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Toxins Dec 2022The platysma muscle is a thin superficial muscle that covers the entire neck and lower part of the face. The platysma muscle is the primary target muscle for botulinum... (Review)
Review
The platysma muscle is a thin superficial muscle that covers the entire neck and lower part of the face. The platysma muscle is the primary target muscle for botulinum neurotoxin injection therapy aimed at treating platysmal band and lower facial lifting. In the procedure of botulinum neurotoxin injection therapy, a lack of knowledge of the anatomy of the platysma muscle and the properties of botulinum neurotoxin can lead to side effects such as dysphagia, dysphonia, and weakness of the neck muscles. Anatomically safe injection sites have been proposed for the platysma muscle, and the appropriate injection technique has been reviewed. We proposed optimal injection sites based on the external anatomical features of the mandible. The aim of these proposal was to standardize the procedure for the effective use of botulinum neurotoxin injections by minimizing the dose unit and injection points and thereby preventing adverse events.
Topics: Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System; Lifting; Neck; Neck Muscles; Botulinum Toxins, Type A
PubMed: 36548765
DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120868 -
Pediatric Annals Jul 2021
Topics: Child; Head; Humans; Neck; Otolaryngology
PubMed: 34264801
DOI: 10.3928/24761222-20210617-01 -
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology Aug 2023Given the low incidence, variety of histological types, and heterogeneous biological features of head and neck sarcomas, there is limited high-quality evidence available... (Review)
Review
Given the low incidence, variety of histological types, and heterogeneous biological features of head and neck sarcomas, there is limited high-quality evidence available to head and neck oncologists. For resectable sarcomas, surgical resection followed by radiotherapy is the principle of local treatment, and perioperative chemotherapy is considered for chemotherapy-sensitive sarcomas. They often originate in anatomical border areas such as the skull base and mediastinum, and they require a multidisciplinary treatment approach considering functional and cosmetic impairment. Moreover, head and neck sarcomas may exhibit different behaviour and characteristics than sarcomas of other areas. In recent years, the molecular biological features of sarcomas have been used for the pathological diagnosis and development of novel agents. This review describes the historical background and recent topics that head and neck oncologists should know about this rare tumour from the following five perspectives: (i) epidemiology and general characteristics of head and neck sarcomas; (ii) changes in histopathological diagnosis in the genomic era; (iii) current standard treatment by histological type and clinical questions specific to head and neck; (iv) new drugs for advanced and metastatic soft tissue sarcomas; and (v) proton and carbon ion radiotherapy for head and neck sarcomas.
Topics: Humans; Sarcoma; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Neck
PubMed: 37309253
DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyad048 -
The Neuroradiology Journal Oct 2022Autoimmune disease of the head and neck (H&N) could be primary or secondary to systemic diseases, medications, or malignancies. Immune-mediated diseases of the H&N are... (Review)
Review
Autoimmune disease of the head and neck (H&N) could be primary or secondary to systemic diseases, medications, or malignancies. Immune-mediated diseases of the H&N are not common in daily practice of radiologists; the diagnosis is frequently delayed because of the non-specific initial presentation and lack of familiarity with some of the specific imaging and clinical features. In this review, we aim to provide a practical diagnostic approach based on the specific radiological findings for each disease. We hope that our review will help radiologists expand their understanding of the spectrum of the discussed disease entities, help them narrow the differential diagnosis, and avoid unnecessary tissue biopsy when appropriate based on the specific clinical scenarios.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Head; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Neck
PubMed: 35603923
DOI: 10.1177/19714009221100983 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Nov 2022The advent of free flaps has made it possible to undertake increasingly complex reconstructive surgeries. Many of the patients have already undergone extensive prior...
The advent of free flaps has made it possible to undertake increasingly complex reconstructive surgeries. Many of the patients have already undergone extensive prior surgery, primary free flap reconstruction and/or cervical irradiation. These treatments strongly impact anatomy and tissue quality. The reconstructive surgeon may be faced with a situation where the choice of recipient vessels is limited; in 7% of cases, no cervical vessels are available at all. For venous anastomosis, branches of the internal and external jugular vein are preferentially used, but may have been ligated or be unusable. Venous congestion is one of the most common causes of failure in these situations. The cephalic vein has been described as an alternative for second anastomosis in first line, but is rarely used for early free-flap salvage. Based on a case study, the technique of cephalic vein transposition is illustrated for early salvage of a double free flap for head-and-neck reconstruction. This technique is simple, reliable and rapid. It should be part of the armamentarium of the head and neck reconstructive surgeon.
Topics: Humans; Neck; Free Tissue Flaps; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Anastomosis, Surgical; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35131200
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2022.01.001 -
The British Journal of Radiology Aug 2022Zero echo-time (ZTE) MRI is a novel imaging technique that utilizes ultrafast readouts to capture signal from short-T2 tissues. Additional sequence advantages include... (Review)
Review
Zero echo-time (ZTE) MRI is a novel imaging technique that utilizes ultrafast readouts to capture signal from short-T2 tissues. Additional sequence advantages include rapid imaging times, silent scanning, and artifact resistance. A robust application of this technology is imaging of cortical bone without the use of ionizing radiation, thus representing a viable alternative to CT for both rapid screening and "one-stop-shop" MRI. Although ZTE is increasingly used in musculoskeletal and body imaging, neuroimaging applications have historically been limited by complex anatomy and pathology. In this article, we review the imaging physics of ZTE including pulse sequence options, practical limitations, and image reconstruction. We then discuss optimization of settings for ZTE bone neuroimaging including acquisition, processing, segmentation, synthetic CT generation, and artifacts. Finally, we examine clinical utility of ZTE in the head and neck with imaging examples including malformations, trauma, tumors, and interventional procedures.
Topics: Artifacts; Head; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neck
PubMed: 35616709
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20220059 -
Journal of Medical Ultrasonics (2001) Oct 2022Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in the head and neck region plays a particularly significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of upper airway stenosis, swelling, and... (Review)
Review
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in the head and neck region plays a particularly significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of upper airway stenosis, swelling, and painful diseases in the neck, and in the evaluation of swallowing function. Therefore, it should be performed in various medical settings beyond the boundaries of the clinical department such as general medicine, emergency medicine, anesthesiology, orthopedics, and pediatrics. The target diseases are salivary gland disease, lymph node disease, pharyngeal disease, laryngeal disease, esophageal disease, thyroid disease, and dysphagia and dyspnea due to various causes. Head and neck POCUS is an extremely useful diagnostic method for both patients and doctors, and its use is expected to become more widespread in the future.
Topics: Humans; Child; Point-of-Care Systems; Neck; Ultrasonography; Head; Dyspnea
PubMed: 36284028
DOI: 10.1007/s10396-022-01266-8 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Feb 2021Head and neck ultrasound examination is increasingly used as point-of-care imaging among clinicians from different specialities to improve the diagnostic workup and... (Review)
Review
Head and neck ultrasound examination is increasingly used as point-of-care imaging among clinicians from different specialities to improve the diagnostic workup and perform ultrasound-guided interventions. Ultrasound can provide immediate information about morphology and anatomic relation of lumps and bumps of the neck and guide treatment of various lesions varying from patients with putative head and neck cancer to patients with acute neck abscess. This review describes the principles of a systematic head and neck ultrasound examination and the most common pathologies diagnoses with benefit by ultrasound.
Topics: Head; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Neck; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33660597
DOI: No ID Found -
AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology Oct 2022The Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System (NI-RADS) is a guide developed and introduced in 2017 by head and neck radiologists who worked in an academic radiology...
The Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System (NI-RADS) is a guide developed and introduced in 2017 by head and neck radiologists who worked in an academic radiology department. Based on the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, the initial goals of NI-RADS were to make posttreatment head and neck cancer imaging dictations more succinct and efficient, guide treating physicians in the next appropriate steps when recurrence was suspected, and encourage institutional and national research. NI-RADS is more than a dictation template, and it is best instituted after a head and neck imaging practice is established. We support the use of NI-RADS once a radiologist understands the nuances of head and neck cancer, including the biology, common subsites involved, essentials of tumor staging, common posttreatment benign imaging appearances, and subtleties of recurrent disease.
Topics: Humans; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Neck; Diagnostic Imaging; Radiologists; Research Design
PubMed: 36574331
DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A7627 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal 2019
Topics: Developing Countries; Head; Humans; Medical Missions; Neck; Otolaryngology; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 31554430
DOI: 10.1177/0145561319864553