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Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Nov 2022Intraoperative molecular imaging (IMI) has recently emerged as an important tool in the armamentarium of surgical oncologists. IMI allows real-time assessment of... (Review)
Review
Intraoperative molecular imaging (IMI) has recently emerged as an important tool in the armamentarium of surgical oncologists. IMI allows real-time assessment of oncologic resection quality, margin assessment, and occult disease detection during real-time surgery. Numerous tracers have now been developed for use in IMI-guided tissue sampling. Fluorochromes localize to the tumor by taking advantage of their disorganized capillary milieu, overexpressed receptors, or upregulated enzymes. Although fluorescent tracers can suffer from issues of autofluorescence and lack of depth penetration, these challenges are being addressed through hybrid radioactive/fluorescent tracers and new tracers that fluoresce in the near-infrared (NIR-II [wavelength > 1,000 nm]) range. IMI is already being used to treat numerous cancers, with demonstrated improvement in cancer recurrence and patient outcomes without incurring significant burden on either clinicians or patients. In this comprehensive review, we discuss history, mechanism, current oncologic applications, and future directions of IMI-guided optical biopsy.
Topics: Humans; Surgery, Computer-Assisted; Molecular Imaging; Fluorescent Dyes; Neoplasms; Optical Imaging
PubMed: 35953303
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263409 -
Current Opinion in Chemical Biology Aug 2016After more than a decade of instrument and method development, broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) micro-spectroscopy is beginning to live up to its... (Review)
Review
After more than a decade of instrument and method development, broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) micro-spectroscopy is beginning to live up to its potential as a label-free imaging modality that can rapidly generate high resolution images with full vibrational spectra at each image pixel. Presently these instruments are able to obtain quantitative, spatially resolved information on lipids from the CH stretch region of the Raman spectrum, and some instrument designs facilitate acquisition of high quality fingerprint spectra, containing information on a host of molecular species including structural proteins, nucleotides, and metabolites. While most of the existing instruments are research projects themselves, it appears that the relevant technologies are maturing so that commercially available instruments may not be too far in the future, making this remarkable imaging modality widely available.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 27400394
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.05.010 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Microglia are highly dynamic in the brain in terms of their ability to migrate, proliferate, and phagocytose over the course of an individual's life. Real-time imaging... (Review)
Review
Microglia are highly dynamic in the brain in terms of their ability to migrate, proliferate, and phagocytose over the course of an individual's life. Real-time imaging is a useful tool to examine how microglial behavior is regulated and how it affects the surrounding environment. However, microglia are sensitive to environmental stimuli, so they possibly change their state during live imaging , mainly due to surgical damage, and due to various effects associated with culture conditions. Therefore, it is difficult to perform live imaging without compromising the properties of the microglia under physiological conditions. To overcome this barrier, various experimental conditions have been developed; recently, it has become possible to perform live imaging of so-called surveillant microglia , and , although there are various limitations. Now, we can choose , or live imaging systems according to the research objective. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each experimental system and outline the physiological significance and molecular mechanisms of microglial behavior that have been elucidated by live imaging.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cell Communication; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Tracking; Cells, Cultured; Diagnostic Imaging; Gene Expression; Genes, Reporter; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Microglia; Molecular Imaging; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 33763064
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.617564 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Molecular imaging is the visual representation of biological processes that take place at the cellular or molecular level in living organisms. To date, molecular imaging... (Review)
Review
Molecular imaging is the visual representation of biological processes that take place at the cellular or molecular level in living organisms. To date, molecular imaging plays an important role in the transition from conventional medical practice to precision medicine. Among all imaging modalities, positron emission tomography (PET) has great advantages in sensitivity and the ability to obtain absolute imaging quantification after corrections for photon attenuation and scattering. Due to the ability to label a host of unique molecules of biological interest, including endogenous, naturally occurring substrates and drug-like compounds, the role of PET has been well established in the field of molecular imaging. In this article, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the development of PET radiopharmaceuticals and their clinical applications in oncology.
Topics: Radiopharmaceuticals; Positron-Emission Tomography; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 36296381
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206790 -
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2010Molecular imaging, the visualization, characterization and measurement of biological processes at the cellular, subcellular level, or even molecular level in living... (Review)
Review
Molecular imaging, the visualization, characterization and measurement of biological processes at the cellular, subcellular level, or even molecular level in living subjects, has rapidly gained importance in the dawning era of personalized medicine. Molecular imaging takes advantage of the traditional diagnostic imaging techniques and introduces molecular imaging probes to determine the expression of indicative molecular markers at different stages of diseases and disorders. As a key component of molecular imaging, molecular imaging probe must be able to specifically reach the target of interest in vivo while retaining long enough to be detected. A desirable molecular imaging probe with clinical translation potential is expected to have unique characteristics. Therefore, design and development of molecular imaging probe is frequently a challenging endeavor for medicinal chemists. This review summarizes the general principles of molecular imaging probe design and some fundamental strategies of molecular imaging probe development with a number of illustrative examples.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Molecular Probes
PubMed: 20388106
DOI: 10.2174/156802610791384225 -
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology :... Apr 2016
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 26809440
DOI: 10.1007/s12350-016-0403-9 -
Clinical Radiology Jul 2010Targeted contrast-enhanced ultrasound (molecular ultrasound) is an emerging imaging strategy that combines ultrasound technology with novel molecularly-targeted... (Review)
Review
Targeted contrast-enhanced ultrasound (molecular ultrasound) is an emerging imaging strategy that combines ultrasound technology with novel molecularly-targeted ultrasound contrast agents for assessing biological processes at the molecular level. Molecular ultrasound contrast agents are nano- or micro-sized particles that are targeted to specific molecular markers by adding high-affinity binding ligands onto the surface of the particles. Following intravenous administration, these targeted ultrasound contrast agents accumulate at tissue sites overexpressing specific molecular markers, thereby enhancing the ultrasound imaging signal. High spatial and temporal resolution, real-time imaging, non-invasiveness, relatively low costs, lack of ionising irradiation and wide availability of ultrasound systems are advantages compared to other molecular imaging modalities. In this article we review current concepts and future directions of molecular ultrasound imaging, including different classes of molecular ultrasound contrast agents, ongoing technical developments of pre-clinical and clinical ultrasound systems, the potential of molecular ultrasound for imaging different diseases at the molecular level, and the translation of molecular ultrasound into the clinic.
Topics: Contrast Media; Humans; Microbubbles; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasms; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 20541656
DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2010.02.013 -
Journal of Biomechanical Engineering Feb 2018Almost a decade ago, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) was employed by the NASA in satellite imaging applications such as remote sensing technology. This technology has since... (Review)
Review
Almost a decade ago, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) was employed by the NASA in satellite imaging applications such as remote sensing technology. This technology has since been extensively used in the exploration of minerals, agricultural purposes, water resources, and urban development needs. Due to recent advancements in optical re-construction and imaging, HSI can now be applied down to micro- and nanometer scales possibly allowing for exquisite control and analysis of single cell to complex biological systems. This short review provides a description of the working principle of the HSI technology and how HSI can be used to assist, substitute, and validate traditional imaging technologies. This is followed by a description of the use of HSI for biological analysis and medical diagnostics with emphasis on single-cell analysis using HSI.
Topics: Molecular Imaging; Single-Cell Analysis; Software
PubMed: 29211294
DOI: 10.1115/1.4038638 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Aug 2018The deep imaging capability and optical absorption contrast offered by photoacoustic imaging promote the use of this technology in clinical applications. By exploiting... (Review)
Review
The deep imaging capability and optical absorption contrast offered by photoacoustic imaging promote the use of this technology in clinical applications. By exploiting the optical absorption properties of endogenous chromophores such as hemoglobin and lipid, molecular information at a depth of a few centimeters can be unveiled. This information shows promise to reveal lesions indicating early stage of various human diseases, such as cancer and atherosclerosis. In addition, the use of exogenous contrast agents can further extend the capability of photoacoustic imaging in clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the current state of the art and applications of photoacoustic molecular probes will be critically reviewed, as well as some spearheading translational efforts that have taken place over the past 5 years. Some of the most critical barriers to clinical translation of this novel technology will be discussed, and some thoughts will be given on future endeavors and pathways.
Topics: Contrast Media; Female; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Photoacoustic Techniques; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 29853650
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.201459 -
SLAS Discovery : Advancing Life... Oct 2021
Topics: Computational Biology; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Humans; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 34543135
DOI: 10.1177/24725552211042299