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BME Frontiers 2021. We propose a rapid and accurate blood cell identification method exploiting deep learning and label-free refractive index (RI) tomography. Our computational approach...
. We propose a rapid and accurate blood cell identification method exploiting deep learning and label-free refractive index (RI) tomography. Our computational approach that fully utilizes tomographic information of bone marrow (BM) white blood cell (WBC) enables us to not only classify the blood cells with deep learning but also quantitatively study their morphological and biochemical properties for hematology research. . Conventional methods for examining blood cells, such as blood smear analysis by medical professionals and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, require significant time, costs, and domain knowledge that could affect test results. While label-free imaging techniques that use a specimen's intrinsic contrast (e.g., multiphoton and Raman microscopy) have been used to characterize blood cells, their imaging procedures and instrumentations are relatively time-consuming and complex. . The RI tomograms of the BM WBCs are acquired via Mach-Zehnder interferometer-based tomographic microscope and classified by a 3D convolutional neural network. We test our deep learning classifier for the four types of bone marrow WBC collected from healthy donors (): monocyte, myelocyte, B lymphocyte, and T lymphocyte. The quantitative parameters of WBC are directly obtained from the tomograms. . Our results show >99% accuracy for the binary classification of myeloids and lymphoids and >96% accuracy for the four-type classification of B and T lymphocytes, monocyte, and myelocytes. The feature learning capability of our approach is visualized via an unsupervised dimension reduction technique. . We envision that the proposed cell classification framework can be easily integrated into existing blood cell investigation workflows, providing cost-effective and rapid diagnosis for hematologic malignancy.
PubMed: 37849908
DOI: 10.34133/2021/9893804 -
Texas Heart Institute Journal Dec 2016
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Birth Certificates; Friends; Gift Giving; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Oncologists; Physician-Patient Relations
PubMed: 28100963
DOI: 10.14503/THIJ-16-5913 -
Blood Jun 2022
Topics: Aged; Genomics; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Triticum
PubMed: 35708723
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016195 -
Radiology and Oncology Mar 2019Background Myeloid sarcoma (MS), also known as granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma, is a solid tumor of extramedullary localization composed of malignant primitive myeloid...
Background Myeloid sarcoma (MS), also known as granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma, is a solid tumor of extramedullary localization composed of malignant primitive myeloid cells. The purpose of the study was to identify clinical and imaging features in a large patient sample. Patients and methods Overall, 71 cases (34 females (47.9%) and 37 males (52.1%) with a median age of 56 (± 16 years) of histopathologically confirmed myeloid sarcoma were included into this study. The underlying hematological disease, occurrence, localizations and clinical symptoms as well as imaging features on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were investigated. Results In 4 cases (5.63%) the manifestation of MS preceded the systemic hematological disease by a mean value of 3.8 ± 2.1 months. In 13 cases, first presentation of MS occurred simultaneously with the initial diagnosis of leukemia, and 51 patients presented MS after the initial diagnosis of the underlying malignancy with a mean latency of 39.8 ± 44.9 SD months. The visceral soft tissue was affected in 26 cases, followed by the cutis/subcutis was affected in 21 cases. Further localizations were bones (n = 13), central nervous system (n = 9), lymph nodes (n = 4) and visceral organs (n = 9). Conclusions MS is a rare complication of several hematological malignancies, predominantly of acute myeloid leukemia, which can affect any part of the body. In most cases it occurs after the diagnosis of the underlying malignancy, and affects frequently the cutis and subcutis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Prodromal Symptoms; Sarcoma, Myeloid; Time Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 30893056
DOI: 10.2478/raon-2019-0014 -
Haematologica Dec 2021
Topics: Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Nuclear Proteins
PubMed: 34047523
DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.279070 -
American Journal of Hematology Jan 2016In this Review, the progress in research and therapy of acute myeloid leukemia is detailed. (Review)
Review
In this Review, the progress in research and therapy of acute myeloid leukemia is detailed.
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Translocation, Genetic
PubMed: 26598393
DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24246 -
Immunity Jun 2020The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people worldwide,... (Review)
Review
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people worldwide, igniting an unprecedented effort from the scientific community to understand the biological underpinning of COVID19 pathophysiology. In this Review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immunological pathways that likely contribute to disease severity and death. We also discuss the rationale and clinical outcome of current therapeutic strategies as well as prospective clinical trials to prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Topics: Animals; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Immunologic Memory; Inflammation; Lymphocytes; Myeloid Cells; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32505227
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.05.002 -
Science Advances Sep 2023This report demonstrates a novel class of innate immune cells designated "variable immunoreceptor-expressing myeloids" (VIREMs). Using single-cell transcriptomics and...
This report demonstrates a novel class of innate immune cells designated "variable immunoreceptor-expressing myeloids" (VIREMs). Using single-cell transcriptomics and genome-wide epigenetic profiling, we establish that VIREMs are myeloid cells unrelated to lymphocytes. We visualize the phenotype of B-VIREMs that are capable of genetically recombining and expressing antibody genes, the exclusive hallmark function of B lymphocytes. These cells, designated B-VIREMs, display monoclonal antibody cell surface signatures and regularly circulate in the blood of healthy individuals. Single-cell data reveal clonal expansion of circulating B-VIREMs as a dynamic response to disease stimuli. Live-cell imaging models suggest that B-VIREMs load their own Fc receptors with endogenous antibodies during vesicle transport to the cell surface. A first cloned B-VIREM-derived antibody (Vab1) specifically binds stomatin, a ubiquitous scaffold protein that is strictly expressed intracellularly, allowing Vab1-bearing macrophages to phagocytose cell debris without requiring prior opsonization. Our results suggest important antigen-specific tissue maintenance functionalities in these innate immune cells.
PubMed: 37656789
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg1812 -
Clinical Cancer Research : An Official... Oct 2022A Phase 2 trial of stereotactic radiotherapy and in situ cytotoxic virus therapy in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) followed by...
PURPOSE
A Phase 2 trial of stereotactic radiotherapy and in situ cytotoxic virus therapy in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) followed by pembrolizumab (STOMP) was designed to evaluate dual approach of enhancing single-agent immune checkpoint blockade with adenovirus-mediated expression of herpes-simplex-virus thymidine-kinase (ADV/HSV-tk) plus valacyclovir gene therapy and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with mTNBC.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
In this single-arm, open-label Phase 2 trial, patients with mTNBC were treated with ADV/HSV-tk [5 × 1011 virus particles (vp)] intratumoral injection, followed by SBRT to the injected tumor site, then pembrolizumab (200 mg, every 3 weeks). The primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate [CBR; complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD) ≥ 24 weeks per RECIST version1.1 at non-irradiated site]. Secondary endpoints included duration on treatment (DoT), overall survival (OS), and safety. Exploratory endpoints included immune response to treatment assessed by correlative tissue and blood-based biomarkers.
RESULTS
Twenty-eight patients were enrolled and treated. CBR was seen in 6 patients (21.4%), including 2 CR (7.1%), 1 PR (3.6%), and 3 SD (10.7%). Patients with clinical benefit had durable responses, with median DoT of 9.6 months and OS of 14.7 months. The median OS was 6.6 months in the total population. The combination was well tolerated. Correlative studies with Cytometry by Time of Flight (CyTOF) and imaging mass cytometry (IMC) revealed a significant increase of CD8 T cells in responders and of myeloid cells in non-responders.
CONCLUSIONS
The median OS increased by more than 2-fold in patients with clinical benefit. The therapy is a well-tolerated treatment in heavily pretreated patients with mTNBC. Early detection of increased effector and effector memory CD8 T cells and myeloids correlate with response and non-response, respectively.
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Radiosurgery; Thymidine; Thymidine Kinase; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Valacyclovir
PubMed: 35877117
DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-22-0622 -
Magyar Onkologia Mar 2017The recent advances in the field of molecular biology have enabled a more comprehensive genomic analysis in myeloid malignancies. The studies have unveiled recurrent... (Review)
Review
The recent advances in the field of molecular biology have enabled a more comprehensive genomic analysis in myeloid malignancies. The studies have unveiled recurrent somatic mutations in several genes illuminating the clinical heterogeneity of these diseases. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of de novo and secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in view of recent findings. Mutational analysis of several genes are already included in the everyday diagnostic procedure of AML. The identification of these mutations enables improvements in risk-stratification strategies and provides new potential targets for treatment of AML.
Topics: DNA Mutational Analysis; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Mutation; Neoplasms, Second Primary
PubMed: 28273185
DOI: No ID Found