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Scientific Reports Apr 2017The present study was performed to explore the role of galanin and galanin receptor 2 in nociceptive modulation in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of normal rats and...
The present study was performed to explore the role of galanin and galanin receptor 2 in nociceptive modulation in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of normal rats and rats with mononeuropathy. Intra-ACC injection of galanin induced significant increases in hindpaw withdrawal latencies (HWLs) to thermal and mechanical stimulations in both normal rats and rats with mononeuropathy, the increased HWLs were attenuated significantly by intra-ACC injection of galanin receptor 2 antagonist M871, indicating an involvement of galanin receptor 2 in nociceptive modulation in ACC. Interestingly, the galanin-induced HWL was significant higher in rats with mononeuropathy than that in normal rats tested by Randall Selitto test. Furthermore, both the galanin mRNA expression and galanin content increased significantly in ACC in rats with mononeuropathy than that in normal rats. Moreover, both the mRNA levels of galanin receptor 2 and the content of galanin receptor 2 in ACC increased significantly in rats with mononeuropathy than that in normal rats. These results found that galanin induced antinociception in ACC in both normal rats and rats with mononeuropathy. And there may be plastic changes in the expression of galanin and galanin receptor 2 in rats with mononeuropathy, as well as in the galanin-induced antinociception.
Topics: Animals; Galanin; Gene Expression; Gyrus Cinguli; Hindlimb; Male; Mononeuropathies; Nociception; Nociceptive Pain; Nociceptors; Pain Measurement; Peptides; Protein Precursors; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Galanin, Type 2
PubMed: 28378856
DOI: 10.1038/srep45930 -
The Journal of Hand Surgery, European... Jun 2024Neuropathic pain in the upper extremity is a serious problem, commonly involving relatively young patients. The pain causes loss of function and productivity, changes a... (Review)
Review
Neuropathic pain in the upper extremity is a serious problem, commonly involving relatively young patients. The pain causes loss of function and productivity, changes a patient's lifestyle and can progress into a chronic pain syndrome with secondary psychosocial co-morbidities. Treating patients with a painful mononeuropathy remains challenging, with a monodisciplinary approach often having limited treatment efficacy. This narrative review discusses how to deal with this challenge in the treatment of patients with peripheral nerve injury pain, addressing the four important pillars: (1) diagnosing a painful mononeuropathy; (2) clinical pain phenotyping; (3) personalized pain treatment; and (4) using a multidisciplinary team approach.
Topics: Humans; Upper Extremity; Mononeuropathies; Patient Care Team; Neuralgia; Pain Management; Pain Measurement
PubMed: 38749904
DOI: 10.1177/17531934241240389 -
European Journal of Heart Failure Mar 2020
Topics: Amyloidosis; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Early Diagnosis; Heart Failure; Humans; Prognosis
PubMed: 32069519
DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1763 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Feb 2011Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a fairly common condition in working-aged people, sometimes caused by physical occupational activities, such as repeated and forceful... (Review)
Review
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a fairly common condition in working-aged people, sometimes caused by physical occupational activities, such as repeated and forceful movements of the hand and wrist or use of hand-held, powered, vibratory tools. Symptoms may be prevented or alleviated by primary control measures at work, and some cases of disease are compensable. Following a general description of the disorder, its epidemiology and some of the difficulties surrounding diagnosis, this review focusses on the role of occupational factors in causation of CTS and factors that can mitigate risk. Areas of uncertainty, debate and research interest are emphasised where relevant.
Topics: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Humans; Occupational Diseases; Risk Factors
PubMed: 21663847
DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2011.01.014 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Sep 2019
Topics: Humans; Peroneal Neuropathies
PubMed: 31617488
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2019.0643b -
European Review For Medical and... Feb 2013Peripheral neuropathy is a well-documented disabling sequela of major burn injury. These lesions are associated with both thermal and electrical injuries that may be...
OBJECTIVES
Peripheral neuropathy is a well-documented disabling sequela of major burn injury. These lesions are associated with both thermal and electrical injuries that may be frequently undiagnosed or overlooked in clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of burn-related neuropathy in our database and to investigate the clinical correlates for both mononeuropathy and generalized peripheral polyneuropathy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Out of 648 burn patients, admitted to our clinic forty-seven burn patients with the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy were evaluated retrospectively. The demographic and clinical data collected were gender, age, degree, site and percent surface area of burn, type of burn, and the results of electrodiagnostic examination, including electromyography and nerve conduction assessments and associated pathology if existed.
RESULTS
Peripheral neuropathy is the most frequent disabling neuromuscular complication of burn, that may be undiagnosed or overlooked. In current study, peripheral neuropathy associated with burn all of our patients were identified by electrodiagnostic study. After treatment in Burn Unit, clinical and electrodiagnostic studies were applied. Motor and sensory distal latencies were prolonged and sensory nerve action potentials reduced in amplitude.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of our study have shown that polyneuropathies and axonal neuropathy were more frequent than mononeuropathy and demyelination.
Topics: Action Potentials; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Burns; Burns, Electric; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Electromyography; Evoked Potentials; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mononeuropathies; Motor Neurons; Neural Conduction; Neurologic Examination; Peripheral Nervous System; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Polyneuropathies; Predictive Value of Tests; Prevalence; Reaction Time; Retrospective Studies; Sensation; Turkey; Young Adult
PubMed: 23436672
DOI: No ID Found -
The British Journal of General Practice... Oct 2019
Topics: Humans; Piriformis Muscle Syndrome; Sciatica
PubMed: 31558515
DOI: 10.3399/bjgp19X705653 -
Hand (New York, N.Y.) Sep 2020Carpal tunnel syndrome and ulnar neuropathy are such common maladies affecting the upper extremties that they often become the default diagnosis when patients complain... (Review)
Review
Carpal tunnel syndrome and ulnar neuropathy are such common maladies affecting the upper extremties that they often become the default diagnosis when patients complain of numbness, pain, or weakness of the hands. While often correct, there are a number of other conditions that can also cause sensory or motor loss of the hands, which should be considered when appropriate, as they can mimic upper extremity entrapment syndromes. In this review, we will discuss such mimics, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, multifocal motor neuropathy, hereditary neuropathy with pressure palsies, mononeuropathy multiplex, Lewis-Sumner syndrome, brachial plexitis (Parsonage-Turner syndrome), myotonic dystrophy, inclusion body myopathy, and distal myopathy of Welander. We will discuss the clinical presentation, as well as diagnostic testing, treatment (if available), and prognosis. The objective is to provide a differential diagnosis for those patients who do not fit well clinically or respond to usual therapy for entrapment neuropathy of the upper extremities.
Topics: Brachial Plexus Neuritis; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Humans; Nerve Compression Syndromes; Ulnar Neuropathies; Upper Extremity
PubMed: 32020820
DOI: 10.1177/1558944719898801 -
The British Journal of General Practice... Apr 2001Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common disorder characterised by the classical symptoms of numbness and paraesthesiae along the distribution of the median nerve. Thenar... (Review)
Review
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common disorder characterised by the classical symptoms of numbness and paraesthesiae along the distribution of the median nerve. Thenar muscle weakness is a late manifestation of advanced disease. Tinel's and Phalen's signs are helpful in suggesting the diagnosis. The symptoms and signs arise from entrapment of the median nerve. Electrophysiological tests are helpful in confirming the diagnosis and magnetic resonance imaging may be used in the diagnosis of atypical cases. Ergonomic manoeuvers and steroid injections may alleviate symptoms in mild cases. Surgery is reserved for severe cases and those who do not respond to conservative therapy. Open carpal tunnel release is the classical surgery with usually excellent results. Endoscopic carpal tunnel release surgery was introduced to decrease the morbidity of open surgery. This latter technique also has its complications and is still being refined.
Topics: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Comorbidity; Electrophysiology; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Median Nerve; Splints; Steroids
PubMed: 11458486
DOI: No ID Found -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Dec 2007Chemokines and chemokine receptors are widely expressed by cells of the immune and nervous systems. This review focuses on our current knowledge concerning the role of... (Review)
Review
Chemokines and chemokine receptors are widely expressed by cells of the immune and nervous systems. This review focuses on our current knowledge concerning the role of chemokines in the pathophysiology of chronic pain syndromes. Injury- or disease-induced changes in the expression of diverse chemokines and their receptors have been demonstrated in the neural and nonneural elements of pain pathways. Under these circumstances, chemokines have been shown to modulate the electrical activity of neurons by multiple regulatory pathways including increases in neurotransmitter release through Ca-dependent mechanisms and transactivation of transient receptor channels. Either of these mechanisms alone, or in combination, may contribute to sustained excitability of primary afferent and secondary neurons within spinal pain pathways. Another manner in which chemokines may influence sustained neuronal excitability may be their ability to function as excitatory neurotransmitters within the peripheral and central nervous system. As is the case for traditional neurotransmitters, injury-induced up-regulated chemokines are found within synaptic vesicles. Chemokines released after depolarization of the cell membrane can then act on other chemokine receptor-bearing neurons, glia, or immune cells. Because up-regulation of chemokines and their receptors may be one of the mechanisms that directly or indirectly contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pain, these molecules may then represent novel targets for therapeutic intervention in chronic pain states.
Topics: Chemokines; Humans; Mononeuropathies; Neuralgia; Neuroglia; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Receptors, Chemokine
PubMed: 18083844
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0709250104