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Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2022The bacterial genus , like other members of the family, consists of aerobic, non-motile, Gram-negative bacilli. spp. is considered predominantly opportunistic...
The bacterial genus , like other members of the family, consists of aerobic, non-motile, Gram-negative bacilli. spp. is considered predominantly opportunistic pathogens as, historically, most documented infections have been in immunocompromised individuals. Along with advancements in molecular assay testing, there are growing reports of clinically relevant spp. infections in immunocompetent individuals. These organisms display broad antimicrobial resistance, and while research into their mechanisms of resistance is progressing, genetic testing has revealed metallo--lactamases present in their genome. The sporadic identification of spp. and ongoing clarification of resistance patterns make empiric treatment difficult. This report documents two cases of extensively drug-resistant isolated from critically ill but otherwise immunocompetent patients followed by a review of available literature on spp. antibiotic sensitivities. Our findings indicate that minocycline and moxifloxacin have the highest documented activity against spp.
PubMed: 35873406
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6422861 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Dec 2009Although Myroides spp. are primarily isolated from clinical sources, they have also been isolated from freshwater fish, stainless steel weldment and catheter biofilms....
AIMS
Although Myroides spp. are primarily isolated from clinical sources, they have also been isolated from freshwater fish, stainless steel weldment and catheter biofilms. The ability of these nonmotile isolates to adhere to surfaces and the role of hydrophobicity and autoaggregation were investigated.
METHODS
Adherence of Myroides odoratus isolates from tilapia was investigated using microtitre adherence assays under varying environmental conditions. Hydrophobicity, aggregation and coaggregation were measured quantitatively. Biofilm structures were investigated using flow cells and microscopy.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Myroides odoratus isolates were strongly adherent in both nutrient-poor and -rich media at room temperature and nutrient-rich medium at 37 degrees C. Isolates appeared hydrophilic, while autoaggregation indices ranged from 7% to 24.8%. Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between biofilm formation and autoaggregation. Strong coaggregation interactions were observed with several Gram-positive organisms, as well as with Listeria spp. In flow cells, M. odoratus formed an overlying carpet, with knitted chains of L. monocytogenes cells situated underneath attached to the perspex flow cell surface.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY
Myroides odoratus biofilm formation was influenced by temperature variation rather than altered nutrient levels. The association of Myroides spp. with Listeria spp. isolates suggests potential association in biofilm structures when these bacteria colonize biotic and/or abiotic surfaces.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Fish Diseases; Flavobacteriaceae; Flavobacteriaceae Infections; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Stainless Steel; Temperature; Tilapia
PubMed: 19519668
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04380.x -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Apr 2018The genus Myroides comprises several species of Gram-negative, non-motile, and non-fermenting bacteria, which have been regarded as non-pathogenic for decades. Multiple...
The genus Myroides comprises several species of Gram-negative, non-motile, and non-fermenting bacteria, which have been regarded as non-pathogenic for decades. Multiple recent reports, however, underscore the pathogenic potential that Myroides sp. possesses for humans. These bacteria seem to be resistant to a wide range of antibiotics (including ß-lactams and aminoglycosides). Therefore, treatment options are limited. Knowledge of antimicrobial resistance, however, is based on only one meaningful comprehensive study and on data published from case reports. This lack of data motivated us to test 59 strains from our Myroides collection (43 M. odoratimimus and 16 M. odoratus) for resistance against 20 commonly used antibiotics. We also performed molecular analyses to reveal whether our bacteria harbor the genus-specific M. odoratimimus metallo-ß-lactamase (MUS-1) or the M. odoratus metallo ß-lactamase (TUS-1), and other ß-lactamases, which may provide an explanation for the extended antimicrobial resistance.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; DNA, Bacterial; Flavobacteriaceae; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Whole Genome Sequencing; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 29618738
DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0061-x -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Nov 2002Myroides odoratus and Myroides odoratimimus (formerly designated in a single species as Flavobacterium odoratum) are gram-negative aerobes and sources of nosocomial...
Chromosome-encoded beta-lactamases TUS-1 and MUS-1 from Myroides odoratus and Myroides odoratimimus (formerly Flavobacterium odoratum), new members of the lineage of molecular subclass B1 metalloenzymes.
Myroides odoratus and Myroides odoratimimus (formerly designated in a single species as Flavobacterium odoratum) are gram-negative aerobes and sources of nosocomial infections in humans. They have variable susceptibility to beta-lactams and a decreased susceptibility to carbapenems. Using genomic DNAs of M. odoratus CIP 103105 and M. odoratimimus CIP 103073 reference strains, shotgun cloning of beta-lactamase genes was performed, followed by protein expression in Escherichia coli. The deduced amino acid sequences of these beta-lactamase genes revealed that TUS-1 and MUS-1 from M. odoratus CIP 103105 and M. odoratimimus CIP 103073, respectively, shared 73% amino acid identity. Mature proteins TUS-1 and MUS-1, with pI values of 7.8 and 5.2, respectively, had relative molecular masses of ca. 26 kDa. These beta-lactamases are members of the subclass B1 of metallo-beta-lactamases and are distantly related to other metalloenzymes, being most closely related to IND-1 from Chryseobacterium indologenes (42% amino acid identity). However, phylogenic analysis showed that TUS-1 and MUS-1 belong to the same phylogenic lineage of subclass B1 enzymes that groups the subclass B1 beta-lactamases of Flavobacterium species. Kinetic parameters of purified beta-lactamases TUS-1 and MUS-1 detailed their hydrolysis spectra, which encompass most beta-lactams except aztreonam. beta-Lactamases TUS-1 and MUS-1 were classified in functional subgroup 3a of metalloenzymes. This work further characterizes chromosome-encoded metalloenzymes from Flavobacteriaceae species that explain at least part of their intrinsic resistance to beta-lactams.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Blotting, Southern; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Cloning, Molecular; Conjugation, Genetic; Flavobacterium; Kinetics; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Sequence Data; Plasmids; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 12384365
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.11.3561-3567.2002 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Flavobacteriaceae; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 36183239
DOI: 10.37201/req/045.2022 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2014Myroides spp and Chryseobacterium spp are uncommon clinical isolates, though more frequently reported to cause infections than other pigmented non-fermentors. Two cases...
Myroides spp and Chryseobacterium spp are uncommon clinical isolates, though more frequently reported to cause infections than other pigmented non-fermentors. Two cases of Myroides odoratus and Chryseobacterium indologenes infection in a diabetic with pulmonary tuberculosis and a patient with de-compensated alcoholic liver disease, respectively, are reported here. Anti-microbial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration. The clinical picture, characteristic features of the isolates and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern are discussed briefly.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chryseobacterium; Female; Flavobacteriaceae; Flavobacteriaceae Infections; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged
PubMed: 25008832
DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.136592 -
Journal of Thoracic Disease Feb 2022The current COVID-19 pandemic is posing a major challenge to public health on a global scale. While it is generally believed that severe COVID-19 results from...
BACKGROUND
The current COVID-19 pandemic is posing a major challenge to public health on a global scale. While it is generally believed that severe COVID-19 results from over-expression of inflammatory mediators (i.e., a "cytokine storm"), it is still unclear whether and how co-infecting pathogens contribute to disease pathogenesis. To address this, we followed the entire course of the disease in cases with severe or critical COVID-19 to determine the presence and abundance of all potential pathogens present-the total "infectome"-and how they interact with the host immune system in the context of severe COVID-19.
METHODS
We examined one severe and three critical cases of COVID-19, as well as a set of healthy controls, with longitudinal samples (throat swab, whole blood, and serum) collected from each case. Total RNA sequencing (meta-transcriptomics) was performed to simultaneously investigate pathogen diversity and abundance, as well as host immune responses, in each sample. A Bio-Plex method was used to measure serum cytokine and chemokine levels.
RESULTS
Eight pathogens, SARS-CoV-2, (), (), (), (), , herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human cytomegalovirus (CMV), identified in patients with COVID-19 appeared at different stages of the disease. The dynamics of inflammatory mediators in serum and the respiratory tract were more strongly associated with the dynamics of the infectome compared with SARS-CoV-2 alone. Correlation analysis revealed that pulmonary injury was directly associated with cytokine levels, which in turn were associated with the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 and co-infecting pathogens.
CONCLUSIONS
For each patient, the cytokine storm that resulted in acute lung injury and death involved a dynamic and highly complex infectome, of which SARS-CoV-2 was a component. These results indicate the need for a precision medicine approach to investigate both the infection and host response as a standard means of infectious disease characterization.
PubMed: 35280492
DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-1284 -
Journal of Food Protection Apr 2023In Mexico, bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) are produced as gourmet food. However, bullfrogs can be carriers of pathogens because the frogs' preferred living...
In Mexico, bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) are produced as gourmet food. However, bullfrogs can be carriers of pathogens because the frogs' preferred living conditions occur in stagnant water. The present study aimed to identify bacteria that cause foodborne diseases or are associated with human diseases. For molecular identification, based on the sequential analysis by 16S rRNA or rpoD was conducted on all isolates obtained from bullfrog. A total of 91 bacterial isolates were obtained from bullfrogs; 14 genera and 23 species were identified, including Acinetobacter johnsonii 16.5%; Aeromonas media 14.3%; Aeromonas veronii 13.2%; Providencia rettgeri 7.7%; Citrobacter freundii 6.6%; Aeromonas caviae 4.4%; Aeromonas hydrophila and Elizabethkingia ursingii 3.3%; Pseudomonas stutzeri, Raoultella ornithinolytica, and Shewanella putrefaciens 2.2%; Acinetobacter guillouiae, Acinetobacter pseudolwoffii, Citrobacter portucalensis, Citrobacter werkmanii, Edwardsiella anguillarum, Klebsiella michiganensis, Kluyvera intermedia, Kocuria rosea, Myroides odoratimimus, Myroides odoratus, Proteus sp., and Proteus hauseri 1.1%. In this study, 49.4% of the isolates obtained cause foodborne disease, 19.8% are bacteria that play an important role in the spoilage of food, 5.5% of isolates have nosocomial significance, 13.2% of bacteria are considered to be pollutants of the ecosystem, and in the case of A. salmonicida and Edwardsiella anguillarum (12.1%) to have a negative impact on aquaculture. Acinetobacter pseudolwoffii and Citrobacter portucalensis have not been reported to cause disease. Lastly of these isolates, 97.8% (89/91) can cause disease by food consumption or by direct contact for immunocompromised persons. The presence of these bacteria in bullfrogs represents a significant problem for human health. There is evidence that these microorganisms are pathogenic and frogs may also be reservoirs.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Rana catesbeiana; Ecosystem; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Foodborne Diseases
PubMed: 36948016
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100067 -
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic... Nov 2015Myroides spp., previously known as Flavobacterium odoratum, are rare clinical isolates and are often considered non-pathogenic. Natural habitat includes soil, fresh and...
Myroides spp., previously known as Flavobacterium odoratum, are rare clinical isolates and are often considered non-pathogenic. Natural habitat includes soil, fresh and marine waters, in foods and in sewage treatment plants. We present an unusual case of fatal pericardial effusion due to Myroides odoratus in a patient suffering from chronic kidney disease and undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. This case is presented to show the increasing incidence of rare isolates causing localized and systemic infections and due to their high intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics they can be fatal. Thus isolation of these pathogens is of great clinical importance.
PubMed: 26672889
DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/15120.6740 -
Journal of Food Protection Mar 2000Three phenotypic identification systems were employed to identify 106 strains of gram-negative, nonmotile, aerobic bacteria obtained during iced storage of wild (Salmo...
Three phenotypic identification systems were employed to identify 106 strains of gram-negative, nonmotile, aerobic bacteria obtained during iced storage of wild (Salmo trutta and Esox lucius) and farmed (Oncorhynchus mykiss) freshwater fish. Using diagnostic tables and computer-assisted identification, the isolates were Psychrobacter (64 strains), Acinetobacter (24 strains), Moraxella (6 strains), Chryseobacterium (5 strains), Myroides odoratus (2 strains), Flavobacterium (1 strain), Empedobacter (1 strain), and unidentified (3 strains). Overall similarities of all strains were determined for 108 characters by numerical analysis (simple matching coefficient of similarity [S] and clustering by unweighted pair group average linkage [UPGMA]). At the 77% similarity level, 92 strains formed nine major clusters (3 or more strains) and four small clusters (2 strains). Cluster 1 (25 isolates divided into two main subclusters) could be assigned to Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus, clusters 2 and 3 (26 isolates) were designated as Psychrobacter immobilis, and clusters 4 (3 isolates) and 7 (4 isolates) were identified as Psychrobacter urativorans and Psychrobacter spp., respectively. Clusters 5 (five isolates), 6 (three isolates), and 9 (five isolates) were labeled as Acinetobacter spp., Acinetobacter johnsonii, and Acinetobacter lwoffii, respectively. Cluster 8 (12 isolates), with a high resemblance to Thornley's phenon 4 (a heterogeneous group of bacteria isolated from poultry and related to Acinetobacter), remained unnamed. The restriction pattern was identical for strains grouped into clusters 2 and 3 (P. immobilis) but was different for the remaining Psychrobacter isolates. A large proportion of isolates belonging to the family Moraxellaceae were closely related. Psychrobacters and A. johnsonii were present in freshly caught fish and river water. In the latter stages of storage, P. phenylpyruvicus and acinetobacters tended to decrease, whereas P. immobilis increased.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Cold Temperature; DNA, Ribosomal; Esocidae; Fishes; Food Handling; Fresh Water; Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria; Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Phenotype; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Restriction Mapping; Trout
PubMed: 10716558
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-63.3.315