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Jornal de Pediatria 2019To assess the relationship between mouth breathing and growth disorders among children and teenagers. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To assess the relationship between mouth breathing and growth disorders among children and teenagers.
DATA SOURCE
Search on MEDLINE database, over the last 10 years, by using the following terms: "mouth breathing", "adenotonsilar hypertrophy", "allergic rhinitis", "sleep disturbance" AND "growth impairment", "growth hormone", "failure to thrive", "short stature", or "failure to thrive".
DATA SUMMARY
A total of 247 articles were identified and, after reading the headings, this number was reduced to 45 articles, whose abstracts were read and, of these, 20 were deemed important and were included in the review. In addition of these articles, references mentioned in them and specific books on mouth breathing deemed important were included. Hypertrophy of palatine and/or pharyngeal tonsils, whether associated with allergic rhinitis, as well as poorly controlled allergic rhinitis, are the main causes of mouth breathing in children. Respiratory sleep disorders are frequent among these patients. Several studies associate mouth breathing with reduced growth, as well as with reduced growth hormone release, which are reestablished after effective treatment of mouth breathing (clinical and/or surgical).
CONCLUSIONS
Mouth breathing should be considered as a potential cause of growth retardation in children; pediatricians should assess these patients in a broad manner.
Topics: Child; Growth Disorders; Humans; Mouth Breathing; Nasal Obstruction; Rhinitis; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 30611649
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.11.005 -
BMJ Case Reports Feb 2022Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic mucocutaneous granulomatous disease caused by , commonly affecting the nose and nasopharynx. Endobronchial involvement is of rare...
Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic mucocutaneous granulomatous disease caused by , commonly affecting the nose and nasopharynx. Endobronchial involvement is of rare occurrence but can pose challenging problems for diagnosis, surgical excision and anaesthetic management. We report a 40-year-old man with a history of recurrent nasal rhinosporidiosis who presented with unilateral nasal obstruction, cough, shortness of breath and a radiological feature of left lung collapse. Eight years since the last surgery, he presented with a recurrent lesion in the nose with concurrent endobronchial involvement. The patient underwent excision of the nasal and the endobronchial lesion successfully under general anaesthesia without any complication and good symptomatic improvement. The clinical presentation and the management of endobronchial rhinosporidiosis are discussed here. The surgical difficulties faced during the procedure are highlighted.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Bronchi; Humans; Male; Nasal Obstruction; Nose; Rhinosporidiosis; Rhinosporidium
PubMed: 35140090
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-247133 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Jun 2019Nasal airway obstruction is a common complaint encountered by the otolaryngologist. In-office nasal procedures are becoming increasingly popular and should be considered... (Review)
Review
Nasal airway obstruction is a common complaint encountered by the otolaryngologist. In-office nasal procedures are becoming increasingly popular and should be considered for patients desiring immediate treatment without the adverse effects of general anesthesia, operating room costs, or scheduling delays. This article discusses the factors in patient selection, room setup, and other considerations. The options available for in-office treatment of nasal valve repair are discussed, including turbinoplasty, septoplasty, and nasal valve repair/functional rhinoplasty-type techniques described in the literature.
Topics: Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia, Local; Humans; Nasal Obstruction; Nasal Septum; Patient Selection; Rhinoplasty
PubMed: 30905568
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2019.02.010 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Jun 2016Nasal obstruction is a very frequent symptom in children, with numerous etiologies. Clinical diagnosis is straightforward, but general impact and rare etiologies should... (Review)
Review
Nasal obstruction is a very frequent symptom in children, with numerous etiologies. Clinical diagnosis is straightforward, but general impact and rare etiologies should be explored for. Complementary examinations are guided by diagnostic orientation. Although not usually a severe condition, nasal obstruction may be life-threatening in neonates and infants. An exhaustive list of etiologies is impossible and would not be useful, but it is worth distinguishing infantile nasal obstruction and nasal obstruction in older children, as causes differ greatly. This is the topic of the present update.
Topics: Adenoids; Child; Craniofacial Abnormalities; Foreign Bodies; Humans; Hypertrophy; Meningocele; Nasal Obstruction; Nasal Polyps; Nasal Septum; Nose Neoplasms; Rhinitis; Teratoma
PubMed: 26471039
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2015.09.011 -
Australian Journal of General Practice Oct 2022Paediatric patients with nasal obstruction are frequently encountered in general practice. The differential diagnosis is distinct from that of adult nasal obstruction...
BACKGROUND
Paediatric patients with nasal obstruction are frequently encountered in general practice. The differential diagnosis is distinct from that of adult nasal obstruction and necessitates more judicious use of radiological and invasive investigations. Most cases of nasal obstruction in children result from benign disease, although there is a significant quality of life impact that must be addressed with prompt diagnosis and symptomatic management.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this article is to outline the workup and management of paediatric nasal obstruction in primary care and suggest where referral to a relevant specialist is warranted.
DISCUSSION
Although the differential for paediatric nasal obstruction is broad, a thorough history and physical examination yields the diagnosis in most cases. Diagnoses not to be missed include nasal foreign body, lesions suspicious for neoplasia and intracranial complications of severe rhinosinusitis. Further investigation and ear, nose and throat referral should be considered when there are surgical targets for nasal obstruction, red flag signs or symptoms or failure of conservative therapy.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Nasal Obstruction; Nose; Physical Examination; Quality of Life; Referral and Consultation
PubMed: 36184863
DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-12-21-6256 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Aug 2020The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between nasal function assessment and anxiety scales.
AIM
The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between nasal function assessment and anxiety scales.
METHODS
A total of 120 patients with the complaint of nasal obstruction were classified as nasal septum deviation group (DNS) and no nasal pathology group (NON). A control group was formed of 57 healthy participants. Nasal obstruction severity was assessed using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale, nasal resistance level with rhinomanometry and anxiety levels with the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ), and the Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ).
RESULTS
There was a statistically significant difference between both the DNS and the NON groups and control group in terms of NOSE scale, ACQ, and BSQ ( < .001). The total nasal resistance values were higher in the DNS group compared to both the NON and control groups ( < .001), although the difference between the NON group and control group was not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study showed that patients with nasal breathing complaints, but no organic pathology, had the same level of nasal obstruction symptoms as patients with nasal septal deviations. Anxiety levels are elevated in patients with symptoms of nasal obstruction, even when there is lack of organic nasal pathology.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Obstruction; Nasal Septum; Prospective Studies; Rhinomanometry; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires; Symptom Assessment; Young Adult
PubMed: 32050802
DOI: 10.1177/0145561319900747 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Mar 2022
Topics: Humans; Nasal Obstruction
PubMed: 34489195
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2021.08.011 -
Journal of Investigational Allergology... 2018Nasal obstruction (NO) is defined as the subjective perception of discomfort or difficulty in the passage of air through the nostrils. It is a common reason for... (Review)
Review
Nasal obstruction (NO) is defined as the subjective perception of discomfort or difficulty in the passage of air through the nostrils. It is a common reason for consultation in primary and specialized care and may affect up to 30%-40% of the population. It affects quality of life (especially sleep) and lowers work efficiency. The aim of this document is to agree on how to treat NO, establish a methodology for evaluating and diagnosing it, and define an individualized approach to its treatment. NO can be unilateral or bilateral, intermittent or persistent and may be caused by local or systemic factors, which may be anatomical, inflammatory, neurological, hormonal, functional, environmental, or pharmacological in origin. Directed study of the medical history and physical examination are key for diagnosing the specific cause. NO may be evaluated using subjective assessment tools (visual analog scale, symptom score, standardized questionnaires) or by objective estimation (active anterior rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, peak nasal inspiratory flow). Although there is little correlation between the results, they may be considered complementary and not exclusive. Assessing the impact on quality of life through questionnaires standardized according to the underlying disease is also advisable. NO is treated according to its cause. Treatment is fundamentally pharmacological (topical and/or systemic) when the etiology is inflammatory or functional. Surgery may be necessary when medical treatment fails to complement or improve medical treatment or when other therapeutic approaches are not possible. Combinations of surgical techniques and medical treatment may be necessary.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Nasal Cavity; Nasal Obstruction; Quality of Life; Rhinomanometry; Rhinometry, Acoustic
PubMed: 29345622
DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0232 -
The Laryngoscope Jun 2022To investigate a possible relationship between altered nasal flow and chronic otitis media (COM) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
OBJECTIVES
To investigate a possible relationship between altered nasal flow and chronic otitis media (COM) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective case series.
METHODS
Retrospective cohort sample of CT scans from patients with COM and controls without COM to compare the results of various nasal airflow parameters determined by CFD between a group of patients with COM (N = 60) and a control group of subjects without any evidence of ear disease (N = 81). The CT were subjected to various procedures to carry out CFD studies, determining the resistance to nasal flow, the proportion of flow through the right and left nasal cavity, and two nondimensional estimators. The results of CFD studies between patients with COM and controls were compared.
RESULTS
Whereas only 12.3% of the controls had CFD alteration (10 out of 81), 43.3% of the patients suffering COM displayed alterations of our nondimensional parameters (26 out of 60).
CONCLUSIONS
According to our results, the incidence of alterations in nasal airflow by studying with CFD is significantly higher in patients with COM than in controls. To our knowledge, this is the first article linking nasal cavity and COM using a CFD approach. Our results support the hypothesis that nasal flow alterations could be implicated in the etiopathogenesis of the COM.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
4 Laryngoscope, 132:1224-1230, 2022.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Computer Simulation; Humans; Hydrodynamics; Nasal Cavity; Nasal Obstruction; Otitis Media; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34585755
DOI: 10.1002/lary.29882 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Jan 2019The nasal valve deserves relevant in patients presenting with nasal obstruction. In particular, the nasal valve plays an important role in nasal airflow control, it is... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
The nasal valve deserves relevant in patients presenting with nasal obstruction. In particular, the nasal valve plays an important role in nasal airflow control, it is relevant for the otolaryngologist to not only consider but also fully evaluate the nasal valve when seeing a patient with nasal obstruction. These data reported in this Supplement confirms the clinical relevance of the nasal valve in different groups of patients and normal subjects. In fact, an integrity of nasal valve is fundamental to ensure a physiological nasal breathing that in turn guarantees a correct pulmonary function. The possibility to use the non-surgical and well-accepted option constituted by the nasal internal dilator represent an interesting opportunity for both the physician and the patient.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Dilatation; Female; Humans; Male; Nasal Cavity; Nasal Obstruction; Nasal Septum; Quality of Life; Reference Values; Respiration
PubMed: 30715036
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i2-S.8105