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BMC Health Services Research Sep 2016The public health policy agenda oriented towards healthy ageing becomes the highest priority for the European countries. The article discusses the healthy ageing concept... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The public health policy agenda oriented towards healthy ageing becomes the highest priority for the European countries. The article discusses the healthy ageing concept and its possible determinants with an aim to identify behavioral patterns related to healthy ageing in selected European countries.
METHODS
The healthy ageing is assessed based on a composite indicator of self-assessed health, functional capabilities and life meaningfulness. The logistic regression models are used to assess the impact of the healthy lifestyle index, psycho-social index and socio-economic status on the probability of healthy ageing (i.e. being healthy at older age). The lifestyle and psychosocial indexes are created as a sum of behaviors that might be important for healthy ageing. Models are analyzed for three age groups of older people: 60-67, 68-79 and 80+ as well as for three groups of countries representing Western, Southern and Central-Eastern Europe.
RESULTS
The lifestyle index covering vigorous and moderate physical activity, consumption of vegetables and fruits, regular consumption of meals and adequate consumption of liquids is positively related to healthy ageing, increasing the likelihood of being healthy at older age with each of the items specified in the index. The score of the index is found to be significantly higher (on average by 1 point for men and 1.1 for women) for individuals ageing healthily. The psychosocial index covering employment, outdoor social participation, indoor activities and life satisfaction is also found to be significantly related to health increasing the likelihood of healthy ageing with each point of the index score. There is an educational gradient in healthy ageing in the population below the age of 68 and in Southern and Central-Eastern European countries. In Western European countries, income is positively related to healthy ageing for females.
CONCLUSIONS
Stimulation physical activity and adequate nutrition are crucial domains for a well-defined public health policy oriented towards healthy ageing. The psychosocial elements related to social participation, engagement, networking and life satisfaction are also found to be health beneficial.
Topics: Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Diet, Healthy; Employment; Europe; Europe, Eastern; Exercise; Female; Fruit; Health Policy; Health Services for the Aged; Healthy Lifestyle; Humans; Income; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Public Policy; Vegetables
PubMed: 27609315
DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1520-5 -
BioMed Research International 2022The COVID-19 pandemic has made dentists very assiduous about cross-infection during dental treatment, thereby delaying dental radiographs for treatment. However,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The COVID-19 pandemic has made dentists very assiduous about cross-infection during dental treatment, thereby delaying dental radiographs for treatment. However, patients needing dental emergency treatment in the ongoing pandemic require relevant intra/extraoral dental radiography for adequate diagnosis and treatment planning.
METHODS
This article is aimed at adding to the hot debate: Is delay for intraoral radiographs justified or a possible proxy? As a narrative review, it provides an insight into the reasons for delaying intra-oral dental radiographs during in the pandemic and options of the nontraditional radiographic techniques available until the pandemic subsides. . Cross-contamination concerns through respiratory droplets grow while using intraoral film holders that stimulate gag reflex, coughing, saliva secretion, and if proper disinfection protocols are not applied. Since the patients' acquiring emergency dental treatment cannot be neglected, the return-to-work guidelines by the health regulatory bodies urge to prioritize extraoral radiographic imaging techniques to curb the infection, offering the best diagnostic efficacy. The dental professionals can consider cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and sectional dental panoramic radiographs (SDPRs), followed by a risk assessment for COVID-19, a safer modality in reducing cross-contamination and assuring an innocuous environment for both patient and coworkers.
Topics: COVID-19; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Humans; Pandemics; Patient Care Planning; Radiography, Dental; Radiography, Dental, Digital; Radiography, Panoramic; Time-to-Treatment
PubMed: 35036440
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8432856 -
BMC Public Health Jul 2017The food environment has been implicated as an underlying contributor to the global obesity epidemic. However, few studies have evaluated the relationship between the...
BACKGROUND
The food environment has been implicated as an underlying contributor to the global obesity epidemic. However, few studies have evaluated the relationship between the food environment, dietary intake, and overweight/obesity in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim of this study was to assess the association of full service and fast food restaurant density with dietary intake and overweight/obesity in Delhi, India.
METHODS
Data are from a cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in Delhi. Using multilevel cluster random sampling, 5364 participants were selected from 134 census enumeration blocks (CEBs). Geographic information system data were available for 131 CEBs (n = 5264) from a field survey conducted using hand-held global positioning system devices. The number of full service and fast food restaurants within a 1-km buffer of CEBs was recorded by trained staff using ArcGIS software, and participants were assigned to tertiles of full service and fast food restaurant density based on their resident CEB. Height and weight were measured using standardized procedures and overweight/obesity was defined as a BMI ≥25 kg/m.
RESULTS
The most common full service and fast food restaurants were Indian savory restaurants (57.2%) and Indian sweet shops (25.8%). Only 14.1% of full service and fast food restaurants were Western style. After adjustment for age, household income, education, and tobacco and alcohol use, participants in the highest tertile of full service and fast food restaurant density were less likely to consume fruit and more likely to consume refined grains compared to participants in the lowest tertile (both p < 0.05). In unadjusted logistic regression models, participants in the highest versus lowest tertile of full service and fast food restaurant density were significantly more likely to be overweight/obese: odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.44 (1.24, 1.67). After adjustment for age, household income, and education, the effect was attenuated: 1.08 (0.92, 1.26). Results were consistent with further adjustment for tobacco and alcohol use, moderate physical activity, and owning a bicycle or motorized vehicle.
CONCLUSIONS
Most full service and fast food restaurants were Indian, suggesting that the nutrition transition in this megacity may be better characterized by the large number of unhealthy Indian food outlets rather than the Western food outlets. Full service and fast food restaurant density in the residence area of adults in Delhi, India, was associated with poor dietary intake. It was also positively associated with overweight/obesity, but this was largely explained by socioeconomic status. Further research is needed exploring these associations prospectively and in other LMICs.
Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Environment; Fast Foods; Female; Geographic Information Systems; Humans; India; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Odds Ratio; Overweight; Residence Characteristics; Restaurants; Social Class; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 28724371
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4598-8 -
La Medicina Del Lavoro Oct 2017Italy is the European country with the highest number of citizens over the age of sixty. In recent years, the unsustainability of the social security system has forced... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Italy is the European country with the highest number of citizens over the age of sixty. In recent years, the unsustainability of the social security system has forced the Italian government to raise the retirement age and reduce the chances of early exit, thus sharply increasing the age of the workforce. Consequently, a significant proportion of older workers are currently obliged to do jobs that were designed for young people. Systematic health promotion intervention for older workers is therefore essential.
OBJECTIVES
The European Pro Health 65+ project aims at selecting and validating best practices for successful/active aging. In this context we set out to review workplace health promotion projects carried out in Italy.
METHODS
To ascertain examples of workplace health promotion for older workers (WHPOW), we carried out a review of the scientific and grey literature together with a survey of companies.
RESULTS
We detected 102 WHPOW research studies conducted in conjunction with supranational organizations, public institutions, companies, social partners, NGOs and educational institutions. The main objectives of the WHPOW were to improve the work environment, the qualifications of older workers and attitudes towards the elderly, and, in many cases, also to improve work organization.
CONCLUSIONS
The best way to promote effective WHPOW interventions is by disseminating awareness of best practices and correct methods of analysis. Our study suggests ways of enhancing WHPOW at both a national and European level.
Topics: Aged; Health Promotion; Humans; Italy; Occupational Health; Workplace
PubMed: 29084131
DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v108i5.6229 -
Cancers Mar 2023Small molecule protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) have become an effective strategy for cancer patients. However, hepatotoxicity is a major safety concern of these drugs,... (Review)
Review
Small molecule protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) have become an effective strategy for cancer patients. However, hepatotoxicity is a major safety concern of these drugs, since the majority are reported to increase transaminases, and few of them (Idelalisib, Lapatinib, Pazopanib, Pexidartinib, Ponatinib, Regorafenib, Sunitinib) have a boxed label warning. The exact rate of PKI-induced hepatoxicity is not well defined due to the fact that the majority of data arise from pre-registration or registration trials on fairly selected patients, and the post-marketing data are often based only on the most severe described cases, whereas most real practice studies do not include drug-related hepatotoxicity as an end point. Although these side effects are usually reversible by dose adjustment or therapy suspension, or by switching to an alternative PKI, and fatality is uncommon, all patients undergoing PKIs should be carefully pre-evaluated and monitored. The management of this complication requires an individually tailored reappraisal of the risk/benefit ratio, especially in patients who are responding to therapy. This review reports the currently available data on the risk and management of hepatotoxicity of all the approved PKIs.
PubMed: 36980652
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061766 -
Journal of Oral Biology and... 2020Oral health is an integral part of general health. There are many oral health issues which are of concern to India, despite having the maximum number of dental schools...
Oral health is an integral part of general health. There are many oral health issues which are of concern to India, despite having the maximum number of dental schools in the world. Dental caries, oral cancers and periodontal diseases are areas of national oral health concern. India lacks baseline data to know the exact prevalence of oral diseases, which is the first requirement to frame any national policies or manpower allocation. India is a vast country, nations within a nation, with great diversity in eating and behavioural practices. With a population of 1.21 billion and 68.84% of population residing in villages, the strategies need to be customised based on the population subgroup. Low level of awareness, strained and skewed infrastructure and resources, lack of motivation and research and oral health policies are some major factors that need to be tackled. This paper would attempt to highlight the oral health concerns of India, lacunae in the current system and possible strategies to address these issues.
PubMed: 32489817
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.04.011 -
Autoimmunity Feb 2012Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a rare and acquired autoimmune subepidermal bullous disease of skin and mucosa. EBA includes various distinct clinical... (Review)
Review
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a rare and acquired autoimmune subepidermal bullous disease of skin and mucosa. EBA includes various distinct clinical manifestations resembling genetic dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB), Bullous pemphigus, Brunsting-Perry pemphigoid, or cicatricial pemphigoid. These patients have autoantibodies against type VII collagen (C7), an integral component of anchoring fibrils (AFs), which are responsible for attaching the dermis to the epidermis. Destruction or perturbation of the normal functioning AFs clinically results in skin fragility, blisters, erosions, scars, milia, and nail loss, all features reminiscent of genetic dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. These anti-C7 antibodies are "pathogenic" because when injected into a mouse, the mouse develops an EBA-like blistering disease. Currently, treatment is often unsatisfactory; however, some success has been achieved with colchicine, dapsone, photopheresis, plasmapheresis, infliximab, rituximab, and IVIG.
Topics: Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Autoimmunity; Collagen Type VII; Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita; Humans
PubMed: 21955050
DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2011.606450 -
Journal of Psychiatric and Mental... Dec 2022WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: The phenomenon of child killing (neonaticide, infanticide or filicide) is a rare event that cannot be fully explained by a single... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: The phenomenon of child killing (neonaticide, infanticide or filicide) is a rare event that cannot be fully explained by a single construct as each case involves the unique life circumstances of each woman who committed the act(s). WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: The majority of women who committed neonaticide, infanticide or filicide regretted the act and regretted not seeking help from family and healthcare professionals. Women who committed neonaticide, infanticide or filicide in the main had complex circumstances characterised by poverty, abusive relationships, poor family and social support or over reliance on family supports and mental health issues. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Women require a clear plan of what to do if they feel overwhelmed with caring for a baby or child. Healthcare professionals involved with women in the perinatal period need to explore further women's expressions of "not being ready to be a mother" which for some women may be pathological and require further assessment. Women need to be made aware of the support service pathways available to them during the perinatal period and beyond. Further research is needed to explore and learn from women's experiences to reduce child homicide mortality and support women and their families.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Meaning and personal experiences of the acts of neonaticide, infanticide and filicide have rarely been investigated from the perspectives of the women who committed those acts.
AIMS
To identify and synthesise evidence on the perspectives of women directly involved in the complex phenomena of neonaticide, infanticide or filicide from the evidence available on their unique point of view and how these experiences have affected women's lives. To understand how the experiences and perceptions of women who engaged in child killing present similarities or differences according to the child's age at time of death.
METHODS
Qualitative primary studies published in English were included if they explored the experiences of women who engaged in neonaticide, infanticide or filicide. Methodological quality was assessed using the qualitative Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. A thematic analysis framework guided the synthesis.
RESULTS
Seven papers reporting on five studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. Three analytical themes were identified: Not ready to be a mother; Intentionality and premeditation in the context of trauma and mental health issues; Sorrow of regret.
DISCUSSION
The majority of women who committed neonaticide, infanticide or filicide had complex psychological, social and personal circumstances and in the main regretted the act and regretted not seeking help from family and healthcare professionals. Healthcare professionals in contact with women during the perinatal period and beyond need to be aware of the profiles of vulnerable women and undertake holistic integrated assessments to identify the woman's personal context, changes in interpersonal relationships, social isolation or over reliance on family supports and changes in mental health status or new onset of mental health conditions.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Women require a clear plan of what to do if they feel overwhelmed with caring for a baby or child. Healthcare professionals involved with women in the perinatal period need to explore further women's expressions of "not being ready to be a mother" which for some women might be pathological and require further assessment. Women need to be made aware of the support services pathways available to them during the perinatal period and beyond. Further research is needed to explore and learn from women's experiences of each of the phenomena separately to reduce child homicide mortality and support women and their families.
Topics: Infant; Child; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Infanticide; Homicide; Mothers; Qualitative Research; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 35255182
DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12828 -
Dermatology Online Journal Aug 2009A 61-year-old-man presented with a sudden onset of multiple, hyperpigmented papules with a central punctum on the face, chest, upper back, and arms. Histopathologic...
A 61-year-old-man presented with a sudden onset of multiple, hyperpigmented papules with a central punctum on the face, chest, upper back, and arms. Histopathologic examination showed infundibular cysts. These findings are consistent with a diagnosis of multiple eruptive milia, which is a rare disorder that is characterized by the sudden development of crops of milia over weeks to months. They are more extensive in number and distribution than they are in primary milia. Milia may present spontaneously without a known cause, as part of an inherited familial condition, or as part of a genodermatosis. The etiologies are uncertain, and treatment options are varied.
Topics: Cysts; Humans; Keratosis; Male; Middle Aged; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 19891928
DOI: No ID Found -
Danish Medical Journal May 2014Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is an uncommon hereditary condition caused by mutations in the PTCH1 gene causing a wide range of developmental abnormalities. Multiple basal cell...
INTRODUCTION
Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is an uncommon hereditary condition caused by mutations in the PTCH1 gene causing a wide range of developmental abnormalities. Multiple basal cell carcinomas, palmoplantar pits and jaw cysts are cardinal features. Many clinicians are unfamiliar with the different manifestations and the fact that patients are especially sensitive to ionizing radiation.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This was a retrospective analysis of patients with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome seen at the Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre or at Department of Plastic Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Denmark, in the period from 1994 to 2013.
RESULTS
A total of 17 patients from eight families fulfilled the diagnostic criteria. In all, 14 patients had basal cell carcinomas, 12 patients had jaw cysts and ten patients had calcification of the falx cerebri. Other clinical features were frontal bossing, kyphoscoliosis, rib anomalies, coalitio, cleft lip/palate, eye anomalies, milia and syndactyly. In one family, medulloblastoma and astrocytoma occurred. Traditional treatment principles of basal cell carcinomas were used including radiotherapy performed in six patients. PTCH1 mutations were identified in five families and none of these mutations had previously been described.
CONCLUSION
The patient cohort illustrates classic and rare disease manifestations. It is necessary to remind clinicians that radiation therapy in Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is relatively contraindicated. Today, mutation analysis can be used for confirmation of the diagnosis and for predictive genetic testing. Patients should be offered genetic counselling and life-long surveillance.
FUNDING
not relevant.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
not relevant.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome; Calcinosis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Frameshift Mutation; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Patched Receptors; Patched-1 Receptor; Pedigree; Receptors, Cell Surface; Retrospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms; Spinal Cord; Young Adult
PubMed: 24814739
DOI: No ID Found