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Proceedings of the Royal Society of... Jun 1969
Topics: Adult; Foot Diseases; Humans; Male; Mitosporic Fungi; Mycetoma
PubMed: 5816746
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2011The presence of filamentous fungi in drinking water has become an area worthy of investigation with various studies now being published. The problems associated with... (Review)
Review
The presence of filamentous fungi in drinking water has become an area worthy of investigation with various studies now being published. The problems associated with fungi include blockage of water pipes, organoleptic deterioration, pathogenic fungi and mycotoxins. Fungal biofilm formation is a less developed field of study. This paper updates the topic and introduces novel methods on fungal biofilm analysis, particularly from work based in Brazil. Further recommendations for standard methodology are provided.
Topics: Biofilms; Mitosporic Fungi; Water Microbiology; Water Pollution; Water Supply
PubMed: 21556196
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8020456 -
Tropical Biomedicine Sep 2019An investigation was undertaken for screening and isolating nematophagous-fungi from the faecal samples of various grazing animals and soils in Malaysia. Total of 111...
An investigation was undertaken for screening and isolating nematophagous-fungi from the faecal samples of various grazing animals and soils in Malaysia. Total of 111 faeces and 50 soil samples were collected and the samples were cultured on 2% water agar plates. The growth of nematophagous-fungi was stimulated by sprinkling-baiting technique. The conidia of suspected nematophagous-fungi were inoculated on 2% water agar plates. All isolated were maintained on 2% cornmeal agar plates. Verticillium spp., Fusarium spp. and Arthrobotrys spp. were identified from the faecal and soil samples. 62.5% of the faecal samples and 100% of the soil samples were shown to be positive with nematophagous-fungi. This study highlights the present of nematophagous-fungi population in faecal and soil samples. Much study remains to be done to better understanding some fungi especially their mode of action and their predatory behaviour against parasitic nematodes.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Deer; Feces; Goats; Horses; Malaysia; Mitosporic Fungi; Nematoda; Pest Control, Biological; Soil; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 33597490
DOI: No ID Found -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Jan 2007Microarray studies have examined global gene expression in over 20 species of filamentous fungi encompassing a wide variety of research areas. The majority have... (Review)
Review
Microarray studies have examined global gene expression in over 20 species of filamentous fungi encompassing a wide variety of research areas. The majority have addressed aspects of metabolism or pathogenicity. Metabolic studies have revealed important differences in the transcriptional regulation of genes for primary metabolic pathways between filamentous fungi and yeast. Transcriptional profiles for genes involved in secondary metabolism have also been established. Genes required for the biosynthesis of both useful and detrimental secondary metabolites have been identified. Due to the economic, ecological and medical implications, it is not surprising that many studies have used microarray analysis to examine gene expression in pathogenic filamentous fungi. Genes involved in various stages of pathogenicity have been identified, including those thought to be important for adaptation to the host environment. While most of the studies have simulated pathogenic conditions in vitro, a small number have also reported fungal gene expression within their plant hosts. This review summarizes the first 50 microarray studies in filamentous fungi and highlights areas for future investigation.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Biotechnology; Gene Expression; Microarray Analysis; Mitosporic Fungi; Virulence
PubMed: 17185530
DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2006/002592-0 -
Mycopathologia 2008Melanin pigments are substances produced by a broad variety of pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and helminths. Microbes predominantly produce... (Review)
Review
Melanin pigments are substances produced by a broad variety of pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and helminths. Microbes predominantly produce melanin pigment via tyrosinases, laccases, catecholases, and the polyketide synthase pathway. In fungi, melanin is deposited in the cell wall and cytoplasm, and melanin particles ("ghosts") can be isolated from these fungi that have the same size and shape of the original cells. Melanin has been reported in several human pathogenic dimorphic fungi including Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenckii, Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Coccidioides posadasii. Melanization appears to contribute to virulence by reducing the susceptibility of melanized fungi to host defense mechanisms and antifungal drugs.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Melanins; Mitosporic Fungi; Mycoses; Paracoccidioides; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 18777637
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-007-9061-4 -
FEMS Microbiology Reviews Jul 2011Research on freshwater fungi has concentrated on their role in plant litter decomposition in streams. Higher fungi dominate over bacteria in terms of biomass, production... (Review)
Review
Research on freshwater fungi has concentrated on their role in plant litter decomposition in streams. Higher fungi dominate over bacteria in terms of biomass, production and enzymatic substrate degradation. Microscopy-based studies suggest the prevalence of aquatic hyphomycetes, characterized by tetraradiate or sigmoid spores. Molecular studies have consistently demonstrated the presence of other fungal groups, whose contributions to decomposition are largely unknown. Molecular methods will allow quantification of these and other microorganisms. The ability of aquatic hyphomycetes to withstand or mitigate anthropogenic stresses is becoming increasingly important. Metal avoidance and tolerance in freshwater fungi implicate a sophisticated network of mechanisms involving external and intracellular detoxification. Examining adaptive responses under metal stress will unravel the dynamics of biochemical processes and their ecological consequences. Freshwater fungi can metabolize organic xenobiotics. For many such compounds, terrestrial fungal activity is characterized by cometabolic biotransformations involving initial attack by intracellular and extracellular oxidative enzymes, further metabolization of the primary oxidation products via conjugate formation and a considerable versatility as to the range of metabolized pollutants. The same capabilities occur in freshwater fungi. This suggests a largely ignored role of these organisms in attenuating pollutant loads in freshwaters and their potential use in environmental biotechnology.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Biodiversity; Biomass; Ecology; Environment; Eutrophication; Food Chain; Fresh Water; Mitosporic Fungi; Spores, Fungal; Stress, Physiological; Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants
PubMed: 21276025
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00266.x -
Current Biology : CB Sep 2006Three common systemic human fungal pathogens--Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus--have retained all the machinery to engage in sexual... (Review)
Review
Three common systemic human fungal pathogens--Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus--have retained all the machinery to engage in sexual reproduction, and yet their populations are often clonal with limited evidence for recombination. Striking parallels have emerged with four protozoan parasites that infect humans: Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Plasmodium falciparum. Limiting sexual reproduction appears to be a common virulence strategy, enabling generation of clonal populations well adapted to host and environmental niches, yet retaining the ability to engage in sexual or parasexual reproduction and respond to selective pressure. Continued investigation of the sexual nature of microbial pathogens should facilitate both laboratory investigation and an understanding of the complex interplay between pathogens, hosts, vectors, and their environments.
Topics: Animals; Aspergillus fumigatus; Biological Evolution; Candida albicans; Cryptococcus neoformans; Eukaryota; Humans; Mitosporic Fungi; Phytophthora; Plasmodium falciparum; Reproduction, Asexual; Sex; Toxoplasma; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosoma cruzi
PubMed: 16950098
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.064 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Dec 2006Yeast and filamentous fungi are important model organisms in microbody research. The value of these organisms as models for higher eukaryotes is underscored by the... (Review)
Review
Yeast and filamentous fungi are important model organisms in microbody research. The value of these organisms as models for higher eukaryotes is underscored by the observation that the principles of various aspects of microbody biology are strongly conserved from lower to higher eukaryotes. This has allowed to resolve various peroxisome-related functions, including peroxisome biogenesis disorders in man. This paper summarizes the major advances in microbody research using fungal systems and specifies specific properties and advantages/disadvantages of the major model organisms currently in use.
Topics: Mitosporic Fungi; Models, Biological; Peroxisomes; Yeasts
PubMed: 17050005
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.09.014 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Jul 2002The incidence of invasive fungal infections has increased dramatically in recent decades, especially among immunocompromised patients. However, the diagnosis of these... (Review)
Review
The incidence of invasive fungal infections has increased dramatically in recent decades, especially among immunocompromised patients. However, the diagnosis of these infections in a timely fashion is often very difficult. Conventional microbiologic and histopathologic approaches generally are neither sensitive nor specific, and they often do not detect invasive fungal infection until late in the course of disease. Since early diagnosis may guide appropriate treatment and prevent mortality, there has been considerable interest in developing nonculture approaches to diagnosing fungal infections. These approaches include detection of specific host immune responses to fungal antigens, detection of specific macromolecular antigens using immunologic reagents, amplification and detection of specific fungal nucleic acid sequences, and detection and quantitation of specific fungal metabolite products. This work reviews the current status and recent developments as well as problems in the design of nonculture diagnostic methods for invasive fungal infections.
Topics: Antibodies, Fungal; Antigens, Fungal; DNA, Fungal; Humans; Mitosporic Fungi; Mycological Typing Techniques; Mycoses
PubMed: 12097252
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.15.3.465-484.2002 -
British Medical Journal Apr 1973
Topics: Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Cross Infection; Humans; Male; Mitosporic Fungi; Skin
PubMed: 4573314
DOI: No ID Found