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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Mar 1990The protein and antigenic profiles of the American Type Culture Collection type strains of Mobiluncus species and those of 114 clinical isolates were determined by...
The protein and antigenic profiles of the American Type Culture Collection type strains of Mobiluncus species and those of 114 clinical isolates were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis and immunoblotting with homologous polyvalent antisera. The majority of isolates (82%) possessed characteristic protein profiles and could be identified to the species level by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. The major protein bands were also antigenic, and some antigenic cross-reactivity was noted between the two Mobiluncus species. All of the isolates were examined for reactivity with a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies previously prepared against the type strains. While 56 of 60 clinical isolates of Mobiluncus curtisii (93%) reacted with one or more of the monoclonal antibodies, only 23 of 54 clinical isolates which were identified as Mobiluncus mulieris by biochemical methods (48%) reacted with one or more of the monoclonal antibodies. One of the 4 M. curtisii isolates (25%) and 11 of the 31 M. mulieris isolates (35%) which did not react with the monoclonal antibodies also had atypical protein profiles. These results demonstrate a high degree of heterogeneity in the protein and antigenic profiles of Mobiluncus isolates and suggest that further taxonomic division may be appropriate.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibody Specificity; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Cross Reactions; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Epitopes; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunoblotting; Male; Rabbits; Species Specificity; Vaginitis
PubMed: 1691207
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.28.3.463-468.1990 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021To evaluate the association between the early pregnancy vaginal microbiome and spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) and early term birth (sETB) among African American women.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association between the early pregnancy vaginal microbiome and spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) and early term birth (sETB) among African American women.
METHODS
Vaginal samples collected in early pregnancy (8-14 weeks' gestation) from 436 women enrolled in the Emory University African American Vaginal, Oral, and Gut Microbiome in Pregnancy Study underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region, taxonomic classification, and community state type (CST) assignment. We compared vaginal CST and abundance of taxa for women whose pregnancy ended in sPTB (N = 44) or sETB (N= 84) to those who delivered full term (N = 231).
RESULTS
Nearly half of the women had a vaginal microbiome classified as CST IV (Diverse CST), while one-third had CST III ( dominated) and just 16% had CST I, II, or V (non-iners dominated). Compared to vaginal CST I, II, or V (non-iners dominated), both CST III ( dominated) and CST IV (Diverse) were associated with sPTB with an adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of 4.1 (1.1, infinity) and 7.7 (2.2, infinity), respectively, in multivariate logistic regression. In contrast, no vaginal CST was associated with sETB. The linear decomposition model (LDM) based on amplicon sequence variant (ASV) relative abundance found a significant overall effect of the vaginal microbiome on sPTB (p=0.034) but not sETB (p=0.320), whereas the LDM based on presence/absence of ASV found no overall effect on sPTB (p=0.328) but a significant effect on sETB (p=0.030). In testing for ASV-specific effects, the LDM found that no ASV was significantly associated with sPTB considering either relative abundance or presence/absence data after controlling for multiple comparisons (FDR 10%), although in marginal analysis the relative abundance of (p=0.011), non-iners (p=0.016), and (p=0.035) and the presence of (p=0.049), BVAB2 (p=0.024), (p=0.011), and (p=0.044) were associated with sPTB. The LDM identified the higher abundance of 7 ASVs and the presence of 13 ASVs, all commonly residents of the gut, as associated with sETB at FDR < 10%.
CONCLUSIONS
In this cohort of African American women, an early pregnancy vaginal CST III or IV was associated with an increased risk of sPTB but not sETB. The relative abundance and presence of distinct taxa within the early pregnancy vaginal microbiome was associated with either sPTB or sETB.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Black or African American; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Microbiota; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Prevotella; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Term Birth; Vagina
PubMed: 33996627
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.641005 -
American Journal of Translational... 2021To investigate the associations between Vaginal Pathogenic Community with Bacterial vaginosis, Candida vaginitis, and Trichomonas vaginalis in Chinese women.
BACKGROUND
To investigate the associations between Vaginal Pathogenic Community with Bacterial vaginosis, Candida vaginitis, and Trichomonas vaginalis in Chinese women.
METHOD
In this experiment, ten BV, nine VVC, eight TV patients, and four non-infected healthy women were recruited. The vaginal samples were collected from the vaginal orifice, the middle of the vagina, and vaginal fornix from every participant and conducted with next-generation sequencing (NGS). The NGS was based upon the analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes by using the Illumina Miseq system.
RESULTS
No significant difference in microbiome community structures was observed for the three sampling sites from the same subject. Compared with the healthy population, patients with BV and TV showed more diverse symptoms and had a lower amount of but a higher number of BV-related bacteria like , and . On the contrary, the species composition of the VVC group is relatively simple, which has a significantly high abundance of . Eight genera, including , and , were closely correlated with BV. Among vaginal pathogenic bacteria, and were more common, with higher copy numbers in the TV group.
CONCLUSIONS
The data outlined the overall structure of vaginal communities, indicating that BV and TV were touching related to a sharp increase in the rich taxonomy and diversity of vaginal microbiota. VVC group presented a lower variety, with a significantly high abundance of .
PubMed: 34306475
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Feb 2018Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by the depletion of Lactobacillus spp. population and increase of other species, especially Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium...
INTRODUCTION
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by the depletion of Lactobacillus spp. population and increase of other species, especially Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae. This study aimed to investigate the vaginal microbiota structure of Brazilian women with and without BV according to Nugent Score and to assess the correlation among Nugent score and the quantification of BV-associated bacteria.
METHODOLOGY
Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) assay was employed to characterize the vaginal microbiota structure. Quantification of Lactobacillus spp., G. vaginalis, A. vaginae, Mobiluncus sp. and M. hominis were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).
RESULTS
Clustering by PCR-DGGE revealed differences in microbial structure of the different patient groups. Gardnerella vaginalis, A. vaginae, M. hominis and Mobiluncus sp. were detected at high loads in BV-associated microbiota. Quantification of Lactobacillus spp. showed an inverse correlation with Nugent score while the loads of G. vaginalis, A. vaginae, M. hominis and Mobiluncus sp. indicated a direct correlation with this method.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite Nugent score is considered the gold standard for BV diagnosis, qPCR stands out as a useful tool for bacteria quantification and an alternative for BV diagnosis. Vaginal microbiota is a complex microbial community although there is a common core among BV and non-BV women. Investigation of vaginal microbiota structure may contribute to the development of tools for diagnosis improvement and therapeutic regimen optimization.
PubMed: 31825915
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.9532 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 1988Members of the genus Mobiluncus are anaerobic motile curved rods which are associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the ATCC type... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Members of the genus Mobiluncus are anaerobic motile curved rods which are associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the ATCC type strains of M. curtisii subsp. curtisii, M. curtisii subsp. holmesii, and M. mulieris were produced and characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay. Four MAbs were subspecies specific and reacted with M. curtisii subsp. curtisii but not with M. curtisii subsp. holmesii; four were specific for M. mulieris. The remaining antibodies demonstrated some cross-reactivity: three were species specific and reacted with both subspecies of M. curtisii, and one defined an epitope shared by M. curtisii subsp. holmesii and M. mulieris but not by M. curtisii subsp. curtisii. None of the MAbs reacted with a panel of other bacteria commonly present in the vaginas of normal women or women with BV. Examination of the molecular specificities of the antibodies by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting revealed four antibodies which were specific for an 82,000-dalton molecule of M. curtisii subsp. curtisii and five antibodies which bound a major band of M. mulieris at 93,000 daltons. Selected MAbs reacted in the indirect immunofluorescence assay with 24 of 25 Mobiluncus spp. clinical isolates from local women with BV and could be used for direct detection of Mobiluncus spp. in vaginal fluid from a patient with BV.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Cross Reactions; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Hybridomas; Vagina; Vaginitis
PubMed: 3068252
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.26.12.2598-2603.1988 -
Anaerobe Oct 2017Secnidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole with a longer half-life, is structurally related to metronidazole and tinidazole. For treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV), secnidazole... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Secnidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole with a longer half-life, is structurally related to metronidazole and tinidazole. For treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV), secnidazole is a suitable single-dose oral drug having a longer serum half-life than metronidazole. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of vaginal isolates of facultative and anaerobic bacteria to secnidazole, metronidazole, tinidazole and clindamycin. A total of 605 unique BV-related bacteria and 108 isolates of lactobacilli recovered from the human vagina of US women during the years 2009-2015 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by the agar dilution CLSI reference method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC (μg/mL) for secnidazole was similar to metronidazole and tinidazole for Anaerococcus tetradius (secnidazole: MIC 2; metronidazole: MIC 2; tinidazole: MIC 4), Atopobium vaginae (32; >128; 128), Bacteroides species (2; 2; 2), Finegoldia magna (2; 2; 4), Gardnerella vaginalis (128; 64; 32), Mageeibacillus indolicus (2; 2; 2), Megasphaera-like bacteria (0.5; 0.25; 0.5), Mobiluncus curtisii (128; >128; >128) and Mobiluncus mulieris (>128; >128; >128), Peptoniphilus lacrimalis (4; 4; 4) and Peptoniphilus harei (2; 2; 4), Porphyromonas species (0.25; 0.5; 0.25), Prevotella bivia (8; 8; 8), Prevotella amnii (2; 1; 2) and Prevotella timonensis (2; 2; 2). In this evaluation, 14 (40%) of 35 P. bivia, 5 (14%) of 35 P. amnii and 21 (58%) of 36 P. timonensis isolates were resistant to clindamycin with MIC values of >128 μg/mL. Secnidazole, like metronidazole, was superior to clindamycin for Prevotella spp., Bacteroides spp., Peptoniphilus spp., Anaerococcus tetradius and Finegoldia magna. Clindamycin had greater activity against Atopobium vaginae, Gardnerella vaginalis and Mobiluncus spp. compared to the nitroimidazoles. All 27 Lactobacillus crispatus, 26 (96%) of 27 L. jensenii, 5 (19%) of 27 L. gasseri and 18 (67%) of 27 L. iners isolates were susceptible to clindamycin (MIC ≤2) while the MIC for all lactobacilli tested was >128 μg/mL for secnidazole, metronidazole and tinidazole. Secnidazole has similar in vitro activity against the range of microorganisms associated with BV compared to metronidazole or tinidazole. Further, secnidazole spares lactobacilli, a characteristic which is desirable in drugs used to treat bacterial vaginosis.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azoles; Bacteria; Clindamycin; Female; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; United States; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 28522362
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.05.005 -
PloS One 2012Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiotas are associated with reproductive health and STI resistance in women, whereas altered microbiotas are associated with...
Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiotas are associated with reproductive health and STI resistance in women, whereas altered microbiotas are associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV), STI risk and poor reproductive outcomes. Putative vaginal taxa have been observed in male first-catch urine, urethral swab and coronal sulcus (CS) specimens but the significance of these observations is unclear. We used 16 S rRNA sequencing to characterize the microbiota of the CS and urine collected from 18 adolescent men over three consecutive months. CS microbiotas of most participants were more stable than their urine microbiotas and the composition of CS microbiotas were strongly influenced by circumcision. BV-associated taxa, including Atopobium, Megasphaera, Mobiluncus, Prevotella and Gemella, were detected in CS specimens from sexually experienced and inexperienced participants. In contrast, urine primarily contained taxa that were not abundant in CS specimens. Lactobacilllus and Streptococcus were major urine taxa but their abundance was inversely correlated. In contrast, Sneathia, Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma were only found in urine from sexually active participants. Thus, the CS and urine support stable and distinct bacterial communities. Finally, our results suggest that the penis and the urethra can be colonized by a variety of BV-associated taxa and that some of these colonizations result from partnered sexual activity.
Topics: Adolescent; Bacteria; Circumcision, Male; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Metagenome; Penis; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sexual Partners; Urethra; Urine; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 22606251
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036298 -
BMC Microbiology May 2009The microflora of the penile skin-lined neovagina in male-to-female transsexuals is a recently created microbial niche which thus far has been characterized only to a...
BACKGROUND
The microflora of the penile skin-lined neovagina in male-to-female transsexuals is a recently created microbial niche which thus far has been characterized only to a very limited extent. Yet the knowledge of this microflora can be considered as essential to the follow-up of transsexual women. The primary objective of this study was to map the neo-vaginal microflora in a group of 50 transsexual women for whom a neovagina was constructed by means of the inverted penile skin flap technique. Secondary objectives were to describe possible correlations of this microflora with multiple patients' characteristics, such as sexual orientation, the incidence of vaginal irritation and malodorous vaginal discharge.
RESULTS
Based on Gram stain the majority of smears revealed a mixed microflora that had some similarity with bacterial vaginosis (BV) microflora and that contained various amounts of cocci, polymorphous Gram-negative and Gram-positive rods, often with fusiform and comma-shaped rods, and sometimes even with spirochetes. Candida cells were not seen in any of the smears. On average 8.6 species were cultured per woman. The species most often found were: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus anginosus group spp., Enterococcus faecalis, Corynebacterium sp., Mobiluncus curtisii and Bacteroides ureolyticus. Lactobacilli were found in only one of 30 women. There was no correlation between dilatation habits, having coitus, rinsing habits and malodorous vaginal discharge on the one hand and the presence of a particular species on the other. There was however a highly significant correlation between the presence of E. faecalis on the one hand and sexual orientation and coitus on the other (p = 0.003 and p = 0.027 respectively). Respectively 82%, 58% and 30% of the samples showed an amplicon after amplification with M. curtisii, Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis primer sets.
CONCLUSION
Our study is the first to describe the microflora of the penile skin-lined neovagina of transsexual women. It reveals a mixed microflora of aerobe and anaerobe species usually found either on the skin, in the intestinal microflora or in a BV microflora.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Female; Humans; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Species Specificity; Transsexualism; Vagina
PubMed: 19457233
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-102 -
Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory... Sep 1996While bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a polymicrobial syndrome, Mobiluncus spp. are the organisms most highly associated with this condition. It is possible that serum...
While bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a polymicrobial syndrome, Mobiluncus spp. are the organisms most highly associated with this condition. It is possible that serum antibody to Mobiluncus spp. could be used as a serological marker for BV. Using immunofluorescence techniques, we studied the prevalence of antibody to M. curtisii among three cohorts-pregnant women, pediatric patients, and sexually inexperienced women. The prevalence of antibody in each of these three groups was 75, 6, and 0%, respectively. Of the three pediatric patients with antibody to Mobiluncus curtisii, two were neonates, and the only class of antibody detected was immunoglobulin G. Among the cohort of pregnant women, the presence of antibody could not be correlated with a clinical history of BV. Serum antibody to M. curtisii could be a useful serological marker for BV. The lack of correlation of antibody positivity to historical information regarding BV suggests that unrecognized or undiagnosed episodes of BV may be common.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Bacterial; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Infant, Newborn; Mobiluncus; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Sexual Behavior; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 8877136
DOI: 10.1128/cdli.3.5.567-569.1996 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... Nov 2018The long-term use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) may lead to biofilm formation on the surface. The aim of this study was to perform the culture- and PCR-based detection...
Culture- and PCR-based detection of BV associated microbiological profile of the removed IUDs and correlation with the time period of IUD in place and the presence of the symptoms of genital tract infection.
OBJECTIVES
The long-term use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) may lead to biofilm formation on the surface. The aim of this study was to perform the culture- and PCR-based detection of bacteria/fungi from the biofilm of the removed IUDs with different time periods in place.
METHODS
For a 2-year period, 100 IUD users were involved in the study. In the majority of the cases, IUDs were removed because of the patients' complaints. Beside the aerobic and anaerobic culture, species-specific PCR was carried out to detect Chlamydia trachomatis Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the "signalling" bacteria of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in the biofilm removed by vortexing.
RESULTS
Sixty-eight percent of IUDs were used for more than 5 years, 32% were removed after 10 years in place. In 28% of the IUDs ≥ 3 different anaerobic species typically found in BV with or without other aerobic bacteria were found by culture method. Streptococcus agalactiae (14%) and Actinomyces spp. (18%) were also isolated frequently. The PCR detection of Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Mobiluncus spp. and Ureaplasma urealyticum were 62%, 32%, 23% and 16%, respectively. Seventy-six percent of the IUDs were PCR positive at least for one "signalling" bacterium of BV. C. trachomatis was detected by PCR only in one IUD together with other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, while the presence of N. gonorrhoeae could not be confirmed from the biofilm of these removed devices.
CONCLUSION
Sexually transmitted infections (STI)-related bacteria-except for one patient-were not detected on the IUDs removed due to different reasons including clinical symptoms of infection. Presence of any BV "signaling" anaerobic bacteria were detected in a much higher number in the biofilm of the removed IUDs by PCR-based method compared to use culture method (76 versus 28 samples). Different aerobic and anaerobic bacteria colonized an equal number of IUDs, independent of the time-period in place, which may be relevant, if the IUD is removed due to planned pregnancy or due to a fear from upper genital tract infection caused by anaerobic bacteria including Actinomyces spp.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biofilms; Female; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Middle Aged; Reproductive Tract Infections; Time Factors; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Young Adult
PubMed: 30466466
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-018-0293-6