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Poultry Science Sep 1987Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of monensin feeding and withdrawal on broiler performance and carcass characteristics. It was shown that monensin... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of monensin feeding and withdrawal on broiler performance and carcass characteristics. It was shown that monensin (100 ppm) feeding depressed growth. Withdrawal of monensin from the feed for 5 or 7 days produced higher feed consumption and weight gain values compared with those of unmedicated broilers. Increasing the withdrawal period to 10 days did not produce greater growth improvement. Whole body composition of protein, water, lipid, and ash were not significantly affected by monensin feeding or withdrawal. Abdominal fat pads of unmedicated female broilers were significantly larger than those of broilers medicated with monensin even when expressed as a percentage of body weight (3.53 vs. 2.99%). Amount of lipid per fat pad was also higher in unmedicated broilers than in medicated broilers (43.5 vs. 30.6 g). Values for fat pad weight (as a percentage of body weight) and grams of lipid per fat pad of unmedicated birds were not different from those measures in medicated birds after 5 or 7 days of withdrawal. Fat pad weights and lipids per fat pad of birds after 10 days of monensin withdrawal were intermediate between those of unmedicated and monensin-medicated broilers. Monensin feeding or its withdrawal for 5 or 10 days did not influence the female broiler abdominal fat pad lipid fatty acid composition when compared with that of unmedicated fat pad lipid.
Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Composition; Body Weight; Chickens; Female; Male; Monensin; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 3684870
DOI: 10.3382/ps.0661451 -
PloS One 2018The aim of this study was to test whether a combination of plant bioactive lipid compounds (also termed 'essential oils') and biotin (PBLC+B) could decrease the...
Effects of a combination of plant bioactive lipid compounds and biotin compared with monensin on body condition, energy metabolism and milk performance in transition dairy cows.
The aim of this study was to test whether a combination of plant bioactive lipid compounds (also termed 'essential oils') and biotin (PBLC+B) could decrease the mobilization of body reserves and ketosis incidence in postpartum dairy cows. We compared non-supplemented control (CON) cows with cows receiving monensin (MON) as a controlled-release capsule at d -21, and with cows receiving PBLC+B from day (d) -21 before calving until calving (Phase 1) and further until d 37 after calving (Phase 2), followed by PBLC+B discontinuation from d 38 to d 58 (Phase 3). The PBLC+B cows had higher body weight and higher back fat thickness than CON cows and lesser body weight change than MON and CON cows in Phase 3. Body condition score was not different among groups. Milk protein concentration tended to be higher on the first herd test day in PBLC+B vs. CON cows. Milk fat concentration tended to be highest in PBLC+B cows throughout Phases 2 and 3, with significantly higher values in PBLC+B vs. MON cows on the second herd test day. Yields of energy-corrected milk were higher in PBLC+B vs. CON and MON cows in Phase 2 and higher in PBLC+B and MON cows vs. CON cows in Phase 3. The incidence of subclinical ketosis was 83%, 61% and 50% in CON, PBLC+B and MON cows, respectively, with lower mean β-hydroxybutyrate values in MON than in PBLC+B cows in Phase 1 prepartum. The serum triglyceride concentration was higher in PBLC+B vs. CON cows on d 37. No differences were observed in serum glucose, urea, non-esterified fatty acids, cholesterol and bilirubin concentrations. Aspartate transaminase and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase but not glutamate dehydrogenase activities tended to be highest in MON and lowest in PBLC+B in Phase 2. We conclude that PBLC+B prevent body weight loss after parturition and are associated with similar ketosis incidence and partly higher yields of energy-corrected milk compared to MON supplementation of dairy cows.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Biotin; Blood Chemical Analysis; Body Weight; Cattle; Dairying; Drug Interactions; Energy Metabolism; Female; Ketosis; Lactation; Lipids; Milk; Monensin; Plants
PubMed: 29584764
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193685 -
Journal of Animal Science Apr 2018The objective of this study was to determine if feeding monensin would improve diet digestion, energy and nitrogen balance in bred heifers receiving a limit-fed corn...
The objective of this study was to determine if feeding monensin would improve diet digestion, energy and nitrogen balance in bred heifers receiving a limit-fed corn stalk-based diet. Sixteen pregnant Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) III composite heifers were used in a 161-d completely randomized design. Heifers were randomly assigned to one of two treatments, no monensin (CON) or 150 mg/d monensin (MON), with eight heifers in each treatment group. Heifers were limit-fed a corn stalk-based diet at 100% of MEm requirements. Effects of monensin on energy and nitrogen balance were determined via total fecal and urine collections and open-circuit respiration calorimetry. Total fecal and urine collection occurred on d 14, 42, and 161 of monensin feeding, and calorimetry measurements were made on d 0, 3, 14, 28, 42, and 161 of monensin feeding. DMI was not different (P = 0.94) for CON and MON heifers and, by design, increased (P < 0.01) from d 14 to d 161 of the trial to account for increasing fetal growth requirements. No differences (P = 0.91) in GE intake were observed between CON and MON heifers, and DE and ME intakes did not differ (P > 0.58) with monensin inclusion. DM, OM, NDF, and ADF digestion did not differ (P > 0.52) between treatments. Fecal, methane, urinary, and heat energy losses were not different (P > 0.16) for MON and CON heifers. Methane production was not different between treatments when expressed as daily liters of methane (P = 0.40); however, MON heifers produced 7% less (P = 0.03) methane per day than CON heifers when expressed as liters of methane produced on a metabolic body weight (MBW) basis. Furthermore, monensin had no effect (P = 0.36) on overall retained energy (RE). Nitrogen intake and excretion was not different (P > 0.13) between treatment groups. Results of this experiment indicate that adding monensin to limit-fed, corn stalk-based diets may not have a large effect on the energy and nitrogen balance of confined heifers.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Diet; Digestion; Eating; Energy Metabolism; Feces; Female; Methane; Monensin; Nitrogen; Nutrients; Pregnancy; Random Allocation; Zea mays
PubMed: 29617807
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx030 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Apr 2015Monensin is a carrier of cations through lipid membranes capable of exchanging sodium (potassium) cations for protons by an electroneutral mechanism, whereas its ethyl...
Monensin is a carrier of cations through lipid membranes capable of exchanging sodium (potassium) cations for protons by an electroneutral mechanism, whereas its ethyl ester derivative ethyl-monensin is supposed to transport sodium (potassium) cations in an electrogenic manner. To elucidate mechanistic details of the ionophoric activity, ion fluxes mediated by monensin and ethyl-monensin were measured on planar bilayer lipid membranes, liposomes, and mitochondria. In particular, generation of membrane potential on liposomes was studied via the measurements of rhodamine 6G uptake by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. In mitochondria, swelling experiments were expounded by the additional measurements of respiration, membrane potential, and matrix pH. It can be concluded that both monensin and ethyl-monensin can perform nonelectrogenic exchange of potassium (sodium) ions for protons and serve as electrogenic potassium ion carriers similar to valinomycin. The results obtained are in line with the predictions based on the crystal structures of the monensin complexes with sodium ions and protons (Huczyński et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1818 (2012) pp. 2108-2119). The functional activity observed for artificial membranes and mitochondria can be applied to explain the activity of ionophores in living systems. It can also be important for studying the antitumor activity of monensin.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Respiration; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Exchange; Ionophores; Kinetics; Lipid Bilayers; Liposomes; Membrane Lipids; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Membranes, Artificial; Mitochondria, Liver; Mitochondrial Membranes; Mitochondrial Swelling; Monensin; Nigericin; Phospholipids; Potassium; Proton Ionophores; Protons; Rats; Sodium; Valinomycin
PubMed: 25600660
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.01.005 -
Journal of Animal Science Jul 2018Because enteric methane (CH4) production from ruminants represents a source of greenhouse gas emissions and an energy loss for the host animal alternatives to minimize...
Because enteric methane (CH4) production from ruminants represents a source of greenhouse gas emissions and an energy loss for the host animal alternatives to minimize emissions is a current research priority. Seven 37-d trials tested the effect of encapsulated nitrate (EN) and sodium monensin (MON) in diets commonly fed to dairy (DAIRY; 50:50 forage to concentrate; four trials) and beef cattle (BEEF; 15:85 forage to concentrate; three trials) on rumen fermentation and CH4 production using a semi-continuous fermentation system. A 3 × 2 factorial arrangement was used and additives (0, 1.25, and 2.5% of EN; 0 and 4 mg/L of MON) were tested alone and combined (EN + MON) totaling six treatments. Rumen fluid was pooled from five nonadapted lactating cows fed 50:50 forage to concentrate diet 3 h after morning feeding, and 1 L of processed inoculum was transferred to 2.2-L vessels. Treatment diets were added to nylon bags which remained in the anaerobic fermentation of mixed rumen microorganisms for 48 h. Nitrate decreased CH4 production in DAIRY (24.7 vs. 32.1 mM/d; P < 0.01) and BEEF trials (33.5 vs. 43.5 mM/d; P < 0.01). Methane production was decreased by MON in DAIRY (26.3 vs. 32.1; P < 0.01) and BEEF (26.6 vs. 43.5 mM/d; P < 0.01). The combination of EN + MON further decreased CH4 in DAIRY (21.3 vs. 32.1 mM/d; P = 0.03) and BEEF (19.3 vs. 43.5 mM/d; P = 0.01). Nitrate did not affect major VFA production in DAIRY and BEEF trials, but significantly decreased digestion of protein (96.8 vs. 97.6%; P < 0.01) and starch (79.0 vs. 80.4%; P < 0.01) in DAIRY and NDF (29.3 vs. 32.5%; P < 0.01) and starch (88.5 vs. 90.3%; P < 0.01) in BEEF. Monensin significantly affected VFA pattern with an increase in propionate (P < 0.01) and a decrease on acetate (P < 0.01) production with consequent decrease on acetate-to-propionate ratio in DAIRY (1.6 vs. 2.0; P < 0.01) and BEEF (1.6 vs. 1.9; P < 0.01). Monensin decreased NDF digestion in BEEF only (29.3 vs. 32.5 %; P < 0.01). Significant concentrations of nitrate and nitrite were detected only for EN and EN + MON (P < 0.01). Nitrate and MON effectively decreased CH4 production when fed separately and the combination of additives additively decreased CH4 production.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Diet; Digestion; Female; Fermentation; Lactation; Methane; Monensin; Nitrates; Rumen; Starch
PubMed: 29800454
DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky211 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2022Dysregulation of ion flux across membranes and glutamate-induced excitotoxicity appear to be important pathophysiologic abnormalities in bipolar illness. Understanding...
Dysregulation of ion flux across membranes and glutamate-induced excitotoxicity appear to be important pathophysiologic abnormalities in bipolar illness. Understanding ion control and responses to ionic stress is important to decipher the pathogenesis of this disorder. Monensin alone significantly increased [Na] in ONPs from bipolar individuals (5.08 ± 0.71 vs baseline 3.13 ± 0.93, P = 0.03) and AP5 had no effect (2.0 ± 1.2 vs baseline 3.13 ± 0.93, P = 0.27). However, the combination of AP5 and monensin resulted in normalization of [Na] (3.25 ± 1.28 vs baseline 3.13 ± 0.93, P = 0.89). This effect was not observed in cells from non-bipolar individuals (monensin alone, 1.72 ± 1.10 vs baseline 2.42 ± 1.80, P = 0.25; AP5 alone, 1.37 ± 0.74 vs baseline 2.42 ± 1.80; AP5 combined with monensin, 1.53 ± 0.98 vs baseline 2.42 ± 1.80, P = 0.31). Sodium regulation is central to neuronal function and may be disturbed in patients with bipolar disorder. Monensin is an ionophore, meaning that it incorporates itself into the membrane and allows sodium to enter independent of cellular membrane proteins. While the mechanism remains obscure, the observation that the NMDA receptor antagonist, AP5, normalizes [Na] only in olfactory neuroepithelial precursors obtained from bipolar illness may provide novel insights into ion regulation in tissues from subjects with bipolar illness.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Humans; Ionophores; Ions; Monensin; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Sodium
PubMed: 35729322
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14187-w -
PloS One 2018There is growing concern about residual antibiotics and feed additives in the manure of treated animals because of the effects of these residues in the environment....
There is growing concern about residual antibiotics and feed additives in the manure of treated animals because of the effects of these residues in the environment. Monensin is the most widely used ionophore coccidiostat in the U.S. The objective of this study was to determine the fate and effect of monensin during the anaerobic digestion of dairy manure. Duplicate plug flow field-scale digesters were operated using non-amended dairy manure and dairy manure amended with monensin to 1 and 10 mg/L for 56 days at 30°C at an organic loading rate of 1.4 kg VS/m3-d and 17-day hydraulic retention time. Results showed that monensin was reduced approximately 70% during anaerobic digestion. Methane production from digesters using manure amended with 1 mg/L monensin was comparable to that from digesters operated without added monensin. However, digesters using manure amended with 10 mg/L monensin yielded 75% less methane than digesters using manure without added monensin. These results suggest that anaerobic digestion is an effective treatment for reducing, but not eliminating, monensin in dairy manure. Monensin did not reduce methane production at concentrations expected in dairy manure at recommended dosage rates.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Animals; Cattle; Dairying; Monensin
PubMed: 29420605
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192080 -
Communications Biology May 2023Pharmacological treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a partial efficacy. Augmented Na content and water retention are observed in human cancers...
Pharmacological treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a partial efficacy. Augmented Na content and water retention are observed in human cancers and offer unexplored targets for anticancer therapies. Na levels are evaluated upon treatments with the antibiotic cation ionophore Monensin by fluorimetry, ICP-MS, Na-MRI, NMR relaxometry, confocal or time-lapse analysis related to energy production, water fluxes and cell death, employing both murine and human HCC cell lines, primary murine hepatocytes, or HCC allografts in NSG mice. Na levels of HCC cells and tissue are 8-10 times higher than that of healthy hepatocytes and livers. Monensin further increases Na levels in HCC cells and in HCC allografts but not in primary hepatocytes and in normal hepatic and extrahepatic tissue. The Na increase is associated with energy depletion, mitochondrial Na load and inhibition of O consumption. The Na increase causes an enhancement of the intracellular water lifetime and death of HCC cells, and a regression and necrosis of allograft tumors, without affecting the proliferating activity of either HCCs or healthy tissues. These observations indicate that HCC cells are, unlike healthy cells, energetically incapable of compensating and surviving a pharmacologically induced Na load, highlighting Na homeostasis as druggable target for HCC therapy.
Topics: Mice; Humans; Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Liver Neoplasms; Sodium; Monensin; Cell Line; Water
PubMed: 37248274
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04946-4 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Jun 1992Chromogranin B and secretogranin II, two members of the granin family, are known to be post-translationally modified by the addition of O-linked carbohydrates to serine...
Chromogranin B and secretogranin II, two members of the granin family, are known to be post-translationally modified by the addition of O-linked carbohydrates to serine and/or threonine, phosphate to serine and threonine, and sulfate to carbohydrate and tyrosine residues. In the present study, chromogranin B and secretogranin II were used as model proteins to investigate in which subcompartment of the Golgi complex secretory proteins become phosphorylated. Monensin, a drug known to block the transport from the medial to the trans cisternae of the Golgi stack, inhibited the phosphorylation of the granins, indicating that this modification occurred distal to the medial Golgi. Monensin also blocked the addition of galactose to O-linked carbohydrates and the sulfation of the granins, confirming previous data that these modifications take place in the trans Golgi. To distinguish, within the trans Golgi, between the trans cisternae of the Golgi stack and the trans Golgi network, we made use of the previous observation that brefeldin A results in the redistribution to the endoplasmic reticulum of membrane-bound enzymes of the trans cisternae of the Golgi stack, but not of the trans Golgi network. Brefeldin A treatment abolished granin sulfation but resulted in the accumulation of phosphorylated and galactosylated granins. Differential effects of brefeldin A on membranes of the Golgi stack versus the trans Golgi network were also observed by immunofluorescence analysis of marker proteins specific for either compartment. Our results suggest that the phosphorylation of secretory proteins, like their galactosylation, largely occurs in the trans cisternae of the Golgi stack, whereas the sulfation of secretory proteins on both carbohydrate and tyrosine residues takes place selectively in the trans Golgi network.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brefeldin A; Chromogranins; Cyclopentanes; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Golgi Apparatus; Monensin; PC12 Cells; Phosphorylation; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Proteins; Rats; Sulfuric Acids
PubMed: 1601888
DOI: No ID Found -
Poultry Science Aug 1986A series of experiments was undertaken to further investigate the influence of diet composition on chick response to monensin supplementation. Experiments were conducted... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A series of experiments was undertaken to further investigate the influence of diet composition on chick response to monensin supplementation. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of monensin on growth rate and hepatic Rb and K content as affected by dietary content of V, K, or protein. A factorial experiment involving V levels of 0, 5, 10, or 20 ppm and monensin levels of 0, 120, or 160 ppm was conducted with broiler chicks to 4 weeks of age. Growth rate was significantly depressed by 10 or 20 ppm V but not by monensin. Hepatic K content was not affected by dietary treatments. In another factorial experiment, effects of levels of 0 and 120 ppm monensin and 0 and 5 ppm V were compared. Growth rate was significantly depressed by both V and monensin but with no significant interaction. Neither hepatic Rb or K content was significantly altered by the supplements. A third factorial experiment involved monensin levels of 0, 120, or 160 ppm, added K levels of 0 or .3%, and dietary protein levels of 16 or 24%. Body weight at 3 weeks of age was significantly depressed by 160 ppm monensin in the high protein diet and by 120 or 160 ppm in the low protein diet. Added K did not counteract the growth depression. Hepatic Rb content was increased by monensin and significantly reduced by K supplementation. Hepatic K content was not increased by K supplementation. Chicks fed the low protein diet had significantly lower concentrations of hepatic Rb and K than those fed the high protein diet.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Proteins; Drug Interactions; Liver; Male; Monensin; Potassium; Rubidium; Vanadium
PubMed: 3588480
DOI: 10.3382/ps.0651591