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Mycobiology 2018While surveying undiscovered fungal taxa in Korea, three rare zygomycetous fungal strains, CNUFC-PTF2-1, CNUFC-TF3-1, and CNUFC-ESAF3-1, were isolated from soil, leaf,...
While surveying undiscovered fungal taxa in Korea, three rare zygomycetous fungal strains, CNUFC-PTF2-1, CNUFC-TF3-1, and CNUFC-ESAF3-1, were isolated from soil, leaf, and freshwater samples, respectively. The strains were analyzed morphologically as well as phylogenetically based on the internal transcribed spacer region and 28S rDNA sequences. Sequence analysis of the two loci revealed that the isolates, CNUFC-PTF2-1, CNUFC-TF3-1, and CNUFC-ESAF3-1, were identified as , , and , respectively. These species have not yet been previously described in Korea.
PubMed: 30637140
DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2018.1538071 -
Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology Apr 2016The Mucorales are an important opportunistic fungi that can cause mucormycosis in immunocompromised patients. The fast and precise diagnosis of mucormycosis is very...
BACKGROUND
The Mucorales are an important opportunistic fungi that can cause mucormycosis in immunocompromised patients. The fast and precise diagnosis of mucormycosis is very important because, if the diagnosis is not made early enough, dissemination often occurs. It is now well established that molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) are feasible and reliable tools for the early and accurate diagnosis of mucormycosis agents.
OBJECTIVES
The present study was conducted to evaluate the validity of PCR-RFLP for the identification of Mucorales and some important Mucor and Lichtheimia species in pure cultures of Zygomycetes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Specific sense and anti-sense primers were used to amplify the Mucorales, Mucor, and Lichtheimia DNA. The PCR products were digested by AfIII, XmnI, and AcII restriction enzymes, and the resultant restriction pattern was analyzed.
RESULTS
On the basis of the molecular and morphological data, we identified Mucor plumbeus (10.83%), M. circinelloides (9.17%), Lichtheimia corymbifera (9.17%), M. racemosus (5.83%), M. ramosissimus (3.33%), and L. blakesleeana (0.83%).
CONCLUSIONS
It seems that PCR-RFLP is a suitable technique for the identification of Mucorales at the species level.
PubMed: 27284399
DOI: 10.5812/jjm.35237 -
Persoonia Jun 2020species are common soil fungi but also known as agents of human infections (mucormycosis) and used in food production and biotechnology. is the species that is most...
species are common soil fungi but also known as agents of human infections (mucormycosis) and used in food production and biotechnology. is the species that is most frequently isolated from clinical sources. The taxonomy of and its close relatives ( complex - MCC) is still based on morphology and mating behaviour. The aim of the present study was a revised taxonomy of the MCC using a polyphasic approach. Using a set of 100 strains molecular phylogenetic analysis of five markers (ITS, , , , and , introduced here) were performed, combined with phenotypic studies, mating tests and the determination of the maximum growth temperatures. The multi-locus analyses revealed 16 phylogenetic species of which 14 showed distinct phenotypical traits and were recognised as discrete species. Five of these species are introduced as novel taxa: sp. nov., sp. nov., sp. nov., sp. nov., and sp. nov. The former formae of represent one or two separate species. In the MCC, the simple presence of well-shaped zygospores only indicates a close relation of both strains, but not necessarily conspecificity. Seven species of the MCC have been implemented in human infection: , , , and .
PubMed: 33116336
DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2020.44.03 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Aug 2019Recently, the species concept of opportunistic and its relatives has been revised, resulting in the recognition of its classical formae as independent species and the...
Recently, the species concept of opportunistic and its relatives has been revised, resulting in the recognition of its classical formae as independent species and the description of new species. In this study, we used isolates of all clinically relevant species and performed susceptibility testing using the EUCAST reference method to identify potential species-specific susceptibility patterns. susceptibility profiles of 101 mucoralean strains belonging to the genus (72), the closely related species (3), (12), (10), and (4) to six antifungals (amphotericin B, natamycin, terbinafine, isavuconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole) were determined. The most active drug for all Mucorales was amphotericin B. Antifungal susceptibility profiles of pathogenic species were specific for isavuconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole. The species formerly united in showed clear differences in their antifungal susceptibilities. , , ( f. ), and exhibited high MICs to all azoles tested. presented high MICs for isavuconazole and posaconazole, and and showed high MICs for isavuconazole. MIC values of spp. for posaconazole, isavuconazole, and itraconazole were high compared to those for and the Lichtheimiaceae ( and ). Molecular identification combined with susceptibility testing is recommended for species, especially if azoles are applied in treatment.
Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Humans; Itraconazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mucor; Mucormycosis; Natamycin; Nitriles; Pyridines; Rhizopus; Species Specificity; Terbinafine; Triazoles
PubMed: 31182532
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00653-19 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Jul 2009The present study aimed to evaluate the ability for biotransformation of the Diels-Alder adduct tricyclo[6.2.1.0(2,7)]undeca-4,9-dien-3,6-dione (1) and two synthetic...
The present study aimed to evaluate the ability for biotransformation of the Diels-Alder adduct tricyclo[6.2.1.0(2,7)]undeca-4,9-dien-3,6-dione (1) and two synthetic derivatives by the saprobe fungus Mucor ramosissimus Samutsevitsch. Products from oxidation, isomerization and, regioselective and enantioselective reduction were achieved.
PubMed: 24031400
DOI: 10.1590/S1517-838220090003000019 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 1993Mucor ramosissimus Samutsevitsch is presented for the first time as an etiologic agent of cutaneous zygomycosis in a patient with aplastic anemia on immunosuppressive...
Mucor ramosissimus Samutsevitsch is presented for the first time as an etiologic agent of cutaneous zygomycosis in a patient with aplastic anemia on immunosuppressive therapy. This report also represents the third case caused by this species reported in the literature. A biopsy taken from a lesion on the patient's thigh revealed broad, nonseptate, nonbranching hyphae compatible in morphology with a Zygomycete; M. ramosissimus was cultured twice from the thigh lesion. The patient was treated successfully with amphotericin B. Identifying features of M. ramosissimus include the following: numerous sporangia lacking columellae and resembling those of Mortierella spp., short, erect sporangiophores repeatedly branching sympodially; tough, persistent, and diffluent sporangial walls; numerous oidia in chains; extremely low colonies; and restricted growth at 36 degrees C. This paper describes the isolate and strives to alert the clinical microbiologist to this rarely reported pathogen.
Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Anemia, Aplastic; Dermatomycoses; Female; Humans; Mucor; Mucormycosis; Thigh
PubMed: 8408580
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.31.9.2523-2525.1993 -
Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ :... Feb 2018Ten fungal strains; namely, , , , , , , , , and were isolated from soil. The extra- and intra-cellular extracts of the fungal strains grown on malt extract and...
Ten fungal strains; namely, , , , , , , , , and were isolated from soil. The extra- and intra-cellular extracts of the fungal strains grown on malt extract and yeast-extract sucrose media were screened for their anticandidal activity against different clinically-isolated species. Most of the fungal extracts showed activity against different species. However, the fungal strains grew on malt extract showed greater activities than those grew on yeast extract sucrose media. The activity of the intracellular was higher than the extracellular metabolites. All fungal extracts (extra and intra) were similar in chemical constituent; they contained carbohydrates and/or glycosides, unsaturated sterols and/or triterpens, tannins and traces of coumarins. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones and cardenolides were no detected. The intra-cellular extracts contained more compounds than the extra-cellular extracts.
PubMed: 30166924
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.12.003 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Mar 2015Clinical breakpoints (CBPs) have not been established for the Mucorales and any antifungal agent. In lieu of CBPs, epidemiologic cutoff values (ECVs) are proposed for...
Multicenter evaluation of MIC distributions for epidemiologic cutoff value definition to detect amphotericin B, posaconazole, and itraconazole resistance among the most clinically relevant species of Mucorales.
Clinical breakpoints (CBPs) have not been established for the Mucorales and any antifungal agent. In lieu of CBPs, epidemiologic cutoff values (ECVs) are proposed for amphotericin B, posaconazole, and itraconazole and four Mucorales species. Wild-type (WT) MIC distributions (organisms in a species-drug combination with no detectable acquired resistance mechanisms) were defined with available pooled CLSI MICs from 14 laboratories (Argentina, Australia, Canada, Europe, India, Mexico, and the United States) as follows: 10 Apophysomyces variabilis, 32 Cunninghamella bertholletiae, 136 Lichtheimia corymbifera, 10 Mucor indicus, 123 M. circinelloides, 19 M. ramosissimus, 349 Rhizopus arrhizus, 146 R. microsporus, 33 Rhizomucor pusillus, and 36 Syncephalastrum racemosum isolates. CLSI broth microdilution MICs were aggregated for the analyses. ECVs comprising ≥95% and ≥97.5% of the modeled populations were as follows: amphotericin B ECVs for L. corymbifera were 1 and 2 μg/ml, those for M. circinelloides were 1 and 2 μg/ml, those for R. arrhizus were 2 and 4 μg/ml, and those for R. microsporus were 2 and 2 μg/ml, respectively; posaconazole ECVs for L. corymbifera were 1 and 2, those for M. circinelloides were 4 and 4, those for R. arrhizus were 1 and 2, and those for R. microsporus were 1 and 2, respectively; both itraconazole ECVs for R. arrhizus were 2 μg/ml. ECVs may aid in detecting emerging resistance or isolates with reduced susceptibility (non-WT MICs) to the agents evaluated.
Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal; Humans; Itraconazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mucorales; Mucormycosis; Triazoles
PubMed: 25583714
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.04435-14 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... 2017Mucorales comprises fungi commonly isolated as saprobes from soil, dung, stored grains and plants. Although these fungi have been studied in several countries, there are...
Mucorales comprises fungi commonly isolated as saprobes from soil, dung, stored grains and plants. Although these fungi have been studied in several countries, there are relatively a few reports of them in semi-arid areas. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to assess and compare the Mucorales communities in dung from different species and breeds of herbivores in the semi-arid of Pernambuco, based on the frequency of occurrence and species richness of these fungi. Samples of dung collected in the cities of Arcoverde, Serra Talhada and Sertânia were incubated in moist chambers in triplicate. Altogether, 24 taxa of Mucorales distributed in the genera Absidia, Circinella, Cunninghamella, Lichtheimia, Mucor, Pilobolus, Rhizopus and Syncephalastrum were identified. The highest species richness was found in sheep excrement. Mucor circinelloides f. griseo-cyanus was the most common taxon, followed by M. ramosissimus. The similarity of the composition of Mucorales species was greatest between the excrements of Guzerá and Sindi breeds (bovine). All mucoralean species isolated are being cited for the first time from animal dung found in Caatinga and a new species of Mucor was recorded. An identification key for species of Mucorales from dung in the semi-arid region of Brazil is provided.
Topics: Animals; Biodiversity; Brazil; Cattle; Cluster Analysis; Environmental Microbiology; Herbivory; Mucorales; Sheep
PubMed: 27769884
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.09.008 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Apr 2008To investigate the effects of sterile fine dust aerosol inhalation on antibody responses and lung tissue changes induced by Mucor ramosissimus or Trichoderma viride...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of sterile fine dust aerosol inhalation on antibody responses and lung tissue changes induced by Mucor ramosissimus or Trichoderma viride spores following intratracheal inoculation in goats.
ANIMALS
36 weanling Boer-Spanish goats.
PROCEDURES
6 goats were allocated to each of 2 M ramosissimus-inoculated groups, 2 T viride-inoculated groups, and 2 control (tent or pen) groups. One of each pair of sporetreated groups and the tent control group were exposed 7 times to sterilized fine feedyard dust (mean+/-SD particle diameter, <7.72+/-0.69 microm) for 4 hours in a specially constructed tent. Goats in the 4 fungal treatment groups were inoculated intratracheally 5 times with a fungal spore preparation (30 mL), whereas tent control goats were intratracheally inoculated with physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (30 mL). Pen control goats were not inoculated or exposed to dust. Goats received an IV challenge with equine RBCs to assess antibody responses to foreign antigens. Postmortem examinations were performed at study completion (day 68) to evaluate lung tissue lesions.
RESULTS
5 of 7 deaths occurred between days 18 and 45 and were attributed to fine dust exposures prior to fungal treatments. Fine dust inhalation induced similar lung lesions and precipitating antibodies among spore-treated goats. Following spore inoculations, dust-exposed goats had significantly more spores per gram of consolidated lung tissue than did their nonexposed counterparts.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Fine dust inhalation appeared to decrease the ability of goats to successfully clear fungal spores from the lungs following intratracheal inoculation.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Animals; Antibodies, Fungal; Body Temperature; Dust; Female; Goat Diseases; Goats; Leukocyte Count; Lung; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Male; Mucor; Mycoses; Random Allocation; Spores, Fungal; Trichoderma
PubMed: 18380582
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.69.4.501