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Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Feb 1993A 65-year-old man was hospitalized due to an abdominal tumor. Several imaging studies showed multilocular tumors in the right hepatic lobe and in the pancreatic head, 4...
A 65-year-old man was hospitalized due to an abdominal tumor. Several imaging studies showed multilocular tumors in the right hepatic lobe and in the pancreatic head, 4 and 7 cm in size, respectively. The hepatic tumor rapidly grew to 9 cm in 4 weeks, associated with a rapid increase in the serum carcinoembryonic antigen level from 125 ng/ml to 1,000 ng/ml. The pathologic diagnosis of the resected liver tumor was mucinous cholangiocarcinoma. This hepatic tumor produced a large amount of mucin, but did not secrete mucin into the bile ducts. Therefore, there was no obstructive jaundice. The incidentally accompanied pancreatic tumor was a typical serous cystadenoma. The present case suggested that mucinous cholangiocarcinoma could present rapid growth of the tumor. The clinicopathological features of mucinous cholangiocarcinoma are demonstrated for the first time, and the differences between mucinous cholangiocarcinoma and mucin-producing papillary adenocarcinoma of duct-spreading type are discussed.
Topics: Adenoma, Bile Duct; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cystadenoma; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Mucins; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 8389623
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.32.116 -
The Keio Journal of Medicine Mar 1998Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins which are heavily glycosylated with many carbohydrate side chains. In epithelial cancers such as colorectal cancer, both... (Review)
Review
Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins which are heavily glycosylated with many carbohydrate side chains. In epithelial cancers such as colorectal cancer, both qualitative and quantitative alterations in carbohydrate and polypeptide moieties of mucin glycoproteins occur. These changes in mucin glycoproteins are one of the most common phenotypic markers of colorectal carcinogenesis and may play an important pathobiological role. The expression of some of the sialylated carbohydrate antigens appears to correlate with a poor prognosis and increased metastatic potential in colorectal cancer. The increased exposure of peptide epitopes of mucin glycoproteins in colorectal cancer appears to be due to either abnormal glycosylation and/or altered levels of mucin gene transcription. In addition, dysregulation of tissue specific mucin genes occurs in colorectal cancers. This information is currently being exploited for further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis, tumor progression and metastasis, and the development of novel methods of colorectal cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Topics: Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Mucins; Neoplasm Proteins
PubMed: 9560527
DOI: 10.2302/kjm.47.10 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Oct 2004To investigate the expression of three types of mucin (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC) and E-cadherin in human gastric carcinomas and their clinical significance.
AIM
To investigate the expression of three types of mucin (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC) and E-cadherin in human gastric carcinomas and their clinical significance.
METHODS
Ninety-four gastric cancer specimens were classified according to WHO criteria and detected by immunohistochemical assay of expression of mucins and E-cadherin.
RESULTS
The positive expression rates of MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and E-cadherin were 82% (77/94), 84% (79/94), 40% (38/94) and 56% (53/94) respectively. MUC1 expression was significantly correlated with the types of cancer (the positive rates of MUC1 in well and moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma were 91%, 87%, 71%, 71%, respectively, P<0.05), age of patients (the positive rates of it among the people who are younger than 40 years, between 40-60 years and over 60 year were 74%, 81%, 89%, P<0.05), lymph nodes involvement (the positive rates in the non-interfered group and the interfered group were 78%, 85%, P<0.05) and tumor size (the positive rates in the tumors with the size less than 3 cm, 3-6 cm and larger than 6 cm were 69%, 92%, 69%, P<0.05); MUC2 expression was significantly associated with types of cancers and had the strongest expression in mucinous carcinomas(the positive rates of MUC2 in well and moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma were 94%, 70%, 81%, 100%, P<0.05), but it had no obvious relation to age, gender, tumor location, lymph nodes involvement, depth of invasion and metastasis to extra-gastric organs (P>0.05); MUC5AC expression was not related to any of the characteristics investigated except that it had relation to gender, whereas MUC5AC showed the tendency to higher expression in less invasive lesions and lower expression in advanced stage cancers (P>0.05); No significant difference was found for E-cadherin expression. There were strong positive relationships between the expression of MUC1 and E-cadherin, MUC2 and E-cadherin, MUC1 and MUC2 (R = 0.33, R = 0.22, R = 0.32, respectively, P<0.05). According to the COX proportional hazards model, older patients, involvement of lymph nodes, different types of gastric cancer and MUC2 expression were significantly associated with poorer outcome of gastric carcinoma patients (beta = 0.08, beta = 3.94, beta = 1.33, beta = 0.75, respectively, P<0.05).
CONCLUSION
MUC1 and MUC2 are good markers of different types of gastric cancer. MUC2 is especially a good marker of mucinous carcinoma. MUC1, MUC2 may interfere with the function of E-cadherin in gastric carcinomas, and have synergic effect on progression of gastric cancers.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cadherins; Female; Gastrectomy; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Mucin-1; Mucin-2; Mucins; Peptide Fragments; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 15378790
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i20.3044 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Jul 2008The expression of mucin (MUC2) in prostate cancer has not been well studied previously and may be of prognostic and pathobiologic significance. It is, however, well...
The expression of mucin (MUC2) in prostate cancer has not been well studied previously and may be of prognostic and pathobiologic significance. It is, however, well known that MUC2 expression in mucinous pancreatic and breast cancer represents an indolent pathway since these tumors have a significantly better outcome than their conventional counterparts. Twenty-five cases each of Gleason pattern 3 and 4 mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate defined by greater than 25% mucinous component and nonmucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate were obtained from the surgical pathology files of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and Emory University Hospital. Immunohistochemical stains were performed for MUC2 on all 50 cases. Mean patient age was 60 years (range 44-72 years). MUC2 was expressed in all 25 cases (100%) of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate, irrespective of the Gleason pattern. The nonmucinous component of these cases was negative for MUC2. In contrast, MUC2 expression was significantly lower in nonmucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate, detected in only 6/25 cases as a focal finding, while 19/25 (76%) of nonmucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate were completely negative for MUC2 (P<0.01). In six cases that showed focal positivity, MUC2 was expressed in areas with Gleason pattern 3 cancer with extensive mucinous fibroplasia (one case) and prominent intraluminal mucin (five cases). Other areas of these tumors were negative for MUC2. Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate shows diffuse expression of MUC2, a known tumor suppressor, which is not present in either normal prostate or the majority of conventional adenocarcinomas of this organ. This indicates that mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is indeed of the 'colloid type' akin to those in other exocrine organs. It is highly conceivable that this de novo expression of MUC2 has a role, not only in the mucinous differentiation of these tumors and their colloid pattern, but also in their relatively indolent behavior that has been recently elucidated.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Middle Aged; Mucin-2; Mucins; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 18487999
DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2008.47 -
Experimental Lung Research 2023Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients experience hypoxemia and lung tissue hypoxia, causing vasoconstriction, and at its most severe Cor pulmonale....
PURPOSE
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients experience hypoxemia and lung tissue hypoxia, causing vasoconstriction, and at its most severe Cor pulmonale. However, minimal attention has been given to the effects of hypoxia at the cellular level. We hypothesize that a persistent progenitor cell population undergoes an aberrant differentiation process, influenced by changes in oxygen.
METHODS
Distal lung progenitor cells from two emphysematous donors were cultured in 21% and 2% oxygen. Proliferation was determined on collagen-coated plastic and in 3T3-J2 co-culture. Epithelial (E-cadherin, pan-cytokeratin) and progenitor (TP63, cytokeratin 5) marker expressions were examined. Cells were differentiated at air-liquid interface, and ciliated, mucus-producing, and club cell populations identified by immunofluorescence. , and expression were determined using qRT-PCR, mucin5AC, and mucin5B protein levels by ELISA, and secreted mucin by periodic acid biotin hydrazide assay.
RESULTS
Cells were positive for epithelial and progenitor markers at isolation and passage 5. Passage 5 cells in hypoxia increased the proportion of TP63 by 10% from 51.6 ± 1.2% to 62.6 ± 2.3% (p ≤ 0.01). Proliferative capacity was greater on 3T3J2 cells and in 2% oxygen, supporting the emergence of a proliferation unrestricted population with limited differentiation capacity. Differentiation resulted in βIV tubulin positive-ciliated cells, mucin5AC, mucin5B, and CC10 positive secretory cells. Epithelial barrier formation was reduced (p ≤ 0.0001) in hypoxia-expanded cells. qRT-PCR showed higher mucin expression in 2% cells, significantly so with (p ≤ 0.05). Although overall mucin5AC and mucin5B content was greater in 21% cells, normalization of secreted mucin to DNA showed a trend for increased mucin by low oxygen cells.
CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate that hypoxia promotes a proliferative phenotype while affecting subsequent progenitor cell differentiation capacity. Furthermore, the retained differentiation potential becomes skewed to a more secretory phenotype, demonstrating that hypoxia may be contributing to disease symptoms and severity in COPD patients.
Topics: Humans; Lung; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Epithelial Cells; Mucins; Phenotype; Stem Cells; Hypoxia; Oxygen; Mucin 5AC
PubMed: 36656657
DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2022.2158404 -
Glycobiology Jun 2023The COVID-19 global pandemic has underscored the need to understand how viruses and other pathogens are able to infect and replicate within the respiratory system....
The COVID-19 global pandemic has underscored the need to understand how viruses and other pathogens are able to infect and replicate within the respiratory system. Recent studies have highlighted the role of highly O-glycosylated mucins in the protection of the respiratory system as well as how mucin-type O-glycosylation may be able to modify viral infectivity. Therefore, we set out to identify the specific genes controlling mucin-type O-glycosylation throughout the mouse respiratory system as well as determine how their expression and the expression of respiratory mucins is influenced by infection or injury. Here, we show that certain mucins and members of the Galnt family are abundantly expressed in specific respiratory tissues/cells and demonstrate unique patterns of O-glycosylation across diverse respiratory tissues. Moreover, we find that the expression of certain Galnts and mucins is altered during lung infection and injury in experimental mice challenged with infectious agents, toxins, and allergens. Finally, we examine gene expression changes of Galnts and mucins in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our work provides foundational knowledge regarding the specific expression of Galnt enzyme family members and mucins throughout the respiratory system, and how their expression is altered upon lung infection and injury.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Mucins; Glycosylation; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Respiratory System
PubMed: 37115803
DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad031 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023Human conjunctival epithelium cells (HCEC) line the inner surface of the eyelid and cover the sclera and are continuously subjected to wall shear stresses (WSS). The...
Human conjunctival epithelium cells (HCEC) line the inner surface of the eyelid and cover the sclera and are continuously subjected to wall shear stresses (WSS). The effects of external forces on the conjunctival epithelium are not fully known. The conjunctival epithelium contains stratified squamous cells that synthesize the membrane-spanning mucins MUC1 and MUC16, which play important roles in protecting the ocular surface. Alterations in both gel-forming and membrane-tethered mucins occur in drying ocular surface diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanobiological characteristics of transmembrane mucin secretion and cellular alterations of primary HCEC exposed to airflow-induced WSS perturbations. We exposed the HCEC to a steady WSS of 0.5 dyne/cm for durations of 15 and 30 min. Cytoskeletal alterations and MUC1 secretions were studied using immunohistochemically fluorescent staining with specific antibodies. We investigated for the first time an in vitro model of membrane-tethered mucin secretion by HCEC in response to WSS. The exposure of HCEC to WSS increased the polymerization of F-actin, altered the cytoskeletal shape and reduced the secretion of membrane-tethered MUC1.
Topics: Humans; Mucins; Mucin-1; Epithelial Cells; CA-125 Antigen; Epithelium; Cytoskeleton; Conjunctiva
PubMed: 37047561
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076589 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... 2022Gallbladder carcinomas are uncommon with female predominance in the sixth or seventh decades. Mucinous carcinomas of the gallbladder are rare with few cases documented...
Gallbladder carcinomas are uncommon with female predominance in the sixth or seventh decades. Mucinous carcinomas of the gallbladder are rare with few cases documented in the literature. We present two cases of mucinous carcinoma of the gallbladder one of which was incidentally detected. The first case is a 65-year-old female who was diagnosed clinically with a suspected case of carcinoma of the gallbladder with the help of contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Microscopy showed extensive areas of mucin pools (>90% of the tumor), atypical cells in three-dimensional clusters, and scattered singly in the mucin pools. Immunohistochemistry revealed a strong expression of MUC2 by the tumor cells. The second case is a 60-year-old female who was diagnosed clinically with a case of chronic cholecystitis; however, the cholecystectomy specimen showed a mucinous growth in the fundus and body of the gallbladder, microscopy of which showed extensive mucin pools (>90% of the tumor) along with scattered signet-ring cells. Both the cases were reported as mucinous carcinoma of the gallbladder. Mucinous carcinoma of the gallbladder exhibit more aggressive behavior than conventional gallbladder carcinomas. Documentation of these rare cases will encourage further research to find out their true incidence and adequate management of the patient.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous; Aged; Female; Gallbladder Neoplasms; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Mucins
PubMed: 36149187
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_646_19 -
BMC Oral Health Dec 2022Saliva possesses antiviral activity, with submandibular-sublingual (SMSL) saliva having higher antiviral activity than parotid saliva. Various salivary proteins have...
BACKGROUND
Saliva possesses antiviral activity, with submandibular-sublingual (SMSL) saliva having higher antiviral activity than parotid saliva. Various salivary proteins have inactivating effects on influenza A virus (IAV), but the detailed relationship between antiviral proteins and salivary anti-IAV activities in the parotid and SMSL glands is unknown. Here, to identify salivary proteins with anti-IAV activity, salivary proteins from parotid and SMSL glands were identified, quantified, and compared using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
METHODS
Twelve healthy male volunteers participated in the study. Parotid and SMSL saliva was collected by suction and collection devices. We assessed anti-IAV activities, protein concentrations, and protein-bound sialic acid concentrations in parotid and SMSL saliva.
RESULTS
SMSL had significantly higher anti-IAV activity than parotid saliva. SMSL also had higher concentrations of glycoproteins, such as mucin 5B and mucin 7, protein-bound sialic acid, cystatins, and lysozyme C, compared with parotid saliva. Salivary mucin 5B and mucin 7 concentrations significantly positively correlated with the salivary protein-bound sialic acid concentration. Salivary anti-IAV activity significantly positively correlated with protein-bound sialic acid, mucin 5B, mucin 7, cystatin-C, -S, and -SN concentrations.
CONCLUSION
Salivary mucins, cystatins, and lysozyme C contribute to the high anti-IAV activity of SMSL saliva.
Topics: Humans; Male; Antiviral Agents; Mucin-5B; Mucins; Muramidase; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; Parotid Gland; Saliva; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Submandibular Gland; Alphainfluenzavirus
PubMed: 36566172
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02686-1 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2021Korean Red ginseng (KRG), commonly used in traditional medicine, has anti-inflammatory, anti- oxidative, and anti-tumorigenic properties. Asian sand dust (ASD) is known...
Korean Red ginseng (KRG), commonly used in traditional medicine, has anti-inflammatory, anti- oxidative, and anti-tumorigenic properties. Asian sand dust (ASD) is known to aggravate upper and lower airway inflammatory responses. BEAS-2B cells were exposed to ASD with or without KRG or ginsenoside Rg3. Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), MUC5B, and MUC8 mRNA and protein expression levels were determined using quantitative RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), activator protein 1, and mitogen-activated protein kinase expression and activity were determined using western blot analysis. ASD induced MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC8 mRNA and protein expression in BEAS-2B cells, which was significantly inhibited by KRG and Rg3. Although ASD-induced mucin expression was associated with NF-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, KRG and Rg3 significantly suppressed only ASD-induced NF-κB expression and activity. KRG and Rg3 inhibited ASD-induced mucin gene expression and protein production from bronchial epithelial cells. These results suggest that KRG and Rg3 have potential for treating mucus-producing airway inflammatory diseases.
Topics: Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Dust; Epithelial Cells; Gene Expression Regulation; Ginsenosides; Humans; Molecular Structure; Mucin 5AC; Mucin-5B; Mucins; Panax; Respiratory Mucosa; Sand
PubMed: 33916022
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072002