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BMC Microbiology May 2022To explore the impact of pre-pregnancy vaginal Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) colonization of low abundance on female fecundability.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the impact of pre-pregnancy vaginal Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) colonization of low abundance on female fecundability.
METHODS
In total, 89 females participating in a pre-pregnancy health examination program were included, and their pregnancy outcomes were followed up for 1 year. Vaginal swabs were collected, 16S rRNA genes were sequenced, and M. hominis colonization was confirmed by qPCR. Cox models were used to estimate the fecundability odds ratio (FOR) for women with M. hominis.
RESULTS
The prevalence of M. hominis was 22.47% (20/89), and the abundance was relatively low (the cycle thresholds of the qPCR were all more than 25). In terms of the vaginal microbiome, the Simpson index of the positive group was significantly lower than that of the negative group (P = 0.003), which means that the microbiome diversity appeared to increase with M. hominis positivity. The relative abundance of M. hominis was negatively correlated with Lactobacillus crispatus (rho = - 0.24, P = 0.024), but positively correlated with Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae and Prevotella bivia (P all < 0.05). The cumulative one-year pregnancy rate for the M. hominis positive group was lower than that in the negative group (58.96% vs 66.76%, log-rank test: P = 0.029). After controlling for potential confounders, the risk of pregnancy in the M. hominis positive group was reduced by 38% when compared with the positive group (FOR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42-0.93).
CONCLUSION
The vaginal colonization of M. hominis at a low level in pre-pregnant women is negatively correlated with female fecundability.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Female; Fertility; Gardnerella vaginalis; Humans; Male; Mycoplasma hominis; Pregnancy; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vagina; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 35513786
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02545-7 -
Medicine Nov 2022Artificial joint infection caused by Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum is rare and has not been reported.
RATIONALE
Artificial joint infection caused by Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum is rare and has not been reported.
PATIENTS CONCERNS
A 59-year-old man underwent left total knee arthroplasty for 1 year of pain in the left knee joint. The indwelling urinary catheter was removed after 48 hour of the surgery. On day 8 after the surgery, the patient had fever, increased skin temperature, swelling and redness around the surgical site, and floating patella test (+). According to experience, Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin and Linezolid were administrated. Evident decrease in C-reactive protein was observed after Linezolid administration, while there was no significant improvement in clinical symptoms. Microbiome sequencing was performed, resulting in diagnosis of positive M hominis and U urealyticum. The patient was then treated with Doxycycline in the following 3 months. During the 11-month outpatient follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence of infection.
DIAGNOSIS
Microbiome sequencing was performed, resulting in diagnosis of positive M hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum.
INTERVENTIONS
The patient recovered following with Doxycycline in the following 3 months.
OUTCOMES
During the 11-month outpatient follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence of infection.
LESSONS
M hominis and U urealyticum are common pathogens of the urinary system infections but they are rare in osteoarticular infections. In cases of fever, swelling and heat pain around the surgical site, joint fluid, negative blood culture and being irresponsive to anti-bacterial agents against the cell wall, special bacteria-related infection should be highly suspected.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma hominis; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Doxycycline; Linezolid; Mycoplasma Infections; Ureaplasma Infections; Bacterial Infections; Pain
PubMed: 36397449
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000031202 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2017The symbiosis of and is the first described association between two obligate human parasites. is the niche and the vector for the transmission of infection. This...
The symbiosis of and is the first described association between two obligate human parasites. is the niche and the vector for the transmission of infection. This clinically significant symbiosis may affect virulence and susceptibility to treatment. The aims of this study were to investigate the intracellularly present and species in strains isolated from the vaginal discharge of infected women as well as to trace the diversity pattern among the species detected in the isolated strains. Hundred pure cultures were isolated from ~7,500 patient specimens presented with clinical purulent vaginitis. PCR and sequencing for spp. were performed in DNA extracted from the pure cultures. In addition, vaginal discharge samples were cultured for the presence of and . Phylogenetic analysis assisted the identification of interspecies relationships between the and isolates. Fifty four percentage of isolates were harboring spp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinct clusters, two with already characterized and spp. (37% of total spp.), whereas one group formed a distinct cluster matched with the newly identified species (59.3%) and one or more unknown spp. (3.7%). strains associated with vaginal infection might host intracellular mycoplasmas or ureaplasmas. Intracellular Mollicutes that remain undetected in the extracellular environment when conventional diagnostic methods are implemented may comprise either novel species, such as , or unknown species with yet unexplored clinical significance.
PubMed: 28702014
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01188 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Jan 2022(), which causes central nervous system infections in adults, is very rare. It is also relatively difficult to culture mycoplasma and culturing requires special media,...
BACKGROUND
(), which causes central nervous system infections in adults, is very rare. It is also relatively difficult to culture mycoplasma and culturing requires special media, resulting in a high rate of clinical underdiagnosis. Therefore, clinicians often treat patients based on their own experience before obtaining pathogenic results and may ignore infections with atypical pathogens, thus delaying the diagnosis and treatment of patients and increasing the length of hospital stay and costs.
CASE SUMMARY
A 44-year-old man presented to the hospital complaining of recurrent dizziness for 1 year, which had worsened in the last week. After admission, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a 7.0 cm × 6.0 cm × 6.1 cm lesion at the skull base, which was irregular in shape and had a midline shift to the left. Based on imaging findings, meningioma was our primary consideration. After lesion resection, the patient had persistent fever and a diagnosis of suppurative meningitis based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination. The patient was treated with the highest level of antibiotics (meropenem and linezolid), but the response was ineffective. Finally, was detected by next-generation metagenomic sequencing (mNGS) in the CSF. Therefore, we changed the antibiotics to moxifloxacin 0.4 g daily combined with doxycycline 0.1 g twice a day for 2 wk, and the patient had a normal temperature the next day.
CONCLUSION
Mycoplasma meningitis after neurosurgery is rare. We can use mNGS to detect in the CSF and then provide targeted treatment.
PubMed: 35127929
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i3.1131 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023In , two genes ( and ) have been found to be associated with the invasion of the amniotic cavity, and a single gene () to be associated with intra-amniotic infections...
In , two genes ( and ) have been found to be associated with the invasion of the amniotic cavity, and a single gene () to be associated with intra-amniotic infections and a high risk of preterm birth. The syntopic presence of spp. in the same patient has been shown to correlate with the absence of in . The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of , , and genes in two groups of isolates collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic male and non-pregnant female patients attending an Outpatients Centre. Group A consisted of 26 isolates from patients with only confirmed; group B consisted of 24 isolates from patients with spp. as the only co-infection. We extracted DNA from all isolates and analysed the samples for the presence of , , and in a qPCR assay. Additionally, we determined their cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. We confirmed the presence of the gene in 85% of group A isolates and in 100% of group B isolates; was detected in 46% of the samples in both groups, whereas was found in 73% of group A and 79% of group B isolates, respectively. It was shown that co-colonisation with spp. in the same patient had no effect on the presence of in the respective isolate. We did not observe any cytotoxic effect of the investigated isolates on human cells, regardless of the presence or absence of the investigated genes.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Austria; HeLa Cells; Mycoplasma hominis; Mycoplasma Infections; Premature Birth; Ureaplasma; Virulence; Genes, Bacterial
PubMed: 37175701
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097993 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy May 2020Antibiotic resistance is a global concern; however, data on antibiotic-resistant spp. and are limited in comparison to similar data on other microbes. A total of 492...
Antibiotic resistance is a global concern; however, data on antibiotic-resistant spp. and are limited in comparison to similar data on other microbes. A total of 492 spp. and 13 strains obtained in Hangzhou, China, in 2018 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing for levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and doxycycline using the broth microdilution method. The mechanisms underlying quinolone and macrolide resistance were determined. Meanwhile, a model of the topoisomerase IV complex bound to levofloxacin in wild-type spp. was built to study the quinolone resistance mutations. For spp., the levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and erythromycin resistance rates were 84.69%, 51.44%, and 3.59% in and 82.43%, 62.16%, and 5.40% in , respectively. Of the 13 strains, 11 were resistant to both levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, and five strains showed clindamycin resistance. ParC S83L was the most prevalent mutation in levofloxacin-resistant strains, followed by ParE R448K. The two mutations GyrA S153L and ParC S91I were commonly identified in quinolone-resistant A molecular dynamics-refined structure revealed that quinolone resistance-associated mutations inhibited the interaction and reduced affinity with gyrase or topoisomerase IV and quinolones. The novel mutations S21A in the L4 protein and G2654T and T2245C in 23S rRNA and the gene were identified in erythromycin-resistant spp. As fluoroquinolone resistance in spp. and remains high in China, the rational use of antibiotics needs to be further enhanced.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Macrolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Quinolones; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum
PubMed: 32229497
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02560-19 -
Yonsei Medical Journal Sep 2016Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) are important opportunistic pathogens that cause urogenital infections and complicate...
Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) are important opportunistic pathogens that cause urogenital infections and complicate pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, effects on pregnancy outcomes, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of M. hominis and U. urealyticum. We tested vaginal swabs obtained from 1035 pregnant women for the presence of genital mycoplasmas between June 2009 and May 2014. The laboratory and clinical aspects of genital mycoplasmas infection were reviewed retrospectively, and the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of genital mycoplasmas were determined using the Mycoplasma IST-2 kit. A total of 571 instances of M. hominis and/or U. urealyticum were detected. Of them, M. hominis was detected in two specimens, whereas U. urealyticum was detected in 472 specimens. The remaining 97 specimens were positive for both M. hominis and U. urealyticum. Preterm deliveries were frequently observed in cases of mixed infection of M. hominis and U. urealyticum, and instances of preterm premature rupture of membrane were often found in cases of U. urealyticum. The rates of non-susceptible isolates to erythromycin, empirical agents for pregnant women, showed increasing trends. In conclusion, the prevalence of M. hominis and/or U. urealyticum infections in pregnant women is high, and the resistance rate of antimicrobial agents tends to increase. Therefore, to maintain a safe pregnancy, it is important to identify the isolates and use appropriate empirical antibiotics immediately.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy Outcome; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Young Adult
PubMed: 27401661
DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.5.1271 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2017Recent studies have suggested that the vaginal microenvironment plays a role in persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and thus cervical...
BACKGROUND
Recent studies have suggested that the vaginal microenvironment plays a role in persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and thus cervical carcinogenesis. Furthermore, it has been shown that some mycoplasmas are efficient methylators and may facilitate carcinogenesis through methylation of hrHPV and cervical somatic cells. We examined associations between prevalence and persistence of spp. in the vaginal microbiota, and prevalent as well as persistent hrHPV infections.
METHODS
We examined 194 Nigerian women who were tested for hrHPV infection using SPF/LiPA and we identified and in their vaginal microbiota established by sequencing the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. We defined the prevalence of , and hrHPV based on positive result of baseline tests, while persistence was defined as positive results from two consecutive tests. We used exact logistic regression models to estimate associations between spp. and hrHPV infections.
RESULTS
The mean (SD) age of the study participants was 38 (8) years, 71% were HIV positive, 30% positive, 45% positive, and 40% hrHPV positive at baseline. At follow-up, 16% of the women remained positive for , 30% for , and 31% for hrHPV. There was a significant association between persistent and persistent hrHPV (OR 8.78, 95% CI 1.49-51.6, 0.01). Women who were positive for HIV and had persistent had threefold increase in the odds of having persistent hrHPV infection (OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.31-8.74, 0.008), compared to women who were negative for both.
CONCLUSION
We found significant association between persistent in the vaginal microbiota and persistent hrHPV in this study, but we could not rule out reverse causation. Our findings need to be replicated in larger, longitudinal studies and if confirmed, could have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
PubMed: 28695118
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00140 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Feb 2022Mycoplasma hominis is typically associated with a urogenital tract infection, while its association with bacteremia and pneumonia is rare and therefore easily...
BACKGROUND
Mycoplasma hominis is typically associated with a urogenital tract infection, while its association with bacteremia and pneumonia is rare and therefore easily overlooked. Here we report a M. hominis bloodstream infection and pneumonia in a surgical patient.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 56-year-old male with symptoms of pneumonia underwent microsurgery and decompressive craniectomy after a left basal ganglia hemorrhage. The patient recovered well from surgery, but pulmonary symptoms progressively worsened, with antimicrobial therapies seemingly ineffective. Culturing of bilateral blood samples resulted in pin-point-sized colonies on blood agar plates, which were subsequently identified as M. hominis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Furthermore, sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage samples also identified M. hominis as the main pathogen responsible for the pulmonary symptoms. The M. hominis strain was ciprofloxacin resistant, but susceptible to doxycycline and moxifloxacin. Doxycycline and moxifloxacin were subsequently used in a successful combination therapy that finally alleviated the patient's fever and resulted in absorption of pleural effusion. At 1-month follow-up, following complaints of dysuria, a prostate abscess containing M. hominis was detected as the likely primary source of infection. The abscess was successfully drained and treated with doxycycline.
CONCLUSIONS
Mycoplasma hominis should be considered as a source of bloodstream infections and pneumonia, particularly when the response to standard antimicrobial therapy is limited. In this case, effective antimicrobial therapy was only commenced after identification of M. hominis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Neurosurgery; Pneumonia; Sepsis
PubMed: 35189827
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07137-4 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... May 2019Miscarriage is one of the most common adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between miscarriage in humans and infections...
INTRODUCTION
Miscarriage is one of the most common adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between miscarriage in humans and infections caused by zoonotic bacteria and genital pathogens.
METHODOLOGY
Cervicovaginal swabs and placenta samples from 132 women with miscarriage (patient group: PG), and cervicovaginal swabs from 54 women with normal pregnancy (control group:CG), were subjected to bacteriological culture and real time PCRs detecting Coxiella burnetii, Brucella spp, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Waddlia chondrophila and Parachlamydia acanthamoebeae DNA. Serology of C. burnetii, C. trachomatis and W. chondrophila was also performed.
RESULTS
Placenta samples were positive for E. coli, S. agalactiae, U. urealyticum, M. hominis and C. trachomatis in 4.7%, 3.1%, 3.1%, 0.7% and 0.7% of cases, respectively. For cervicovaginal swabs, M. hominis was more frequently detected among PG than CG with a significant statistical difference (p = 0.02). C. trachomatis was detected in 3.3% and 5.5% among PG and CG, respectively. U. urealyticum DNA was detected with high percentages in the two groups. Samples from both groups showed negatives results for C. burnetii, Waddlia, and Brucella qPCRs. A high rate of W. chondrophila seroprevalence (42%) was noted with significant difference among women with early miscarriage.
CONCLUSIONS
C. trachomatis, S. agalactiae and M. hominis may play a role in miscarriage. However, the full characterization of the vaginal flora using other technologies such as NGS-based metagenomics is needed to clarify their role in miscarriage. Finally, further investigations should be performed to explain high W. chondrophila seroprevalence.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Bacteria; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Tunisia; Vagina; Young Adult; Zoonoses
PubMed: 32053510
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.9829