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International Journal of Clinical and... 2014In this article, we described a malignant myoepithelioma of the breast (MMB) in a 69-year-old woman. Breast cancer derived from myoepithelial cells is very rare, usually... (Review)
Review
In this article, we described a malignant myoepithelioma of the breast (MMB) in a 69-year-old woman. Breast cancer derived from myoepithelial cells is very rare, usually benign. The diagnosis of MMB based on histological and immunohistochemical finding. In this case, the author diagnosed the tumor as MMB, because tumor tissues were immunopositive for 34βE12, P63, SMA, S-100, CD10, E-Cad and Ki-67, and immunnegative for CK5/6, desmin, ER, PR and C-erbB-2, because tumor tissue showed invasive growth and local hemorrhage or necrosis, suggesting malignant, and also because there was a transition between the tumor cells and hyperplastic myoepithelium of non-tumorous ducts. The patient's postoperative recovery is smooth and regular following of patient is essential.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Proliferation; Female; Humans; Hyperplasia; Immunohistochemistry; Mastectomy, Radical; Myoepithelioma; Necrosis; Neoplasm Invasiveness
PubMed: 24966981
DOI: No ID Found -
Cold Spring Harbor Molecular Case... Dec 2022Myoepithelial carcinomas (MECs) of soft tissue are rare and aggressive tumors affecting young adults and children, but their molecular landscape has not been...
Myoepithelial carcinomas (MECs) of soft tissue are rare and aggressive tumors affecting young adults and children, but their molecular landscape has not been comprehensively explored through genome sequencing. Here, we present the whole-exome sequencing (WES), whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and RNA sequencing findings of two MECs. Patients 1 and 2 (P1, P2), both male, were diagnosed at 27 and 37 yr of age, respectively, with shoulder (P1) and inguinal (P2) soft tissue tumors. Both patients developed metastatic disease, and P2 died of disease. P1 tumor showed a rhabdoid cytomorphology and a complete loss of INI1 (SMARCB1) expression, associated with a homozygous deletion. The tumor from P2 showed a clear cell/small cell morphology, retained INI1 expression and strong S100 positivity. By WES and WGS, tumors from both patients displayed low tumor mutation burdens, and no targetable alterations in cancer genes were detected. P2's tumor harbored an rearrangement, whereas the tumor from P1 showed a novel fusion. WGS evidenced a complex genomic event involving mainly Chromosomes 17 and 22 in the tumor from P1, which was consistent with chromoplexy. These findings are consistent with previous reports of rearrangements (50% of cases) in MECs and provide a genetic basis for the loss of SMARCB1 protein expression observed through immunohistochemistry in 10% of 40% of MEC cases. The lack of additional driver mutations in these tumors supports the hypothesis that these alterations are the key molecular events in MEC evolution. Furthermore, the presence of complex structural variant patterns, invisible to WES, highlights the novel biological insights that can be gained through the application of WGS to rare cancers.
Topics: Child; Young Adult; Humans; Male; Myoepithelioma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 36577525
DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006227 -
BMJ Case Reports Jan 2021Myoepithelial tumours are a rare form of salivary gland neoplasm, and their occurrence in the central nervous system is exceedingly rare. The authors report the case of... (Review)
Review
Myoepithelial tumours are a rare form of salivary gland neoplasm, and their occurrence in the central nervous system is exceedingly rare. The authors report the case of an 18-year-old Filipino man presenting with headache and weakness, and on imaging showing an extensive parasagittal tumour at the left posterior parietal area with extracalvarial extension. There was no systemic disease. The patient underwent surgery to excise the tumour, with histopathology showing findings consistent with myoepithelioma. There was no further treatment, given the benign histology of the lesion, but there was recurrence after 8 months. Repeat surgery was done for the patient and he is for adjuvant radiotherapy. This appears to be the 10th reported case of a central nervous myoepithelioma, and the first case in the Philippines of a primary parasagittal myoepithelioma in a paediatric patient. Further information is needed to provide diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations.
Topics: Adolescent; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebral Angiography; Humans; Male; Myoepithelioma; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Parietal Lobe; Philippines; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
PubMed: 33504518
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236479 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Jul 2003Breast glands and salivary glands are tubulo-acinar exocrine glands that can manifest as tumours with similar morphological features, but that differ in incidence and... (Review)
Review
Breast glands and salivary glands are tubulo-acinar exocrine glands that can manifest as tumours with similar morphological features, but that differ in incidence and clinical behaviour depending on whether they are primary in breast or salivary glands. Salivary gland-like tumours of the breast are of two types: tumours with myoepithelial differentiation and those devoid of myoepithelial differentiation. The first and more numerous group comprises a spectrum of lesions ranging from "bona fide" benign (such as benign myoepithelioma and pleomorphic adenoma), to low grade malignant (such as adenoid cystic carcinoma, low grade adenosquamous carcinoma, and adenomyoepithelioma), to high grade malignant lesions (malignant myoepithelioma). The second group comprises lesions that have only recently been recognised, such as acinic cell carcinoma, oncocytic carcinoma of the breast, and the rare mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
Topics: Adenoma; Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid; Female; Humans; Male; Myoepithelioma; Salivary Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 12835294
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.56.7.497 -
SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 2020Myoepitheliomas account for approximately 1.5% of all salivary gland tumors and arise most frequently from the parotid gland. Recently, a new myoepithelioma variant,...
Myoepitheliomas account for approximately 1.5% of all salivary gland tumors and arise most frequently from the parotid gland. Recently, a new myoepithelioma variant, called mucinous myoepithelioma, has attracted widespread attention. These tumors are recognized as a unique subtype of myoepithelioma, characterized by the presence of abundant mucin. We herein report the findings of an 86-year-old Japanese woman who presented with a hard mass of the right parotid gland behind her right ear which was gradually increasing in size. The patient had undergone a fine-needle aspiration biopsy 4 years earlier, and a cytological evaluation of a biopsy specimen had shown features of pleomorphic adenoma. A resection was thus performed and the tissue was found to be an encapsulated, soft and solid mass, and the cut surface was observed to be a capsulated and well-defined tumor lesion with myxoid-looking foci of gray-white coloration. Microscopic examination revealed that this lesion was composed of a proliferation of bland-looking epithelial and myoepithelial cells, arranged in a solid or reticular growth fashion in an abundant myxomatous or hyalinized stroma. These neoplastic epithelial cells had centrally located small nuclei with fine chromatin and abundant clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm, often containing mucin in a uniform pattern. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the tumor cells to be positive for AE1/AE3, S-100 and mucicarmine. Our findings suggest this case to be one myoepithelioma variant of mucinous myoepithelioma, and more experience related to this myoepithelioma variant is necessary to better understand its biological behavior and make an accurate diagnosis for a proper treatment.
PubMed: 33101682
DOI: 10.1177/2050313X20940567 -
JTCVS Techniques Aug 2021A rare and complex procedure, total lung sparing left secondary carinal resection and reconstruction is only performed in a few specialized centers in a restricted group...
OBJECTIVES
A rare and complex procedure, total lung sparing left secondary carinal resection and reconstruction is only performed in a few specialized centers in a restricted group of patients. We reviewed our experience to evaluate its safety.
METHODS
Patients who underwent left secondary carinal resection and reconstruction with complete lung parenchymal preservation for low-grade bronchial malignancies at the Shanghai Chest Hospital and the Padua University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathologic factors and perioperative outcomes were analyzed.
RESULTS
Thirty patients underwent the procedure between July 2012 and July 2019 (mean age, 42.9 years). No operative mortality occurred and postoperative complications developed in 4 patients (13.3%), including pneumonia (n = 3 [10.0%]), subcutaneous emphysema (n = 2 [6.7%]), and prolonged air leak (n = 2 [6.7%]). Pathologies included adenoid cystic carcinoma (n = 11), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n = 6), carcinoid tumors (n = 9 [8 typical and 1 atypical subtypes]), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (n = 3), and myoepithelioma (n = 1). The margins were positive in 8 patients (26.7%), whereas 2 patients (6.7%) had positive lymph nodes. Adjuvant therapies were performed postoperatively, including chemoradiotherapy for positive lymph nodes and radiotherapy for positive margins.
CONCLUSIONS
Total lung sparing left secondary carinal resection and reconstruction can be performed safely in well-selected and oncologically appropriate patients with low-grade bronchial malignancies.
PubMed: 34401852
DOI: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2021.05.013 -
The American Journal of Surgical... Jan 2020Pneumocytic adenomyoepithelioma (PAM) was first described in 2007 and was included in the 2015 World Health Organization Classification of lung tumors as a variant of... (Review)
Review
Pneumocytic adenomyoepithelioma (PAM) was first described in 2007 and was included in the 2015 World Health Organization Classification of lung tumors as a variant of epithelial-myoepithelial tumor. This rare pulmonary neoplasm was reported to show both myoepithelial and duct-like components, with the latter exhibiting pneumocytic differentiation with TTF-1 expression. We present an index case and 6 additional retrospectively identified cases of pulmonary tumors with prototypical features of PAM. However, with additional clinicoradiologic, histologic, immunohistochemical and cytogenetic data, we were able to reclassify them as myoepithelial neoplasms-both primary and metastatic-with entrapped exuberantly hyperplastic alveolar structures lined by TTF-1 pneumocytes. We reviewed the available literature related to PAM and myoepithelial tumors. Our cases suggest that the entity referred to as PAM represents interstitial growth of myoepithelial neoplasms enticing marked proliferation of entrapped pneumocytes rather than a distinct biphasic neoplasm with pneumocytic differentiation.
Topics: Adenomyoepithelioma; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alveolar Epithelial Cells; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Myoepithelioma; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 31567188
DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001376 -
Dermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Cutaneous syncytial myoepithelioma is a recently characterized variant of cutaneous myoepithelioma with a distinct histopathological and immunohistochemical profile. It...
Cutaneous syncytial myoepithelioma is a recently characterized variant of cutaneous myoepithelioma with a distinct histopathological and immunohistochemical profile. It is more common in men and predominately involves upper and lower extremities. Microscopically, it is a dermal tumor with a characteristic solid syncytial growth pattern displaying positivity with EMA and S100 immunohistochemical stains. Lately, EWSR1-PBX3 fusion has been documented in a vast majority. Although it follows a benign clinical course, its histopathological differential diagnosis includes clinically aggressive neoplasia. This contribution summarizes the derivation, clinical presentation, histopathological and immunohistochemical features, molecular genetics, pertinent differential diagnosis, and behavior of this unique cutaneous appendageal tumor.
PubMed: 37489454
DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology10030030 -
Head and Neck Pathology Jul 2013Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma (EMCa) is a rare but well characterized biphasic salivary gland malignancy with several variant morphologies. Oncocytic and apocrine... (Review)
Review
Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma (EMCa) is a rare but well characterized biphasic salivary gland malignancy with several variant morphologies. Oncocytic and apocrine EMCa are uncommon variants that constitute up to 8 % of all EMCa. Both variants invoke an eosinophilic or oncocytic differential diagnosis and challenge the traditional requirement of clear myoepithelial cells for EMCa. Oncocytic EMCa occurs in patients a decade older than conventional EMCa. This variant is often papillary with calcification and associated with sebaceous components and occurs in older individuals. Apocrine EMCa is named for its apocrine ductal component, which may be mistaken for salivary duct carcinoma. In this variant, the epithelial component often shows overgrowth in a cribriform or even solid pattern and is immunophenotypically defined by androgen receptor and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 positivity. The most important aspect of differentiating both oncocytic and apocrine EMCa from other salivary oncocytic tumors is recognition of the biphasic nature of these variants and confirmation that the abluminal outer layer consists of plump, 'activated' myoepithelial cells, regardless of tinctorial characteristics. Both oncocytic and apocrine EMCa behave very indolently in the limited literature to date.
Topics: Apocrine Glands; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma; Humans; Myoepithelioma; Oxyphil Cells; Salivary Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 23821213
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-013-0461-0 -
Women's Health (London, England) Mar 2011Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in females. The origins and biology of breast carcinomas remain unclear. Cellular and molecular heterogeneity results in... (Review)
Review
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in females. The origins and biology of breast carcinomas remain unclear. Cellular and molecular heterogeneity results in different distinct groups of tumors with different clinical behavior and prognosis. Gene expression profiling has delineated five molecular subtypes based on similarities in gene expression: luminal A, luminal B, HER2 overexpressing, normal-like and basal-like. Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) lacks estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2 expression, and comprises myoepithelial cells. Specific features include high proliferative rate, rapid growth, early recurrence and decreased overall survival. BLBC is associated with ductal carcinoma in situ, BRCA1 mutation, brain and lung metastasis, and negative axillary lymph nodes. Currently, chemotherapy is the only therapeutic choice, but demonstrates poor outcomes. There is an overlap in definition between triple-negative breast cancer and BLBC due to the triple-negative profile of BLBC. Despite the molecular and clinical similarities, the two subtypes respond differently to neoadjuvant therapy. Although particular morphologic, genetic and clinical features of BLBC have been identified, a variety of definitions among studies accounts for the contradictory results reported. In this article the molecular morphological and histopathological profile, the clinical behavior and the therapeutic options of BLBC are presented, with emphasis on the discordant findings among studies.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Myoepithelioma; Phenotype; Prognosis; Receptors, Estrogen; Recurrence
PubMed: 21410345
DOI: 10.2217/whe.11.5