Did you mean: mitsuokella multocida
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PloS One 2018Dysbiosis in the gut microbiome has been implicated in several diseases including auto-immune diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancers and mental disorders. Keratitis is...
Dysbiosis in the gut microbiome has been implicated in several diseases including auto-immune diseases, inflammatory diseases, cancers and mental disorders. Keratitis is an inflammatory disease of the eye significantly contributing to corneal blindness in the developing world. It would be worthwhile to investigate the possibility of dysbiosis in the gut microbiome being associated with Keratitis. Here, we have analyzed fungal and bacterial populations in stool samples through high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2 region for fungi and V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene for bacteria in healthy controls (HC, n = 31) and patients with fungal keratitis (FK, n = 32). Candida albicans (2 OTUs), Aspergillus (1 OTU) and 3 other denovo-OTUs were enriched in FK samples and an unclassified denovo-OTU was enriched in HC samples. However, the overall abundances of these 'discriminatory' OTUs were very low (< 0.001%) and not indicative of significant dysbiosis in the fungal community inhabiting the gut of FK patients. In contrast, the gut bacterial richness and diversity in FK patients was significantly decreased when compared to HC. 52 OTUs were significantly enriched in HC samples whereas only 5 OTUs in FK. The OTUs prominently enriched in HC were identified as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Lachnospira, Mitsuokella multacida, Bacteroides plebeius, Megasphaera and Lachnospiraceae. In FK samples, 5 OTUs affiliated to Bacteroides fragilis, Dorea, Treponema, Fusobacteriaceae, and Acidimicrobiales were significantly higher in abundance. The functional implications are that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, an anti-inflammatory bacterium and Megasphaera, Mitsuokella multacida and Lachnospira are butyrate producers, which were enriched in HC patients, whereas Treponema and Bacteroides fragilis, which are pathogenic were abundant in FK patients, playing a potential pro-inflammatory role. Heatmap, PCoA plots and functional profiles further confirm the distinct patterns of gut bacterial composition in FK and HC samples. Our study demonstrates dysbiosis in the gut bacterial microbiomes of FK patients compared to HC. Further, based on inferred functions, it appears that dysbiosis in the gut of FK subjects is strongly associated with the disease phenotype with decrease in abundance of beneficial bacteria and increase in abundance of pro-inflammatory and pathogenic bacteria.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Keratitis; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Mycoses; Young Adult
PubMed: 29933394
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199640 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2021Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) is probably one of more effective antidiabetic agents in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, the...
BACKGROUNDS
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) is probably one of more effective antidiabetic agents in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). However, the heterogenicity in responses to GLP-1 RA may be potentially related to gut microbiota, although no human evidence has been published. This pilot study aims to identify microbial signatures associated with glycemic responses to GLP-1 RA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Microbial compositions of 52 patients with T2D receiving GLP-1 RA were determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Bacterial biodiversity was compared between responders versus non-responders. Pearson's correlation and random forest tree algorithm were used to identify microbial features of glycemic responses in T2D patients and multivariable linear regression models were used to validate clinical relevance.
RESULTS
Beta diversity significantly differed between GLP-1 RA responders ( = 34) and non-responders ( = 18) (ADONIS, = 0.004). The top 17 features associated with glycohemoglobin reduction had a 0.96 diagnostic ability, based on area under the ROC curve: and , the two microbes having immunomodulation effects, along with sp. and sp., were positively correlated with glycemic reduction; , the microbe related to insulin resistance, together with sp., Bacteroidales sp., sp., , , spp., , sp., and had negative correlation. Furthermore, , sp. and were significant after adjusting for baseline glycohemoglobin and C-peptide concentrations, two clinical confounders.
CONCLUSIONS
Unique gut microbial signatures are associated with glycemic responses to GLP-RA treatment and reflect degrees of dysbiosis in T2D patients.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Humans; Pilot Projects; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35095773
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.814770 -
International Journal of Microbiology 2011The objective of this study was to assess the importance of select cultured and uncultured bacteria in the rumen by quantifying their populations and the effect of diets...
The objective of this study was to assess the importance of select cultured and uncultured bacteria in the rumen by quantifying their populations and the effect of diets and ruminal fractions. Full-length 16S rRNA gene (rrs) sequences were recovered from rumen samples using specific primers designed from partial sequences recovered previously. Five uncultured bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were quantified using specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) in fractionated ruminal samples from sheep fed either hay alone or hay plus corn. Species Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Selenomonas ruminantium, and Mitsuokella multacida and genera Butyrivibrio and Prevotella were also quantified as comparison. The full-length rrs sequence improved taxonomic assignments of partial rrs sequences. Genus Prevotella had the greatest abundance. Of the three major cultured cellulolytic species, R. flavefaciens was most abundant, followed by R. albus and F. succinogenes. The five uncultured bacterial OTUs, classified to genus Acetivibrio, genus Allobaculum, family Ruminococcaceae, order Clostridiales, or class Clostridia, had abundance comparable to that of the above species of genera except Prevotella. Corn supplementation and fractions affected distribution of the rumen bacteria, but to a limited extent. When compared to the qPCR data, sequence frequencies in the rrs clone libraries tended to overestimate the abundance of the bacteria represented. This study showed that abundance and population dynamics of uncultured bacteria can be quantified by specific qPCR, which complements the results of rrs clone libraries. This study also revealed that some uncultured bacteria might be as important as some of the well-characterized bacteria in the rumen. The approach used should be applicable to assess the abundance and potential importance of uncultured bacteria in other environments.
PubMed: 21822435
DOI: 10.1155/2011/750613 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Oct 2017-Inositol phosphates (IPs) are important bioactive molecules that have multiple activities within eukaryotic cells, including well-known roles as second messengers and...
-Inositol phosphates (IPs) are important bioactive molecules that have multiple activities within eukaryotic cells, including well-known roles as second messengers and cofactors that help regulate diverse biochemical processes such as transcription and hormone receptor activity. Despite the typical absence of IPs in prokaryotes, many of these organisms express IPases (or phytases) that dephosphorylate IPs. Functionally, these enzymes participate in phosphate-scavenging pathways and in plant pathogenesis. Here, we determined the X-ray crystallographic structures of two catalytically inactive mutants of protein-tyrosine phosphatase-like -inositol phosphatases (PTPLPs) from the non-pathogenic bacteria (PhyAsr) and (PhyAmm) in complex with the known eukaryotic second messengers Ins(1,3,4,5)P and Ins(1,4,5)P Both enzymes bound these less-phosphorylated IPs in a catalytically competent manner, suggesting that IP hydrolysis has a role in plant pathogenesis. The less-phosphorylated IP binding differed in both the -inositol ring position and orientation when compared with a previously determined complex structure in the presence of -inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaphosphate (InsP or phytate). Further, we have demonstrated that PhyAsr and PhyAmm have different specificities for Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P, have identified structural features that account for this difference, and have shown that the absence of these features results in a broad specificity toward Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P These features are main-chain conformational differences in loops adjacent to the active site that include the extended loop prior to the penultimate helix, the extended Ω-loop, and a β-hairpin turn of the Phy-specific domain.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Crystallography, X-Ray; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; Inositol Phosphates; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Second Messenger Systems; Selenomonas; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 28848052
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M117.787853 -
Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2023The development of metabolic diseases is linked to the gut microbiota. A cross-sectional study involving 45 children (6 to 12 years old) was conducted to investigate...
The development of metabolic diseases is linked to the gut microbiota. A cross-sectional study involving 45 children (6 to 12 years old) was conducted to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and childhood obesity. Anthropometric and metabolic measurements, food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs), and feces samples were obtained. Using the body mass index (BMI) z-score, we categorized each participant as normal weight (NW), or overweight and obese (OWOB). We determined 2 dietary profiles: one with complex carbohydrates and proteins (pattern 1), and the other with saturated fat and simple carbohydrates (pattern 2). The microbial taxonomic diversity and metabolic capacity were determined using shotgun metagenomics. We found differences between both BMI groups diversity. Taxa contributing to this difference, included sp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, , Monoglobus pectinilyticus, , Intestinibacter bartlettii, Bacteroides intestinalis, Bacteroides uniformis, and Methanobrevibacter smithii. Metabolic capacity differences found between NW and OWOB, included the amino acid biosynthesis pathway, the cofactor, carrier, and vitamin biosynthesis pathway, the nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthesis and degradation pathways, the carbohydrate-sugar degradation pathway, and the amine and polyamine biosynthesis pathway. We found significant associations between taxa such as , , Klebsiella variicola, and spp., metabolic pathways with the anthropometric, metabolic, and dietary data. We also found the microbiome's lipooligosaccharide (LOS) category as differentially abundant between BMI groups. Metabolic variations emerge during childhood as a result of complex nutritional and microbial interactions, which should be explained in order to prevent metabolic illnesses in adolescence and maturity. The alteration of gut microbiome composition has been commonly observed in diseases involving inflammation, such as obesity and metabolic impairment. Inflammatory host response in the gut can be a consequence of dietary driven dysbiosis. This response is conducive to blooms of particular bacterial species, adequate to survive in an inflammatory environment by means of genetical capability of utilizing alternative nutrients. Understanding the genomic and metabolic contribution of microbiota to inflammation, including virulence factor prevalence and functional potential, will contribute to identifying modifiable early life exposures and preventive strategies associated with obesity risk in childhood.
PubMed: 36786619
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03382-22