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Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy May 2020Antibiotic resistance is a global concern; however, data on antibiotic-resistant spp. and are limited in comparison to similar data on other microbes. A total of 492...
Antibiotic resistance is a global concern; however, data on antibiotic-resistant spp. and are limited in comparison to similar data on other microbes. A total of 492 spp. and 13 strains obtained in Hangzhou, China, in 2018 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing for levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and doxycycline using the broth microdilution method. The mechanisms underlying quinolone and macrolide resistance were determined. Meanwhile, a model of the topoisomerase IV complex bound to levofloxacin in wild-type spp. was built to study the quinolone resistance mutations. For spp., the levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and erythromycin resistance rates were 84.69%, 51.44%, and 3.59% in and 82.43%, 62.16%, and 5.40% in , respectively. Of the 13 strains, 11 were resistant to both levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, and five strains showed clindamycin resistance. ParC S83L was the most prevalent mutation in levofloxacin-resistant strains, followed by ParE R448K. The two mutations GyrA S153L and ParC S91I were commonly identified in quinolone-resistant A molecular dynamics-refined structure revealed that quinolone resistance-associated mutations inhibited the interaction and reduced affinity with gyrase or topoisomerase IV and quinolones. The novel mutations S21A in the L4 protein and G2654T and T2245C in 23S rRNA and the gene were identified in erythromycin-resistant spp. As fluoroquinolone resistance in spp. and remains high in China, the rational use of antibiotics needs to be further enhanced.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Macrolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Quinolones; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum
PubMed: 32229497
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02560-19 -
BMJ Case Reports Jan 2021We describe the case of septic arthritis in a 58-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis on immunosuppressive therapy with...
We describe the case of septic arthritis in a 58-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis on immunosuppressive therapy with rituximab. Treatment with anti-CD20 antibodies (eg, rituximab) leads to an immediate depletion of B cells and hence risk of reductions in immunoglobulins and increased risk of infections. This effect may last long after drug cessation. is commensal to the genitourinary tract in sexually active adults. Extragenital infections including septic arthritis are rare, but hypogammaglobulinaemia is a predisposing factor. As requires extended culture, special media or PCR analysis, it is not tested routinely, which in many cases delays diagnosis and correct treatment. In our case, a diagnosis of septic arthritis was made after 9 weeks by PCR analysis and culture of joint fluid. The patient responded well to an 8-week treatment course of moxifloxacin and doxycycline.
Topics: Agammaglobulinemia; Arthritis, Infectious; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis
PubMed: 33468512
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-237798 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jun 2019A high proportion of men who have sex with men (MSM) use geosocial networking apps (Apps) to seek partners. However, the relationship of app use with HIV risk is...
BACKGROUND
A high proportion of men who have sex with men (MSM) use geosocial networking apps (Apps) to seek partners. However, the relationship of app use with HIV risk is unknown. Further, the risks of some sexually transmitted infection (STIs), including Mycoplasma genitalium, have seldom been studied among MSM.
METHODS
MSM were enrolled at a community-based HIV testing site in Shenyang, China. After completing a questionnaire survey, we collected rectal swabs and venous blood specimens. We then simultaneously tested for ten STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT], Neisseria gonorrhea [NG], Ureaplasma urealyticum [Uu], Ureaplasma parvum species [Up1, Up3, Up6, Up14), Mycoplasma hominis [Mh], Mycoplasma genitalium [Mg], and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) using multiple PCR. We also performed blood tests for HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis C antibody (HCV-Ab), Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg), and Hepatitis A-IgM (HAV-IgM), etc. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-three MSM participated in this study, of which 51.4% reported seeking partners through apps in the past year. The prevalence of HIV was 19.7%, Syphilis 12.0%, HAV 1.1%, rectal Mg 15.3% and Mh 7.1%. Multivariable logistic regression showed that HIV infection was independently correlated with app-using behavior (adjusted odds ratio[aOR] = 2.6), Mg infection (aOR = 3.2), Mh infection (aOR = 4.1) and Syphilis infection (aOR = 3.1) (each P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
App use, Mg, Mh and Syphilis infection were correlated with higher HIV Risk in MSM. Geosocial networking apps should be utilized for HIV interventions targeting MSM. There is a need for more expansive STIs screening, particularly for Mg, Mh and Syphilis in MSM.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Adolescent; Adult; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; HIV; HIV Infections; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma genitalium; Mycoplasma hominis; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sexual Partners; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Young Adult
PubMed: 31164096
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4138-5 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Mycoplasma hominis; Soft Tissue Infections; Mycoplasma Infections
PubMed: 36800686
DOI: 10.37201/req/115.2022 -
International Journal of Bacteriology 2013Objective. We compared laboratory developed real-time PCR assays for detection of Mycoplasma hominis and for detection and differentiation of Ureaplasma urealyticum and...
Objective. We compared laboratory developed real-time PCR assays for detection of Mycoplasma hominis and for detection and differentiation of Ureaplasma urealyticum and parvum to culture using genitourinary specimens submitted for M. hominis and Ureaplasma culture. Methods. 283 genitourinary specimens received in the clinical bacteriology laboratory for M. hominis and Ureaplasma species culture were evaluated. Nucleic acids were extracted using the Total Nucleic Acid Kit on the MagNA Pure 2.0. 5 μL of the extracts were combined with 15 μL of each of the two master mixes. Assays were performed on the LightCycler 480 II system. Culture was performed using routine methods. Results. M. hominis PCR detected 38/42 M. hominis culture-positive specimens, as well as 2 that were culture negative (sensitivity, 90.5%; specificity, 99.2%). Ureaplasma PCR detected 139/144 Ureaplasma culture-positive specimens, as well as 9 that were culture negative (sensitivity, 96.5%; specificity, 93.6%). Of the specimens that tested positive for Ureaplasma species, U. urealyticum alone was detected in 33, U. parvum alone in 109, and both in 6. Conclusion. The described PCR assays are rapid alternatives to culture for detection of M. hominis and Ureaplasma species, and, unlike culture, the Ureaplasma assay easily distinguishes U. urealyticum from parvum.
PubMed: 26904723
DOI: 10.1155/2013/168742 -
International Journal of Infectious... Feb 2010Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum are important opportunistic pathogens implicated in urogenital infections and complicated pregnancy. We aimed to study the...
BACKGROUND
Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum are important opportunistic pathogens implicated in urogenital infections and complicated pregnancy. We aimed to study the role of these pathogens in symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women and determine their clinical significance and antibiotic susceptibility.
METHODS
One hundred pregnant women were included in the study, 50 symptomatic patients and 50 asymptomatic controls. Duplicate endocervical samples were taken from each individual and analyzed using the Mycoplasma IST-2 kit and A7 agar medium. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested against doxycycline, josamycin, ofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and pristinamycin using the Mycoplasma IST-2 kit.
RESULTS
Twelve symptomatic pregnant women had spontaneous abortions. Of these, eight (66.7%) cases had been colonized with M. hominis and/or U. urealyticum. Of the pregnant women infected with M. hominis and/or U. urealyticum, 40.7% delivered a low birth weight infant. M. hominis was successfully cultured in five women (5%) and U. urealyticum in 27 (27%). Among positive cultures, 15.6% and 84.4% of isolates were M. hominis and U. urealyticum, respectively. M. hominis and U. urealyticum were uniformly susceptible to doxycycline, tetracycline, and pristinamycin, which may be successfully used in the empirical therapy of infected individuals.
CONCLUSIONS
It can be concluded that genital colonization with M. hominis and U. urealyticum may predispose to spontaneous abortion and low birth weight.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Prevalence; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Urogenital System; Young Adult
PubMed: 19515594
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.03.020 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Dec 2023Mycoplasma hominis, an opportunistic pathogen of the human lower urogenital tract, can survive and replicate within the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, establishing an...
Patterns of antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasma hominis endosymbiont of Trichomonas vaginalis and the influence of bacterial intracellular location on drug susceptibility.
OBJECTIVES
Mycoplasma hominis, an opportunistic pathogen of the human lower urogenital tract, can survive and replicate within the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, establishing an endosymbiotic relationship. The intracellular location may provide a means for the bacteria to evade the immune system and protection from antimicrobial activities. Our aim was to investigate the influence of the endosymbiotic association of M. hominis with trichomonad cells on bacterial antibiotic susceptibility.
METHODS
We evaluated antibiotic resistance patterns in a group of M. hominis isolated from T. vaginalis clinical specimens as well as in M. hominis isolated from patients without trichomoniasis. Using an experimental model system, we compared the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and lethal concentration (MLC) of tetracycline on M. hominis endosymbionts of T. vaginalis and extracellular bacteria.
RESULTS
The incidence rate of M. hominis strains resistant to C14 and C15 macrolide antibiotics was higher in intracellular strains associated with T. vaginalis compared with extracellular bacteria isolated from women not affected by trichomoniasis. However, sensitivity to tetracycline and quinolones was similar in both groups. In vitro experiments demonstrated that M. hominis strains, when isolated as endosymbionts from T. vaginalis, exhibited reduced sensitivity to tetracycline when cultured extracellularly for at least eight weeks.
CONCLUSION
The intracellular localization of bacteria within trichomonad cells may affect antibiotic susceptibility.
Topics: Humans; Female; Trichomonas vaginalis; Metronidazole; Mycoplasma hominis; Trichomonas Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Bacteria; Tetracyclines
PubMed: 37816433
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.09.021 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023In , two genes ( and ) have been found to be associated with the invasion of the amniotic cavity, and a single gene () to be associated with intra-amniotic infections...
In , two genes ( and ) have been found to be associated with the invasion of the amniotic cavity, and a single gene () to be associated with intra-amniotic infections and a high risk of preterm birth. The syntopic presence of spp. in the same patient has been shown to correlate with the absence of in . The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of , , and genes in two groups of isolates collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic male and non-pregnant female patients attending an Outpatients Centre. Group A consisted of 26 isolates from patients with only confirmed; group B consisted of 24 isolates from patients with spp. as the only co-infection. We extracted DNA from all isolates and analysed the samples for the presence of , , and in a qPCR assay. Additionally, we determined their cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. We confirmed the presence of the gene in 85% of group A isolates and in 100% of group B isolates; was detected in 46% of the samples in both groups, whereas was found in 73% of group A and 79% of group B isolates, respectively. It was shown that co-colonisation with spp. in the same patient had no effect on the presence of in the respective isolate. We did not observe any cytotoxic effect of the investigated isolates on human cells, regardless of the presence or absence of the investigated genes.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Austria; HeLa Cells; Mycoplasma hominis; Mycoplasma Infections; Premature Birth; Ureaplasma; Virulence; Genes, Bacterial
PubMed: 37175701
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097993 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Mar 2014Genital mycoplasmas colonise up to 80% of sexually mature women and may invade the amniotic cavity during pregnancy and cause complications. Tetracyclines and...
BACKGROUND
Genital mycoplasmas colonise up to 80% of sexually mature women and may invade the amniotic cavity during pregnancy and cause complications. Tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones are contraindicated in pregnancy and erythromycin is often used to treat patients. However, increasing resistance to common antimicrobial agents is widely reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of genital mycoplasmas in pregnant women.
METHODS
Self-collected vaginal swabs were obtained from 96 pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in Gauteng, South Africa. Specimens were screened with the Mycofast Revolution assay for the presence of Ureaplasma species and Mycoplasma hominis. The antimicrobial susceptibility to levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline were determined at various breakpoints. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay was used to speciate Ureaplasma positive specimens as either U. parvum or U. urealyticum.
RESULTS
Seventy-six percent (73/96) of specimens contained Ureaplasma spp., while 39.7% (29/73) of Ureaplasma positive specimens were also positive for M. hominis. Susceptibilities of Ureaplasma spp. to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin were 59% (26/44) and 98% (43/44) respectively. Mixed isolates (Ureaplasma species and M. hominis) were highly resistant to erythromycin and tetracycline (both 97% resistance). Resistance of Ureaplasma spp. to erythromycin was 80% (35/44) and tetracycline resistance was detected in 73% (32/44) of Ureaplasma spp. Speciation indicated that U. parvum was the predominant Ureaplasma spp. conferring antimicrobial resistance.
CONCLUSIONS
Treatment options for genital mycoplasma infections are becoming limited. More elaborative studies are needed to elucidate the diverse antimicrobial susceptibility patterns found in this study when compared to similar studies. To prevent complications in pregnant women, the foetus and the neonate, routine screening for the presence of genital mycoplasmas is recommended. In addition, it is recommended that antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are determined.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycoplasma hominis; Mycoplasmatales Infections; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Ureaplasma
PubMed: 24679107
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-171 -
International Journal of Reproductive... Nov 2021Genetic evidence of asymptomatic () and () infection associated with infertility among females is lacking because suitable high throughput molecular methods have not...
BACKGROUND
Genetic evidence of asymptomatic () and () infection associated with infertility among females is lacking because suitable high throughput molecular methods have not been applied.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to explore the occurrence of and in the genital tract of females with asymptomatic infection and infertility as well as determine their genetic relatedness.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study group included 100 asymptomatic females and 31 females diagnosed with infertility. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene following DNA extraction was performed directly from endo-cervical swabs. Phylogenetic analysis established the genetic linkage between the isolates from both groups.
RESULTS
In asymptomatic females, and were detected with a prevalence of 8% and 2% respectively. Among females with infertility, the prevalence was 6.45% and 3.23% for and respectively. In both groups, occurred significantly more frequently. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinct clusters in both groups: two with already characterized and species (28.6% of the overall spp.) and one distinct cluster matched with . Furthermore, all from asymptomatic females clustered significantly with infertility contrary to . The cluster was significantly linked to two strains from China.
CONCLUSION
The sequence analysis of and in the genital tract of asymptomatic and infertile females showed significant association; therefore, it is paramount to consider them as possible etiologic agents of infertility and genital infection, especially when the etiology of infertility is unknown.
PubMed: 34977452
DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v19i11.9910