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Cardiology Journal 2012The purpose of this article is to document the clinical features of the unusual mitral valve myxoma based on the literature of recent years. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this article is to document the clinical features of the unusual mitral valve myxoma based on the literature of recent years.
METHODS
A literature retrieval of the mitral valve myxoma reported in recent years was made using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. The clinical information about this unusual disorder was collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
Mitral valve myxoma showed female predilection. Their major symptoms were cardiovascular or cerebrovascular, in addition to constitutional or embolic. The diagnosis was usually made based on two- and three-dimensional transthoracic and/or transesophageal echocardiography, as well as magnetic resonance imaging in the current era. Surgical resection with mitral valve defect repair was the commonest remedy for mitral valve myxoma when mitral valve function could be preserved, and the mitral valve should be replaced when necessary. Patients showed good response to surgical treatment during the follow-up of 17.0 ± 28.4 months after the operation.
CONCLUSIONS
Two- and three-dimensional echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging are the major diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of a cardiac myxoma. After diagnosis, surgery should be performed urgently, in order to prevent complications such as embolic events or obstruction of the mitral orifice. Due to the fact that myxomas can recur, regular, postoperative cardiological control is mandatory.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Child; Diagnostic Imaging; Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; Female; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve; Myxoma; Predictive Value of Tests; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 22298179
DOI: 10.5603/cj.2012.0019 -
BMJ Case Reports Jun 2021Aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) is a rare mesenchymal tumour that is characterised by increased incidence in women compared with men, local invasion to the surrounding...
Aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) is a rare mesenchymal tumour that is characterised by increased incidence in women compared with men, local invasion to the surrounding tissue and high recurrence rate. A premenopausal woman presented to clinic with pelvic pressure, intermittent tingling in the thigh and pressure emptying the bladder. CT scan, vaginal and gluteal biopsies, and MRI scan were performed to conclude a final diagnosis of AA. The patient underwent complete resection of the mass. The mass tested positive for oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. The patient received leuprolide postoperatively to prevent recurrence. AA should be considered as a differential diagnosis for a pelvic and perineal mass. Patients should be warned of high recurrence rate, necessity of surgical removal and long-term hormonal treatment.
Topics: Buttocks; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Myxoma; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Receptors, Estrogen
PubMed: 34193448
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-241550 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Apr 2024Renal embolisms due to cardiac myxomas are extremely rare; the clinical course, treatment, and prognosis of this disease are not established. A 69-year-old Japanese... (Review)
Review
Renal embolisms due to cardiac myxomas are extremely rare; the clinical course, treatment, and prognosis of this disease are not established. A 69-year-old Japanese woman who underwent a nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma 3 years earlier was hospitalized with a right occipital lobe cerebral infarction. Her renal function suddenly worsened 3 days post-admission: her serum creatinine rose from 1.46 mg/dL to 6.57 mg/dL and then to 8.03 mg/dL the next day, and hemodialysis therapy was started. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans showed patchy non-contrasted low-density areas in the right kidney, and chest CT scans and transesophageal ultrasonography revealed a left atrial tumor. We diagnosed renal infarction due to a left atrial myxoma. Hemodialysis and anticoagulant therapy (heparin) were continued, followed by the cardiac myxoma's resection. The patient's renal function gradually improved post-surgery, and the hemodialysis was discontinued. Considering our patient and 19 other case reports of renal infarction associated with cardiac myxoma, the treatment for such a renal infarction and the outcomes differ depending on the embolus site. The poor outcome of abdominal aortic embolism requires a prompt embolectomy, whereas a branch renal artery embolism requires anticoagulation therapy to prevent thrombosis formation around the myxoma.
Topics: Humans; Female; Myxoma; Aged; Heart Neoplasms; Heart Atria; Embolism; Nephrectomy; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Renal Dialysis; Anticoagulants; Kidney
PubMed: 38792877
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050694 -
Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology Feb 2018Therapeutic assessment of odontogenic myxoma (OM) is poorly standardized. Unidimensional size criteria have shown to be unreliable in therapeutic decision-making. We... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Therapeutic assessment of odontogenic myxoma (OM) is poorly standardized. Unidimensional size criteria have shown to be unreliable in therapeutic decision-making. We evaluate the size distribution of OM and scan for associated clinicoradiological signs of aggressiveness. Additionally, we evaluate three-dimensional size delineation of OM aiming to improve future therapeutic assessment of this destructive neoplasm.
METHODS
Primarily, we reviewed the database "PubMed" for data concerning the size of OMs as radiologically determined. Afterwards, the impact of age, sex, locularity and location on the size was investigated by χ² test, Student's t-test and regression analysis. Furthermore, we statistically evaluated the impact of size on the occurrence of clinicoradiological signs of aggressiveness. Secondly, we approximated the volume of five unpublished cases of OM by semi-automatic image segmentation of cone-beam CT images.
RESULTS
Multilocular OMs were significantly larger than unilocular ones (p < 0.002). Age (0.042) and multilocularity (<0.002) significantly impacted size. Size was significantly associated with cortical perforation (0.032) and multilocularity (<0.002), further regression analysis revealed tooth resorption (0.019), cortical perforation (0.005) and multilocularity (<0.002) as significant predictors of size. Employing the volume as a mean of comparison, we found that the biggest OM (38.42 ml; multilocular) was 124 times larger than the smallest (0.31 ml; unilocular). However, using the maximum diameter (cm) as a surrogate for size, the biggest lesion (6.3) was only 5.25 times larger than the smallest (1.2).
CONCLUSIONS
Locularity and volumetric size characterization might help in therapeutic decision-making and could help to improve our understanding of OM.
Topics: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Myxoma; Odontogenic Tumors; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 29082773
DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20170262 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Jan 2021Intramuscular myxoma is a rare benign tumor that presents as a slow-growing, deeply seated mass confined within a skeletal muscle. Histologically, these lesions most...
Intramuscular myxoma is a rare benign tumor that presents as a slow-growing, deeply seated mass confined within a skeletal muscle. Histologically, these lesions most resemble umbilical cord tissue. They mostly occur in people between 40 and 70 years old, with a 57% female predilection. These tumors are very rare in children. Only one pediatric intramuscular myxoma case is reported in the literature. The goal of this study is to report the case of a 13-year-old girl who presented to our hospital emergency department in 2018 with right hip pain, elevated inflammatory markers, and fever; her initial differential diagnosis was hip septic arthritis, pelvic osteomyelitis, and pelvic abscess. A pelvic MRI revealed a well-defined enhancing round lesion in the right obturator internus muscle. The diagnosis was conformed with a CT-guided core biopsy. The patient's symptoms improved with conservative management, and she continues to be doing well 2 years later. Pediatric pelvic intramuscular myxomas are extremely rare; however, they can have a presentation that mimic a more serious condition such as hip septic arthritis, pelvic osteomyelitis, and pelvic abscess and should be considered in the differential diagnosis in a pediatric patient presenting with hip pain.
Topics: Abscess; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Myxoma; Thigh
PubMed: 33475306
DOI: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-20-00099 -
Clinical Cardiology Nov 1995We present an unusual case of a left atrial myxoma as a feature of a familial mesoectodermal disorder and review the literature. The new term "familial endocrine...
We present an unusual case of a left atrial myxoma as a feature of a familial mesoectodermal disorder and review the literature. The new term "familial endocrine myxolentiginosis" is proposed, which is descriptive of the major clinical components of the syndrome. Myriad features of this disorder include (1) cardiac myxomas; (2) cutaneous myxomas; (3) multiple lentigines or blue nevi, particularly of the head and neck; (4) bilateral primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical hyperplasia; (5) unusual testicular tumors; (6) pituitary tumors; (7) myxoid fibroadenomas of the breast; (8) myxomatous disorder of the stroma of the breast; (9) ductal adenoma of the breast; and (10) psammomatous melanotic schwannoma. A tentative diagnosis is suggested by identifying two features and a definitive diagnosis is made by three or more features. The clinical and pathologic features of cardiac myxoma in familial endocrine myxolentiginosis are identical to those of familial cardiac myxoma: age < 40 years, atypical locations, multicentric origins, and recurrent presentations. A Venn diagram classification for cardiac myxomas is proposed. We include photographic, echocardiographic, biopsy, and adrenal computerized tomography documentation in our patient. Recognition of this disorder is important because of its clinical, surgical, and genetic implications. The availability of transesophageal echocardiographic technology should allow early diagnosis of this underdiagnosed entity. Clinicians should consider this entity in the differential diagnosis of their patients with any one of these manifestations.
Topics: Adult; Echocardiography, Transesophageal; Female; Heart Atria; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Lentigo; Myxoma; Syndrome
PubMed: 8590539
DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960181116 -
Urologia Internationalis 1994We report a case of paratesticular myxoma. These tumors, which arise from mesenchymal tissues, occur in a variety of sites, the most common being subcutaneous tissues...
We report a case of paratesticular myxoma. These tumors, which arise from mesenchymal tissues, occur in a variety of sites, the most common being subcutaneous tissues and skeletal muscles but they rarely have been reported to originate in the paratesticular region. The differential diagnosis of other mesenchymal neoplasms of the paratesticular area is discussed.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myxoma; Scrotum; Testicular Neoplasms
PubMed: 8030175
DOI: 10.1159/000282617 -
Singapore Medical Journal Apr 2021Cardiac myxoma is the most common cardiac tumour. In this study, we summarise our 17-year experience with the clinical presentation of cardiac myxoma at National Heart...
INTRODUCTION
Cardiac myxoma is the most common cardiac tumour. In this study, we summarise our 17-year experience with the clinical presentation of cardiac myxoma at National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.
METHODS
Between January 2000 and December 2016, retrospective data was reviewed for all consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection of cardiac myxoma. Patients' clinical characteristics were reviewed and described.
RESULTS
A total of 67 (18 male, 49 female; mean age 53.1 ± 13.5 years) patients underwent cardiac myxoma resection. There were 19 (28.4%) patients with asymptomatic cardiac myxoma. There were no significant differences in gender; body habitus and myxoma size; and haemoglobin, white blood cell or platelet counts between patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic myxoma. However, the number of asymptomatic cardiac myxomas seemed to follow an increasing trend from 19.4% (period 2000-2008) to 36.1% (period 2009-2016), suggestive of an 'era effect'.
CONCLUSION
In our study, a majority of patients were women, with a wide age range of 18-78 years. The diagnosis of asymptomatic cardiac myxoma was present in 28.4% of patients, with an increasing trend for incidence over the years. This is possibly due to increased opportunistic screening (with electrocardiography and clinical examination) as well as higher usage of medical imaging.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Female; Heart Atria; Heart Neoplasms; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Myxoma; Retrospective Studies; Singapore; Young Adult
PubMed: 32227792
DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2020041 -
Anatolian Journal of Cardiology Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Heart Neoplasms; Myxoma
PubMed: 36747450
DOI: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2022.2599 -
Anatolian Journal of Cardiology Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Heart Neoplasms; Myxoma
PubMed: 37466027
DOI: 10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2023.3240