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Transactions of the American... 2004To determine if low doses of topical latrunculin B (LAT-B) will increase outflow facility and decrease intraocular pressure (IOP) without adversely affecting the cornea,...
PURPOSE
To determine if low doses of topical latrunculin B (LAT-B) will increase outflow facility and decrease intraocular pressure (IOP) without adversely affecting the cornea, and inhibit miotic and accommodative responses to pilocarpine, in ocular normotensive monkeys.
METHODS
Intraocular pressure was measured by Goldmann tonometry before and after one and nine dose(s) of 0.005% and 0.01% topical LAT-B/vehicle given twice daily on successive weeks. Outflow facility was then measured by perfusion following 15 doses. Central corneal thickness was measured by ultrasonic pachymetry before and after one and nine dose(s) of 0.01% LAT-B/vehicle. Pupillary diameter (calipers) and accommodation (refractometry) before and after one dose of 0.005% and 0.02% LAT-B were determined.
RESULTS
LAT-B dose-dependently decreased IOP, multiple doses more than a single dose. Maximal hypotension after one dose was 2.5 +/- 0.3 mm Hg (0.005% LAT-B; n = 8; P < .001) or 2.7 +/- 0.6 mm Hg (0.01% LAT-B; n = 8; P < .005); maximal hypotension after nine doses was 3.2 +/- 0.5 mm Hg (0.005% LAT-B; n = 8; P < .001) or 4.4 +/- 0.6 mm Hg (0.01% LAT-B; n = 8; P < .001). Outflow facility was increased by 75 +/- 13% (n = 7; P < .005). Central corneal thickness was not changed after one or nine dose(s) of 0.01% LAT-B. The miotic and accommodative responses to intramuscular pilocarpine were dose-dependently inhibited. At 0.02% LAT-B, the inhibition of miosis was essentially complete when compared with the pre-LAT-B value, whereas the inhibition of accommodation was only about 25%. At 0.005% LAT-B, the effects were trivial.
CONCLUSIONS
In ocular normotensive monkeys, 0.005/0.01% LAT-B administered topically increases outflow facility and/or decreases IOP, but does not affect the cornea. Multiple doses reduce IOP more than a single dose. LAT-B dose-dependently relaxes the iris sphincter and ciliary muscle, with some separation of the miotic and accommodative effects.
Topics: Accommodation, Ocular; Administration, Topical; Animals; Anterior Eye Segment; Aqueous Humor; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Cornea; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Intraocular Pressure; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Meiosis; Miotics; Pilocarpine; Pupil; Thiazoles; Thiazolidines
PubMed: 15747763
DOI: No ID Found -
Anaesthesia Apr 1983
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Diazepam; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Laryngismus; Middle Aged; Physostigmine
PubMed: 6846776
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1983.tb10480.x -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Oct 1970
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Humans; Hydroquinones; Miotics; Mydriatics; Phenylephrine; Pupil
PubMed: 4394336
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.54.10.690 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Jan 1974
Review
Topics: Cyclopentanes; Glaucoma; Gonioscopy; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Iris; Moxisylyte; Phenylephrine; Pilocarpine; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Pupil
PubMed: 4276441
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.58.1.41 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia 2008The term plateau iris was first coined in 1958 to describe the iris configuration of a patient. Two years later the concept of plateau iris was published. In 1977, the... (Review)
Review
The term plateau iris was first coined in 1958 to describe the iris configuration of a patient. Two years later the concept of plateau iris was published. In 1977, the plateau iris configuration was classically defined as presurgical changes of an eye with a relative normal central anterior chamber depth, flat iris by conventional biomicroscopy, but displaying an extremely narrow or closed angle on gonioscopic examination. On the other hand, the plateau iris syndrome was defined as an acute glaucoma crisis in one eye with a relative normal central anterior chamber depth and patent iridotomy on direct examination, presenting angle closure confirmed by gonioscopic examination after mydriasis. In 1992, the anatomic aspects of plateau iris were studied using ultrasound biomicroscopy. Finally, plateau iris has been considered an anatomic variant of iris structure in which the iris periphery angulates sharply forward from its insertion point and then again angulates sharply and centrally backward, along with an anterior positioning of the ciliary processes seen on ultrasound biomicroscopy. The clinical treatment of plateau iris syndrome is carried out with topical use of pilocarpine. However, the definitive treatment should be fulfilled by performing an argon laser peripheral iridoplasty.
Topics: Gonioscopy; Humans; Iris Diseases; Laser Therapy; Microscopy, Acoustic; Miotics; Pilocarpine; Syndrome
PubMed: 19039479
DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27492008000500029 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Oct 1977
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pilocarpine; Uveitis, Anterior
PubMed: 566256
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Pilocarpine; Presbyopia; Accommodation, Ocular; Lens, Crystalline
PubMed: 36588262
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1901_22 -
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Jan 2022
Topics: Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Muscarinic Antagonists; Physostigmine
PubMed: 34784063
DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15121 -
Current Alzheimer Research Feb 2009
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Biomedical Research; Clinical Trials as Topic; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation; Drug Industry; Humans; Observer Variation; Physostigmine; Selection Bias
PubMed: 19199878
DOI: 10.2174/156720509787313871 -
American Family Physician Apr 1999Medication classes historically used in the management of glaucoma include beta blockers, miotics, sympathomimetics and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Because topically... (Review)
Review
Medication classes historically used in the management of glaucoma include beta blockers, miotics, sympathomimetics and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Because topically applied medications are more site specific, they are preferred in the treatment of glaucoma. Compared with oral medications, topical agents are associated with a decreased incidence of systemic side effects. With topical administration, conjunctival and localized skin allergic reactions are relatively common, whereas severe reactions, including death, are rare. Recently introduced topical agents for glaucoma therapy include dorzolamide and brinzolamide, the first topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors; brimonidine and apraclonidine, more ocular-specific alpha agonists; and latanoprost, a prostaglandin analog, which is a new class of glaucoma medication. Latanoprost has the unique side effect of increasing iris pigmentation. Like their predecessors, the newer agents lower intraocular pressure by a statistically significant degree. Preservation of visual field, the more substantial patient-oriented end point, continues to be studied.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Family Practice; Glaucoma; Humans; Miotics; Patient Education as Topic; Prostaglandins, Synthetic; Sympathomimetics; Teaching Materials
PubMed: 10208706
DOI: No ID Found