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American Family Physician Jul 2006Seborrheic dermatitis affects the scalp, central face, and anterior chest. In adolescents and adults, it often presents as scalp scaling (dandruff). Seborrheic... (Review)
Review
Seborrheic dermatitis affects the scalp, central face, and anterior chest. In adolescents and adults, it often presents as scalp scaling (dandruff). Seborrheic dermatitis also may cause mild to marked erythema of the nasolabial fold, often with scaling. Stress can cause flare-ups. The scales are greasy, not dry, as commonly thought. An uncommon generalized form in infants may be linked to immunodeficiencies. Topical therapy primarily consists of antifungal agents and low-potency steroids. New topical calcineurin inhibitors (immunomodulators) sometimes are administered.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antifungal Agents; Biopsy; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Keratolytic Agents; Skin
PubMed: 16848386
DOI: No ID Found -
Aesthetic Surgery Journal Aug 2022Midface rejuvenation is among the most valuable indications of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers, because malar projection and full upper cheeks significantly contribute to...
Midface rejuvenation is among the most valuable indications of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers, because malar projection and full upper cheeks significantly contribute to a youthful appearance. Hyaluronic acid fillers have evolved over the past 2 decades to meet specific clinical needs such as strong projection capacity and adaptability to facial dynamism. As a result, they now represent the treatment of choice for midface rejuvenation throughout age ranges by offering the potential for noninvasive treatment, immediate results, and minimal downtime. Because the 5-layered structure of the midface plays a central role in the human face, injecting the midface area may also indirectly improve other aesthetic concerns such as infraorbital hollowing and nasolabial folds. Nonetheless, midface rejuvenation requires a tailored treatment approach and a thorough knowledge of anatomy to minimize procedural risks and achieve natural-looking results. This article provides an extensive anatomical description of the midface and of the usual course and depth of vascular structures circulating nearby to delineate a treatment area and minimize procedural risks. Furthermore, considering the differential mobility and mechanical constraints of each layer of the midface, a multilayer treatment algorithm is proposed for adapting the treatment strategy to patient specificities (including age, gender, skin type, and morphology). Emphasis is also placed on desirable filler properties to create deep structural support on the one hand and accompany facial movement on the other hand.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Cosmetic Techniques; Dermal Fillers; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Nasolabial Fold; Rejuvenation; Skin Aging
PubMed: 35039828
DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac007 -
Cureus Apr 2023Dermal filler injections are one of the most popular cosmetic procedures in the United States. Of the many options available, hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers like... (Review)
Review
Dermal filler injections are one of the most popular cosmetic procedures in the United States. Of the many options available, hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers like Juvederm or Restylane are often used. Despite their use and popularity, adverse events are known to occur from these procedures. Although most outcomes may be mild and resolve over time, rare instances of severe complications cannot be ignored, as these effects may be irreversible. Healthcare practitioners and patients must be aware of these risks, as these cosmetic procedures can affect the patient's quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of adverse events (AEs) reported from the use of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers in the facial region. A systemized search of randomized controlled trials was conducted using Cochrane Central, Embase, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), and the Web of Science databases. After screening for eligibility and conducting a critical appraisal of the articles, 19 studies were retained for the final review. The meta-analysis results included different side effects by facial location, i.e., nasolabial fold(NLF) vs. other (midface, perioral line, and lip region). The midface includes the anteromedial cheek region, the zygomaticomalar region, and the submalar region. The adverse events were swelling, pain, erythema, bruising, lumps and bumps, firmness, tenderness, itching, and skin discoloration. A significant difference was found in the proportion of individuals experiencing swelling, lumps or bumps, and firmness at the nasolabial fold site versus the midface, perioral line, and lip region. There was no significant difference in the proportion of individuals experiencing pain, erythema, bruising, tenderness, itching, or skin discoloration at the nasolabial fold site versus the other sites. The study highlights the prevalence of common AEs that can result from HA dermal fillers like Juvederm or Restylane, thus emphasizing the importance of healthcare professionals explaining the risk and benefits to patients.
PubMed: 37261136
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38286 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Oct 2021Tissue fillers injections remain to be one of the most commonly performed cosmetic procedures. The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematize and present available... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Tissue fillers injections remain to be one of the most commonly performed cosmetic procedures. The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematize and present available data on the aesthetic outcomes and safety of treating the nasolabial fold area with tissue fillers. We conducted a systematic review of randomized clinical trials that report outcomes concerning treatment of nasolabial fold area with tissue fillers. We searched the MEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, BIOSIS, SciELO, Scopus, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, CNKI and Web of Science databases. Primary outcomes included aesthetic improvement measured using the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale score and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale. Secondary outcomes were incidence rates of complications occurring after the procedure. At baseline, the pooled mean WSRS score was 3.23 (95% CI: 3.20-3.26). One month after the procedure, the pooled WSRS score had reached 1.79 (95% CI: 1.74-1.83). After six months it was 2.02 (95% CI: 1.99-2.05) and after 12 months it was 2.46 (95% CI: 2.4-2.52). One month after the procedure, the pooled GAIS score had reached 2.21 (95% CI: 2.14-2.28). After six months, it was 2.32 (95% CI: 2.26-2.37), and after 12 months, it was 1.27 (95% CI: 1.12-1.42). Overall, the pooled incidence of all complications was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.46-0.7). Most common included lumpiness (43%), tenderness (41%), swelling (34%) and bruising (29%). Tissue fillers used for nasolabial fold area treatment allow achieving a satisfying and sustainable improvement. Most common complications include tenderness, lumpiness, swelling, and bruising. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II: "This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 ."
Topics: Cosmetic Techniques; Dermal Fillers; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Nasolabial Fold; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Skin Aging; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34255156
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02439-5 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.... Jun 2020Deepening of the nasolabial fold with reduced malar highlight caused by sagging of the midface is one of the most important characteristics of facial aging. This report...
BACKGROUND
Deepening of the nasolabial fold with reduced malar highlight caused by sagging of the midface is one of the most important characteristics of facial aging. This report describes the use of 18-G polydioxanone (PDO) cog threads to improve midface soft tissue sagging and achieve satisfactory results through a minimally invasive procedure.
METHODS
In total, 64 patients (all women; age, 33-60 years) underwent a midface thread lift from January 2017 to January 2018. After a stab incision was made through an 18-G needle over the lateral orbital rim, three 18-G precannulated PDO cog threads were inserted, targeting the deep medial fat pad and inner layer of the superficial muscular aponeurotic system. The threads were anchored to the periosteum of the lateral orbit, suspending the soft tissue to a more superior direction. Surgical results were evaluated subjectively (patient satisfaction ratings) and objectively (blinded physician ratings based on changes in the vertical position of the malar highlight).
RESULTS
No major complications (postoperative hematoma, infection, or temporary sensory/motor decreases) were observed. The mean procedural time was 15 minutes, and all patients underwent local anesthesia. Patient satisfaction was the highest at 1 month postoperatively (mean, 4.7/5.0), decreasing at 1 year postoperatively (2.8/5.0). The scores on the objective assessment followed the same trend (4.5/5.0 at 1 month; 3.1/5.0 at 1 year).
CONCLUSION
Using PDO cog threads for midface lifting is simpler, quicker, and less invasive than using conventional surgical methods, and this method simultaneously achieves satisfactory results for at least 6 months.
PubMed: 32766067
DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000002920 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.... Oct 2021A variety of complications after injection of nonpermanent fillers for facial rejuvenation have been reported so far. However, to date, the overall complication rate is...
BACKGROUND
A variety of complications after injection of nonpermanent fillers for facial rejuvenation have been reported so far. However, to date, the overall complication rate is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of literature to assess the type and severity of associated complications following injections in different anatomical regions of the face.
METHODS
The entire PubMed/Medline database was screened to identify case reports and clinical studies describing complications that have occurred after injection of nonpermanent fillers in the face. These complications have been reviewed and analyzed according to their occurrence in different anatomical regions of the face.
RESULTS
Forty-six articles including a total of 164 patients reported on a total of 436 complications during the time period between January 2003 and February 2020. The majority of the complications were reported after injections to the nose and the nasolabial fold (n = 230), the forehead and the eyebrows (n = 53), and the glabellar region (n = 36). Out of 436 complications, 163 have been classified as severe or permanent including skin necrosis (n = 46), loss of vision (n = 35), or encephalitis (n = 1), whereas 273 complications were classified as mild or transient, such as local edema (n = 74), skin erythema (n = 69), and filler migration (n = 2). The most severe complications were observed in treatments of nose, glabella, and forehead.
CONCLUSIONS
Nonpermanent facial fillers are associated with rare but potentially severe complications. Severity and impact of complications depend on the anatomical region of the face and eventually require profound knowledge of facial anatomy.
PubMed: 34703713
DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000003851 -
Seminars in Plastic Surgery Feb 2020For optimal results, facial rejuvenation procedures should address both the tissue laxity and volume deflation associated with facial aging. The lift-and-fill face lift,... (Review)
Review
For optimal results, facial rejuvenation procedures should address both the tissue laxity and volume deflation associated with facial aging. The lift-and-fill face lift, in which fat grafting provides volumetric rejuvenation to the face while surgical lift effectively repositions and removes ptotic and redundant tissue, has revolutionized the plastic surgeon's approach to the aged face. An understanding of the intricate anatomy of distinct facial fat compartments and a systematic method to assess areas of fat atrophy and volume depletion are keys to provide patients with a natural and youthful result. Fat grafting may be used to improve contour in any area treatable by nonautologous injectable fillers, including the temples, forehead, upper and lower orbit, cheeks, perioral region, nasolabial fold, jawline, and chin-with the benefit of a more natural contour and integration with native tissue.
PubMed: 32071577
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3402767 -
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 2023Facial aging is associated with the loss of soft tissue fullness. Perioral signs of facial aging can add years to individuals' appearances and even affect their facial...
BACKGROUND
Facial aging is associated with the loss of soft tissue fullness. Perioral signs of facial aging can add years to individuals' appearances and even affect their facial expressions in smiling and nonsmiling images.
AIMS
To evaluate the influence of the nasolabial fold on the visual perception of esthetics and age in the elderly, eye-tracking and a visual analog scale were used.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This study applied a cross-sectional study using 40 laypeople. Facial images of an elderly woman were modified to include facial expression lines such as nasolabial folds and marionette lines with no folds, intermediate, and accentuated depths folds. Eye tracking was implemented to measure the average number of fixations. Heat maps and dot maps were generated using eye-tracking software. A visual analog scale of attractiveness and age perception questionnaire were also incorporated into the study. Statistical analysis was performed using a significance of (<0.05).
RESULTS
The majority of visual attention was paid to the eye and mouth areas. In the images with no folds, the right eye attracted a greater degree of fixation. In the images in which nasolabial folds were accentuated, the mouth area served as an area of high fixation. No statistical difference was observed between the groups in which smiling images were viewed. Nonsmiling images demonstrated significant differences between groups for variables including time until first fixation, complete fixation time, and number of fixations on the eyes and hemifaces. Old age and diminished attractiveness were associated with attenuated nasolabial folds, especially in nonsmiling images.
CONCLUSION
The facial lines and expressions of elderly female individuals were assessed by laypeople using eye-tracking, showing that the deeper one's nasolabial folds, the more aged and less attractive one appears, especially in nonsmiling images. Smiling pictures were perceived to be more attractive and youthful; these perceptions should be considered in the search for improved esthetic results, whether in dental or facial esthetic treatments.
PubMed: 37249988
DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_539_21