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Microorganisms Jun 2019is an ocular bacterial pathogen isolated in cases of keratitis, conjunctivitis, and endophthalmitis. Gram-negative brick-shaped diplobacilli from ocular specimens, and...
is an ocular bacterial pathogen isolated in cases of keratitis, conjunctivitis, and endophthalmitis. Gram-negative brick-shaped diplobacilli from ocular specimens, and slow growth in culture, are early indications of ocular infection; however, identifying to species can be complex and inconsistent. In this study, bacteria consistent with were identified to species using: (1) DNA sequencing coupled with vancomycin susceptibility, (2) MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and (3) the Biolog ID system. Study samples consisted of nine ATCC controls, 82 isolates from keratitis, 21 isolates from conjunctivitis, and 4 isolates from endophthalmitis. The ATCC controls were correctly identified. For keratitis, 66 (80.5%) were identified as , 7 (9.0%) as , 5 (6%) as , 2 (2.5%) as , 1 (1.0%) as , and 1 (1.0%) as . For conjunctivitis, 9 (43.0%) were identified as , 6 (29.0%) as , 3 (14.3%) as , 2 (9.5%) as (), and 1 (4.5%) as . From endophthalmitis, 3 of 4 of the isolates were . Overall, . and were identified in 70% (75 of 107) and 13% (14 of 107) of cases, respectively, totaling 83% (89 of 107). and are important bacterial pathogens of the eye as determined by DNA sequencing, MALDI-TOF MS, and Biolog. Although is a clinical pathogen, other species of appear to have a prominent role in eye infections.
PubMed: 31167433
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7060163 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Oct 2019Moraxella nonliquefaciens is a usually non-pathogenic biofilm-producing Gram-negative coccobacillus which may colonize the upper respiratory tract, rarely causing...
BACKGROUND
Moraxella nonliquefaciens is a usually non-pathogenic biofilm-producing Gram-negative coccobacillus which may colonize the upper respiratory tract, rarely causing invasive disease. Although very rare, bloodstream infections caused by this organism have been described, showing often a fatal outcome. Here, we report the case of a pediatric cancer patient with bloodstream infection and sepsis due to M. nonliquefaciens showing full recovery after appropriate antibiotic treatment.
CASE PRESENTATION
A three-year-old boy with stage IV neuroblastoma was admitted for high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue after standard neuroblastoma treatment. Despite receiving antimicrobial prophylaxis with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, acyclovir and amphothericin B, the patient presented with fever of up to 39.5 °C and neutropenia. Besides a chemotherapy-related mucositis and an indwelling Broviac catheter (removed), no infection focus was identified on physical examination. Moraxella nonliquafaciens was identified in blood cultures. After antibiotic treatment and neutrophil recovery, the patient was fit for discharge.
CONCLUSIONS
The case described highlights the importance of an otherwise non-pathogenic microorganism, especially in immunosupressed cancer patients. It should be kept in mind that, although very infrequently, Moraxella nonliquefaciens may cause bloodstream infections that can be successfully treated with prompt focus identification and antibiotic therapy.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacteremia; Child, Preschool; Humans; Male; Moraxella; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms; Neutropenia; Sepsis
PubMed: 31601195
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4489-y -
Journal of Infection and Public Health 2019Septic arthritis is a common rheumatologic condition with myriad microbiological causative agents. Moraxella is one of the very rare causes of septic arthritis. We... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Septic arthritis is a common rheumatologic condition with myriad microbiological causative agents. Moraxella is one of the very rare causes of septic arthritis. We hereby present the third case of Moraxella nonliquefaciens septic arthritis and the first case in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant patient (HSCT) along with a brief review of the literature.
METHODS
We used PubMed with google search engine to search the literature for reported cases of moraxella septic arthritis.
RESULTS
Information on 19 other cases of moraxella infectious arthritis was found. M. catarrhalis was the most common species isolated. Only 2 reports on M. nonliquefaciens were found; the first one in a multiple myeloma patient and the second one in a diabetic patient on hemodialysis. Predisposing conditions included inflammatory arthritis, prosthetic joints, diabetes, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, Hepatitis C, hemodialysis, esophageal cancer, valve replacements, alcoholism and Intravenous (IV) drug use. The age group of the reported cases ranged from 3 months to 78 years.
CONCLUSION
Infectious arthritis with Moraxella spp. is a very rare entity which can occur in any age group and in the setting of various underlying medical conditions.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arthritis, Infectious; Diagnosis, Differential; Elbow Joint; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Male; Moraxella; Moraxellaceae Infections; Moxifloxacin; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 30711347
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.01.059 -
JMM Case Reports Feb 2017is an unusual organism to be isolated from cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and there exists only one case report of meningitis from a neonate. species normally exist as...
is an unusual organism to be isolated from cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and there exists only one case report of meningitis from a neonate. species normally exist as part of the human upper respiratory tract flora and rarely cause invasive human disease. There are only a handful of case reports implicating the organism as a cause of endocarditis, bacteraemia, septic arthritis and endophthalmitis. Identification to the species level based on routine laboratory techniques has been challenging, with final identification often made through 16S rRNA sequencing. With the use of a newer diagnostic tool, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS, we were able to rapidly identify the organism and initiate appropriate treatment. We present a rare care of meningitis in a paediatric patient with an underlying cranial anatomical defect due to Crouzon syndrome. She had been admitted to hospital 3 months previously with meningitis and mastoiditis, and returned to the emergency department with meningismus. CSF culture grew . She was treated with ceftriaxone with rapid improvement and eventually was taken for endoscopic surgical repair of a right encephalocele defect. The use of MALDI-TOF MS allowed for the rapid identification of the organism. The patient recovered with appropriate antimicrobial therapy and eventual surgical correction. An underlying anatomical defect should be considered in all patients who present with meningitis due to this unusual organism.
PubMed: 28348808
DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005086 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Dec 2023To detect mutation in cases having haemoglobin A2 level >7% on high performance liquid chromatography.
OBJECTIVE
To detect mutation in cases having haemoglobin A2 level >7% on high performance liquid chromatography.
METHODS
The cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from July 2017 to December 2018 at the Department of Haematology and Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised patients of either gender with haemoglobin A2 ≥7%. The samples were collected from different cities of Punjab in collaboration with the Punjab Thalassemia Prevention Programme, Lahore. The samples were subjected to complete blood count and high performance liquid chromatography using automated haematology analysers and variant-II beta thalassemia short programme, respectively. To analyse haemoglobin E mutations at the molecular level, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR_RFLP) was performed using a type IIS restriction endonuclease known as Mnl1 (derived from Moraxella nonliquefaciens) to cleave DNA at specific sites and the results were further confirmed on randomly selected samples using Sanger sequencing. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.
RESULTS
Of the 39 patients, 15(38.5%) were males and 24(61.5%) were females. The overall median age was 14 (23) years. There were 29 (74.4%) patients with thalassemia family history, and 22(56.4%) had a positive family history of transfusion related to thalassemia, while no patient had a family history of iron therapy. The median haemoglobin A, haemoglobin A2 and haemoglobin F levels were 72.2 (65.2-79.1) %, 26.6 (19.1-34.0) % and 0.9 (-0.8-2.6) %, respectively. After molecular investigation, HbAE mutation was found in 23(59%) patients, while wild type HbAA genotype was found in 16(41%). The heterozygous HbE mutation was present in 23(59%) patients.
CONCLUSIONS
Frequently missed/undiagnosed cases of haemoglobin E that co-elute with haemoglobin A2 in the same high performance liquid chromatography window were detected among those with haemoglobin A2 ≥7%.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adolescent; Hemoglobin E; Hemoglobin A2; Cross-Sectional Studies; Genotype; beta-Thalassemia; Thalassemia; Mutation
PubMed: 38083912
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.7138 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Diabetes mellitus is recognized as a major predisposing factor for Moraxella keratitis. However, how diabetes mellitus contributes to Moraxella keratitis remains...
Diabetes mellitus is recognized as a major predisposing factor for Moraxella keratitis. However, how diabetes mellitus contributes to Moraxella keratitis remains unclear. In this study, we examined Moraxella keratitis; based on the findings, we investigated the impact of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) deposition in the cornea of individuals with diabetic mellitus on the adhesion of Moraxella isolates to the cornea. A retrospective analysis of 27 culture-proven cases of Moraxella keratitis at Ehime University Hospital (March 2006 to February 2022) was performed. Moraxella isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Among the patients, 30.4% had diabetes mellitus and 22.2% had the predominant ocular condition of using steroid eye drops. The species identified were Moraxella nonliquefaciens in 59.3% and Moraxella lacunata in 40.7% of patients. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we assessed the effects of M. nonliquefaciens adherence to simian virus 40-immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) with or without AGEs. The results demonstrated the number of M. nonliquefaciens adhering to HCECs was significantly increased by adding AGEs compared with that in controls (p < 0.01). Furthermore, in the corneas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice treated with or without pyridoxamine, an AGE inhibitor, the number of M. nonliquefaciens adhering to the corneas of diabetic mice was significantly reduced by pyridoxamine treatment (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the development of Moraxella keratitis may be significantly influenced by the deposition of AGEs on the corneal epithelium of patients with diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Retrospective Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Pyridoxamine; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Keratitis; Moraxella; Cornea; Glycation End Products, Advanced
PubMed: 38580798
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58659-7 -
Carbohydrate Research Apr 2024Moraxella nonliquefaciens is a commensal of the human upper respiratory tract (URT) but on rare occasions is recovered in cases of ocular, septic and pulmonary...
Moraxella nonliquefaciens is a commensal of the human upper respiratory tract (URT) but on rare occasions is recovered in cases of ocular, septic and pulmonary infections. Hence there is interest in the pathogenic determinants of M. nonliquefaciens, of which outer membrane (OM) structures such as fimbriae and two capsular polysaccharide (CPS) structures, →3)-β-D-GalpNAc-(1→5)-β-Kdop-(2→ and →8)-α-NeuAc-(2→, have been reported in the literature. To further characterise its surface virulence factors, we isolated a novel CPS from M. nonliquefaciens type strain CCUG 348T. This structure was elucidated using NMR data obtained from CPS samples that were subjected to various degrees of mild acid hydrolysis. Together with GLC-MS data, the structure was resolved as a linear polymer composed of two GalfNAc residues consecutively added to Kdo, →3)-β-D-GalfNAc-(1→3)-α-D-GalfNAc-(1→5)-α-(8-OAc)Kdop-(2→. Supporting evidence for this material being CPS was drawn from the proposed CPS biosynthetic locus which encoded a potential GalfNAc transferase, a UDP-GalpNAc mutase for UDP-GalfNAc production and a putative CPS polymerase with predicted GalfNAc and Kdo transferase domains. This study describes a unique CPS composition reported in Moraxella spp. and offers genetic insights into the synthesis and expression of GalfNAc residues, which are rare in bacterial OM glycans.
Topics: Humans; Polysaccharides; Moraxella; Transferases; Uridine Diphosphate; Bacterial Capsules; Polysaccharides, Bacterial
PubMed: 38507941
DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109095 -
IDCases 2021A 2-year-old, previously healthy, male presented with an insidious history of intermittent left knee pain and edema who had been evaluated in the emergency department on...
A 2-year-old, previously healthy, male presented with an insidious history of intermittent left knee pain and edema who had been evaluated in the emergency department on multiple occasions with unremarkable imaging and normal laboratory results. On the day of presentation, he had mild edema of the left knee and inability to bear weight. Synovial fluid analysis showed an elevated white cell count with neutrophil predominance and mildly elevated inflammatory markers, consistent with septic arthritis. He underwent knee arthrotomy with irrigation and debridement and was initiated on broad spectrum antibiotics. Cultures were negative, polymerase chain reaction for MRSA and were negative. He was started on a fifth-generation cephalosporin with resolution of symptoms, marked clinical improvement and normalization of inflammatory markers. The identification of the etiologic agent was possible due to detection of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplification by PCR for in the synovial fluid. He completed a course of 3 weeks of parenteral antibiotics at home with full recovery.
PubMed: 34026535
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01145 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Dec 1992Genetic relationships among strains of Moraxella nonliquefaciens, M. lacunata, and M. bovis were studied by using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and DNA-DNA... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Genetic relationships among strains of Moraxella nonliquefaciens, M. lacunata, and M. bovis were studied by using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and DNA-DNA hybridization. The 74 isolates analyzed for electrophoretic variation at 12 enzyme loci were assigned to 59 multilocus genotypes. The multilocus genotypes were grouped in four major clusters, one representing strains of M. nonliquefaciens, two representing strains of M. lacunata, and one comprising strains of M. bovis and the single strain of M. equi analyzed. DNA-DNA hybridization with total genomic probes also revealed four major distinctive entities that corresponded to those identified by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. The two distinct clusters recognized among the M. lacunata strains apparently corresponded to the species previously designated M. lacunata and M. liquefaciens. Distinction of the four entities was improved by hybridization with polymerase chain reaction products of nonconserved parts of pilin genes as DNA probes. With these polymerase chain reaction probes, new isolates of M. nonliquefaciens, M. lacunata, M. liquefaciens, and M. bovis can be identified easily by hybridization.
Topics: Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Base Sequence; DNA Probes; DNA, Bacterial; Electrophoresis; Enzymes; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fimbriae Proteins; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Moraxella; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Species Specificity; Transformation, Genetic
PubMed: 1452691
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.30.12.3099-3107.1992 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023species are Gram-negative coccobacilli that typically colonize the flora of the human upper respiratory tract and have low pathogenic potential. There are limited case...
species are Gram-negative coccobacilli that typically colonize the flora of the human upper respiratory tract and have low pathogenic potential. There are limited case reports implicating the organisms as the cause of endocarditis, bacteremia, septic arthritis, ocular infection, and meningitis. In cases of keratitis and conjunctivitis, is not commonly isolated from the ocular surface. We present a case of a diabetic patient who developed late-onset bleb-related endophthalmitis caused by 4 years after glaucoma filtering surgery. Within one day, the patient presented with an acutely fulminant course with sudden visual loss, redness, and ocular pain. Appropriate antibiotic treatment and early vitrectomy resulted in a favorable final visual acuity of 20/100, which was his vision prior to infection. The use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) enabled the rapid identification of the organism. Endophthalmitis caused by should be considered in patients who underwent glaucoma filtering surgery with antifibrotic agents.
PubMed: 36978474
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030607