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IDCases 2022was first identified in 1993 as normal flora of the oral cavities of dogs and cats. The species has been reported to cause localized infections in immunocompromised...
was first identified in 1993 as normal flora of the oral cavities of dogs and cats. The species has been reported to cause localized infections in immunocompromised humans only three times. We report the first description of severe disseminated infection attributed to .
PubMed: 35079573
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01396 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022A 5-year-old castrated male bulldog was diagnosed with a corneal ulcer accompanied by edema and conjunctival hyperemia. Ophthalmic examination and microbiological...
A 5-year-old castrated male bulldog was diagnosed with a corneal ulcer accompanied by edema and conjunctival hyperemia. Ophthalmic examination and microbiological analysis were performed, and the bacteria were found to be gram-negative and globular. The isolated clone was identified as (MZ579539) MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rDNA sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the bacteria were sensitive to tetracycline and chloramphenicol, but resistant to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. After a conjunctival flap was placed, tobramycin ophthalmic solution and 5% sodium hyaluronate were administered. Following surgery, the ulcer was effectively controlled, and after 3 weeks, the cornea healed. This is the first case report of a canine corneal ulcer associated with , which should be considered when corneal ulceration or keratitis were suspected.
PubMed: 35812875
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.934081 -
Viruses Mar 2023Canine diarrhea is a common intestinal illness that is usually caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites, and canine diarrhea may induce morbidity and mortality of...
Canine diarrhea is a common intestinal illness that is usually caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites, and canine diarrhea may induce morbidity and mortality of domestic dogs if treated improperly. Recently, viral metagenomics was applied to investigate the signatures of the enteric virome in mammals. In this research, the characteristics of the gut virome in healthy dogs and dogs with diarrhea were analyzed and compared using viral metagenomics. The alpha diversity analysis indicated that the richness and diversity of the gut virome in the dogs with diarrhea were much higher than the healthy dogs, while the beta diversity analysis revealed that the gut virome of the two groups was quite different. At the family level, the predominant viruses in the canine gut virome were certified to be Microviridae, Parvoviridae, Siphoviridae, Inoviridae, Podoviridae, Myoviridae, and others. At the genus level, the predominant viruses in the canine gut virome were certified to be , , , , , , , , , , , and others. However, the viral communities between the two groups differed significantly. The unique viral taxa identified in the healthy dogs group were and , while the unique viral taxa identified in the dogs with diarrhea group were , , , , , , and other viruses. Phylogenetic analysis based on the near-complete genome sequences showed that the CPV strains collected in this study together with other CPV Chinese isolates clustered into a separate branch, while the identified CAV-2 strain D5-8081 and AAV-5 strain AAV-D5 were both the first near-complete genome sequences in China. Moreover, the predicted bacterial hosts of phages were certified to be , , , , , , , and other commensal microbiota. In conclusion, the enteric virome of the healthy dogs group and the dogs with diarrhea group was investigated and compared using viral metagenomics, and the viral communities might influence canine health and disease by interacting with the commensal gut microbiome.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Wolves; Metagenomics; Phylogeny; Viruses; Microviridae; Diarrhea; Myoviridae; Siphoviridae; Podoviridae; Bacteria
PubMed: 36992396
DOI: 10.3390/v15030685 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) Oct 1994A numerical phenotypic taxonomic study of 315 strains of Neisseria and some allied bacteria examined for 155 phenotypic tests showed 31 groups, most of which were...
A numerical phenotypic taxonomic study of 315 strains of Neisseria and some allied bacteria examined for 155 phenotypic tests showed 31 groups, most of which were reasonably distinct. These fell into four major areas. Areas A, B and C contained species of Neisseria, whereas area D contained the organisms known as 'false neisserias' together with Branhamella, Moraxella and Kingella species. Area A contained N. gonorrhoeae (which showed two subgroups), N. meningitidis (with two subgroups, and N. cinerea closely associated), N. polysaccharea, N. elongata subsp, glycolytica and N. lactamica. Area B contained mainly organisms from the human nasopharynx, and the nine groups were not very distinct: only three, N. mucosa, N. perflava and N. sicca could be recognized by the presence of type strains, and there was little relationship between taxonomic position and species epithets. Area C contained several groups from animals, N. animalis, N. canis and two phenons that may be justified as new species of Neisseria, one from lizards and the other from dental plaque of herbivores. Area C also contained N. elongata, N. subflava (with N. flavescens), type strain of Morococcus cerebrosis and the CDC groups M-5 (N. weaveri) and EF-4. Area D contained Branhamella catarrhalis, a combined group which consists of strains of the 'false neisserias' N. caviae and N. cuniculi, the 'false neisseria' N. ovis, and a group of Moraxella strains. A small group representing Kingella kingae is included in area D. Mean test error was 1.7%.
Topics: Models, Biological; Neisseria; Phenotype
PubMed: 8000550
DOI: 10.1099/00221287-140-10-2867 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Jan 1999To define better the bacteria responsible for infections of dog and cat bites, we conducted a prospective study at 18 emergency departments. To be eligible for...
BACKGROUND AND METHODS
To define better the bacteria responsible for infections of dog and cat bites, we conducted a prospective study at 18 emergency departments. To be eligible for enrollment, patients had to meet one of three major criteria for infection of a bite wound (fever, abscess, and lymphangitis) or four of five minor criteria (wound-associated erythema, tenderness at the wound site, swelling at the site, purulent drainage, and leukocytosis). Wound specimens were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria at a research microbiology laboratory and, in some cases, at local hospital laboratories.
RESULTS
The infected wounds of 50 patients with dog bites and 57 patients with cat bites yielded a median of 5 bacterial isolates per culture (range, 0 to 16) at the reference laboratory. Significantly more isolates grew at the reference laboratory than at the local laboratories (median, 1; range, 0 to 5; P<0.001). Aerobes and anaerobes were isolated from 56 percent of the wounds, aerobes alone from 36 percent, and anaerobes alone from 1 percent; 7 percent of cultures had no growth. Pasteurella species were the most frequent isolates from both dog bites (50 percent) and cat bites (75 percent). Pasteurella canis was the most common isolate of dog bites, and Past. multocida subspecies multocida and septica were the most common isolates of cat bites. Other common aerobes included streptococci, staphylococci, moraxella, and neisseria. Common anaerobes included fusobacterium, bacteroides, porphyromonas, and prevotella. Isolates not previously identified as human pathogens included Reimerella anatipestifer from two cat bites and Bacteroides tectum, Prevotella heparinolytica, and several porphyromonas species from dog and cat bites. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from two cat bites. Patients were most often treated with a combination of a beta-lactam antibiotic and a beta-lactamase inhibitor, which, on the basis of the microbiologic findings, was appropriate therapy.
CONCLUSIONS
Infected dog and cat bites have a complex microbiologic mix that usually includes pasteurella species but may also include many other organisms not routinely identified by clinical microbiology laboratories and not previously recognized as bite-wound pathogens.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Aerobic; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bites and Stings; Cats; Child; Child, Preschool; Dogs; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Pasteurella; Prospective Studies; Wound Infection; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 9887159
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199901143400202 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jun 2017Animal bite wounds affect more than 5 million Americans annually, resulting in 300,000 emergency department visits, 10,000 hospitalizations, and an untold number of...
Activity of Pexiganan and 10 Comparator Antimicrobials against 234 Isolates, Including 93 Pasteurella Species and 50 Anaerobic Bacterial Isolates Recovered from Animal Bite Wounds.
Animal bite wounds affect more than 5 million Americans annually, resulting in 300,000 emergency department visits, 10,000 hospitalizations, and an untold number of physician office visits. Various forms of topical therapy are empirically self-employed by many patients prior to seeking medical attention. Pexiganan, a 22-amino-acid synthetic cationic analogue of the peptide magainin II, acts by selectively damaging bacterial cell membranes. We determined the MICs for pexiganan and other antimicrobial agents often used for treatment of bite wounds. Most isolates were from U.S. patients, and ∼10% were from European and Canadian patients. The comparator antimicrobials studied were penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, clindamycin, doxycycline, moxifloxacin, ceftriaxone, linezolid, and metronidazole. The MICs of pexiganan were 32 μg/ml (against subsp. ), 16 μg/ml ( subsp. , , and ), 8 μg/ml (), 8 μg/ml (), 2 μg/ml (, , and group), 16 μg/ml (), 64 μg/ml (), 4 μg/ml (), 32 μg/ml (), and 64 μg/ml (). The concentration of pexiganan in the cream used was 8,000 μg/ml, more than 60 to 100 times the highest MIC obtained. Pexiganan exhibited a broad range of antimicrobial activity, showing potential for treating animal bite infections. A clinical trial seems warranted.
Topics: Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bites and Stings; Clindamycin; Doxycycline; Fluoroquinolones; Linezolid; Meropenem; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moxifloxacin; Pasteurella; Penicillanic Acid; Penicillins; Piperacillin; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; Thienamycins
PubMed: 28373186
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00246-17 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 2010Two tributyrin hydrolysis-negative Moraxella isolates obtained in cases of keratoconjunctivitis in Camelus dromedarius in the Canary Islands showed highest degrees of...
Two tributyrin hydrolysis-negative Moraxella isolates obtained in cases of keratoconjunctivitis in Camelus dromedarius in the Canary Islands showed highest degrees of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Moraxella canis. A level of DNA relatedness to the M. canis type strain of 79% confirmed the identity of the isolates as a tributyrin hydrolysis-negative biovar of M. canis.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Camelus; Cluster Analysis; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Disease Outbreaks; Keratoconjunctivitis; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Moraxella; Moraxellaceae Infections; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Genetic; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spain; Triglycerides
PubMed: 20032257
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02329-09 -
Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) Oct 2023(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic left many intriguing mysteries. Retrospective vulnerability trends tie as strongly to odd demographics as to exposure profiles,...
(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic left many intriguing mysteries. Retrospective vulnerability trends tie as strongly to odd demographics as to exposure profiles, genetics, health, or prior medical history. This article documents the importance of nasal microbiome profiles in distinguishing infection rate trends among differentially affected subgroups. (2) Hypothesis: From a detailed literature survey, microbiome profiling experiments, bioinformatics, and molecular simulations, we propose that specific commensal bacterial species in the genus confer protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections by expressing proteases that may interfere with the proteolytic priming of the Spike protein. (3) Evidence: Various reports have found elevated fractions in the nasal microbiomes of subpopulations with higher resistance to COVID-19 (e.g., adolescents, COVID-19-resistant children, people with strong dietary diversity, and omnivorous canines) and less abundant ones in vulnerable subsets (the elderly, people with narrower diets, carnivorous cats and foxes), along with bioinformatic evidence that bacteria express proteases with notable homology to human TMPRSS2. Simulations suggest that these proteases may proteolyze the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a manner that interferes with TMPRSS2 priming.
PubMed: 37987478
DOI: 10.3390/biotech12040061 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Oct 2000Moraxella canis was isolated in large numbers from an ulcerated supraclavicular lymph node of a terminal patient, who died a few days later. Although the patient...
Moraxella canis was isolated in large numbers from an ulcerated supraclavicular lymph node of a terminal patient, who died a few days later. Although the patient presented with septic symptoms and with a heavy growth of gram-negative diplococci in the lymph node, blood cultures remained negative. M. canis is an upper-airway commensal from dogs and cats and is considered nonpathogenic for humans, although this is the third reported human isolate of this species.
Topics: DNA, Ribosomal; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Moraxella; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sepsis
PubMed: 11015424
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.38.10.3870-3871.2000