition, these results suggest that people with hypertension might require some attention when using mild hyperbaric oxygen.
PubMed: 35527838
DOI: 10.1589/jpts.34.360 -
Medicine Nov 2023To investigate the clinical characteristics, early blood biochemical indicators, and prognostic status of children with bronchopneumonia. We conducted a retrospective...
To investigate the clinical characteristics, early blood biochemical indicators, and prognostic status of children with bronchopneumonia. We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 500 children diagnosed with bronchopneumonia at our hospital from June 2019 to December 2022. Based on the severity of the disease, patients were assigned to the severe group (n = 180) or mild group (n = 320), and an additional 150 healthy children were chosen as the control group. Blood indicators [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), plasma carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP), serum potassium (K+), serum sodium (Na+)], inflammatory markers [interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-10 (IL-10), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT)], and cardiac enzyme profiles [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB)] were compared among the 3 groups. The severe group showed more signs such as diarrhea, pleural effusion, and respiratory distress than the mild group. AST levels in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the mild group and control group, while CO2CP, K+, and Na+ were lower than those in the mild group and control group. AST levels in the mild group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while CO2CP and Na + were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < .05). IL-10, IL-17, PCT, and CRP levels in the severe group were higher than those in the mild group and control group, while those in the mild group were higher than those in the control group (P < .05). CK, CK-MB, LDH, and α-HBDH levels in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the mild group and control group. CK, CK-MB, LDH, and α-HBDH levels in the mild group were higher than those in the control group (P < .05). The severe group had a longer duration of fever, disappearance of symptoms, and cough relief time than the mild group (P < .05). Children with bronchopneumonia exhibit increased cardiac enzyme (CK, CK-MB, LDH, and α-HBDH) activity, and PCT and CRP expression levels increase with disease severity. Timely detection of relevant blood biochemical indicators and early implementation of prevention and treatment measures can improve the cure rate and reduce mortality in children with bronchopneumonia.
Topics: Humans; Child; Prognosis; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-17; Retrospective Studies; Bronchopneumonia; Creatine Kinase, MB Form; Creatine Kinase
PubMed: 38013276
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036162 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI), often referred to as concussion, is the most common form of TBI and affects millions of people each year. A history of mild TBI... (Review)
Review
Mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI), often referred to as concussion, is the most common form of TBI and affects millions of people each year. A history of mild TBI increases the risk of developing emotional and neurocognitive disorders later in life that can impact on day to day living. These include anxiety and depression, as well as neurodegenerative conditions such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Actions of brain resident or peripherally recruited immune cells are proposed to be key regulators across these diseases and mood disorders. Here, we will assess the impact of mild TBI on brain and patient health, and evaluate the recent evidence for immune cell involvement in its pathogenesis.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Anxiety; Brain; Brain Injuries, Traumatic; Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy; Depression; Humans; Immune System; Inflammation; Microglia; Neuroimmunomodulation; Risk
PubMed: 33679762
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620698