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Journal of Preventive Medicine and... Jun 2021Global evidence indicates an association between poor WaSH practice and inferior health outcomes. In rural areas, this practice is predominantly compromised with limited...
INTRODUCTION
Global evidence indicates an association between poor WaSH practice and inferior health outcomes. In rural areas, this practice is predominantly compromised with limited access to safe drinking water, knowledge gaps, and unhealthy socio-behavioural practices. Suboptimal WaSH practice leads to increased vulnerability of various infections, thereby posing a challenge to the primary health care system.
METHODS
A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 879 participants of two villages in Tigiria block, Cuttack district, Odisha, India. Information pertaining to socio-demography, WaSH practices and self-reported morbidities were captured and analysed. Bi-variate analysis was done to assess the association between WaSH practices and any acute illnesses. Differences were considered statistically significant if p-value was less than 0.05.
RESULTS
Tube well was the main source of drinking water (49.3%) followed by dug well (46.6%). Only 7.1% of participants reported to purify drinking water and around 40% were still practicing open defecation. The prevalence of acute and chronic illnesses was 9.2% and 19.1% respectively. Major acute illnesses were respiratory diseases, diarrhoeal disorders, and musculoskeletal problems, while major chronic illnesses were gastrointestinal problems, musculoskeletal problems, and hypertension. After adjusting for age, gender, and education, a significant odds ratio of 3.79 [CI = (1.23-11.70)] was observed between drinking water source (surface water Vs tube well water) for acute illnesses.
CONCLUSIONS
Poor WaSH practices among rural people make them vulnerable to acute and chronic morbidities. Health awareness and socio behavioural changes pertaining to WaSH practices need utmost priority to ensure better health for rural people of Odisha.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Chronic Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hygiene; India; Male; Middle Aged; Morbidity; Prevalence; Rural Population; Sanitation; Water; Water Supply
PubMed: 34604579
DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.2.1503 -
Thoracic Cancer Dec 2023The rising burden of thyroid cancer (TC) is a public health problem in Asia. Predicting the future burden of TC in Asian countries is essential for disease prevention.
BACKGROUND
The rising burden of thyroid cancer (TC) is a public health problem in Asia. Predicting the future burden of TC in Asian countries is essential for disease prevention.
METHODS
Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 for five Asian countries. We applied Bayesian age-period-cohort models to predict morbidity and mortality to 2035 and calculated age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR). Furthermore, the estimated annual percentage change was calculated to evaluate the variation of ASIR and ASMR.
RESULTS
By 2035, predictions suggest that cases of TC will reach 75.56 × 10 in China, 70.22 × 10 in India, 15.78 × 10 in the Republic of Korea, 9.01 × 10 in Japan and 5.55 × 10 in Thailand, respectively. Except Japan, a significant upward trend of ASIR of TC will be observed in five Asian countries. The deaths from TC will increase in five countries and India will become the highest reaching 14.07 × 10 . The ASMR will rise to 0.83/100 000 in India and 1.06/100 000 in the Republic of Korea, while it will drop to 0.35/100 000 in China, 0.43/100 000 in Japan and 0.50/100 000 in Thailand. In further predictions projected by sex, the growth rate of ASIR is reported higher in males than in females among most countries. ASMR of male will exceed that of females in China and Thailand by 2035.
CONCLUSION
The disease burden caused by TC will further increase in five Asian countries, especially for men. It is necessary to develop more rational and timely disease prevention and manage strategies facing this disease trend.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Bayes Theorem; Asia; Morbidity; China; Thyroid Neoplasms; Incidence
PubMed: 37941298
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15160 -
PloS One 2022The study explored the socioeconomic and demographic factors that determine the onset of difficulty, recovery from difficulty and difficulty remaining in functional...
INTRODUCTION
The study explored the socioeconomic and demographic factors that determine the onset of difficulty, recovery from difficulty and difficulty remaining in functional activity in later years of life. Additionally, the study examined the effects of several combinations of chronic diseases on the changes in later-life functional difficulty.
METHODS
We used data from two rounds of India Human Development Survey (IHDS) conducted during 2004-2005 and 2011-2012. A sample of 13,849 respondents aged 55 years and above with a seven year follow-up was considered for this study. The Katz Index of Independence in activities of daily living (ADL) was used to measure the functional disability as an outcome variable. Multinomial logistic regression has been conducted to fulfil the study objectives.
RESULTS
The overall functional difficulty among older adults was 27.3% and onset of functional difficulty (23.5%) was higher than the recovery from difficulty (2.1%) and remaining with difficulty (1.7%). Onset of functional difficulty in second round was higher among women (27.3%) than men (19.3%). Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that single and multi-morbidity had a positive significant association with all categories of functional difficulty. Female sex, increasing age and rural place of residence had positive association with onset of difficulty and difficulty remaining in second round. The combinations of morbidities were also found to have positive significant association with functional difficulty i.e., the relative risk (RR) of onset of difficulty in second round is higher among those who had diabetes with high blood pressure (RR-1.7; CI: 1.4-2.0), cataracts with high blood pressure (RR-2.0; CI: 1.5-2.6) and cataracts with asthma (RR-3.1; CI: 2.1-4.6) compared to those with no diabetes and cataract but with high blood pressure or asthma, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest that the risk of onset of functional difficulty is higher among older individuals with single and multiple morbidities compared to their healthy counterparts. It is also found that functional difficulty increased with age and was more prevalent in older women and rural residents, suggesting the need for appropriate policy interventions with special focus on the vulnerable senior adults.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Asthma; Cataract; Data Analysis; Female; Humans; Hypertension; India; Male; Morbidity
PubMed: 35653416
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269388 -
Acta Ophthalmologica May 2019
Topics: China; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Morbidity; Ophthalmology; Retinal Diseases
PubMed: 30983136
DOI: 10.1111/aos.14111 -
Ethnicity & Disease 2020To characterize rates of co-morbidity among prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy and to examine the association between co-morbidity status and...
OBJECTIVE
To characterize rates of co-morbidity among prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy and to examine the association between co-morbidity status and race, clinical factors, and health behaviors for cancer control.
DESIGN/STUDY PARTICIPANTS
Retrospective cohort study among prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy.
SETTING
Academic medical center located in the southeastern region of the United States.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Patients with at least one of five co-morbid conditions considered were categorized as having a co-morbidity, and those without any were categorized as not having a co-morbid condition. Co-morbid conditions considered were hypertension, diabetes, heart problems, stroke, and high cholesterol, which had been recorded in the electronic medical record as part of their past medical history.
RESULTS
Fifty-one percent of participants had a co-morbidity, with hypertension being the most common. The average number of co-morbidities among study participants was .87. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, being diagnosed with prostate cancer within the past four years was associated with an increased likelihood of having a co-morbidity (OR=4.71, 95% CI=2.69, 8.25, P=.0001) compared with diagnosis five or more years ago. Age was also associated with an increased likelihood of having a co-morbidity (OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.005, 1.68, P=.05). In this study cohort, race, stage at diagnosis, and PSA level were not statistically associated with co-morbidity status.
CONCLUSION
Better chronic disease management is needed among prostate cancer survivors through more effective survivorship care planning and interventions that promote health behaviors.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Prevalence; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; United States
PubMed: 32269460
DOI: 10.18865/ed.30.S1.185 -
European Journal of Medical Genetics Jan 2022Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a multi-system genetically determined neurodevelopmental disorder and the commonest cause of syndromal obesity. The development of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a multi-system genetically determined neurodevelopmental disorder and the commonest cause of syndromal obesity. The development of hyperphagia in early childhood is part of the phenotype arising as a result of an impaired neural response to food intake and the inability to regulate food intake in line with energy needs. Severe obesity develops if access to food is not controlled. In this review we evaluate the evidence for increased morbidity and mortality in PWS in order to establish the extent to which it is directly related to the obesity; a consequence of the eating behaviour itself independent of obesity; or associated with other characteristics of the syndrome. Medline, Cochrane, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus databases were used to systematically identify published material on PWS and hyperphagia and syndrome-related morbidity and mortality. One hundred and ten key papers were selected. Data on 500 people with PWS indicated that the average age of death was 21 years and obesity was, as expected, a significant factor. However, the behaviour of hyperphagia itself, independent of obesity, was also important, associated with choking, gastric rupture, and/or respiratory illness. Other syndrome-related factors increased the risk for, and seriousness of, co-morbid illness or accidents. We conclude that improving life-expectancy largely depends on managing the immediate non-obesity and obesity-related consequences of the hyperphagia, through improved support. The development of new treatments that significantly reduce the drive to eat are likely to decrease morbidity and mortality improving quality of life and life expectancy.
Topics: Humans; Hyperphagia; Morbidity; Prader-Willi Syndrome
PubMed: 34748997
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104379 -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) Feb 2013Because women are becoming pregnant at a later age, hypertension is more commonly encountered in pregnancy. In addition, with increasing numbers of young women living... (Review)
Review
Because women are becoming pregnant at a later age, hypertension is more commonly encountered in pregnancy. In addition, with increasing numbers of young women living with renal transplants and kidney disease, it is important for physicians to be aware of the effects of pregnancy on these diseases. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to assess and care for pregnant women with kidney disease. Pre-pregnancy counselling should be offered to all women with chronic kidney disease. A review of medication to avoid teratogenicity and optimise the disease prior to conception is the ideal. Pregnancy may be the first medical review for a young woman, who may present with a previously undiagnosed renal problem.
Topics: Female; Global Health; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney Diseases; Morbidity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 23472497
DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.13-1-57 -
The Ulster Medical Journal Jan 2014
Review
Topics: Acute Disease; Disease Management; Global Health; Headache; Humans; Morbidity
PubMed: 24757261
DOI: No ID Found -
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2021The aim: To improve epidemiological monitoring of pertussis by analyzing the disease morbidity during 1995-2017 in Ukraine, to make a prognosis.
OBJECTIVE
The aim: To improve epidemiological monitoring of pertussis by analyzing the disease morbidity during 1995-2017 in Ukraine, to make a prognosis.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: Analysis of the pertussis morbidity during 1995-2017 using the data of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The cyclicity was determined by Fourier spectral analysis. The models of prognosis were constructed using polyharmonic regression and an exponential smoothing algorithm. Cartographic analysis and integrated indicators (multiyear index of the prevalence rate, mean square deviation, mean the multiyear pace of the gain in the prevalence rate) were used to determine the areas of risk. Summarized data were used to calculate the generalized coefficient.
RESULTS
Results: The pertussis morbidity cycle has 5 years intervals in Ukraine. The prognosis is for increasing the pertussis morbidity from 4.91-5.54 to 5.48-7.06 per 100.000 people. The generalized coefficient was significantly higher in western part (83.3%) than in central (50.0%) and eastern (16.6%) parts. The study showed that population reproduction rates, natural population increase, and the proportion of people against vaccination were higher in the western part than in other parts of the country.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: The pertussis cyclicity depends on the internal mechanisms of interaction in the ecological system. There is a prognosis of worsening the epidemic situation of pertussis spreading. The risk area is the western part of Ukraine, which is characterized by active demographic processes and a greater number of people who are negative about vaccination.
Topics: Humans; Morbidity; Prevalence; Ukraine; Vaccination; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 34459763
DOI: No ID Found -
The British Journal of Surgery Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Gastric Bypass; Comorbidity; Obesity, Morbid; Substance-Related Disorders; Morbidity
PubMed: 37314045
DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad179