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Cancer Prevention Research... Jul 2022The microbiome has increasingly been linked to cancer. Little is known about the lung and oral cavity microbiomes in smokers, and even less for electronic cigarette (EC)...
UNLABELLED
The microbiome has increasingly been linked to cancer. Little is known about the lung and oral cavity microbiomes in smokers, and even less for electronic cigarette (EC) users, compared with never-smokers. In a cross-sectional study (n = 28) of smokers, EC users, and never-smokers, bronchoalveolar lavage and saliva samples underwent metatranscriptome profiling to examine associations with lung and oral microbiomes. Pairwise comparisons assessed differentially abundant bacteria species. Total bacterial load was similar between groups, with no differences in bacterial diversity across lung microbiomes. In lungs, 44 bacteria species differed significantly (FDR < 0.1) between smokers/never-smokers, with most decreased in smokers. Twelve species differed between smokers/EC users, all decreased in smokers of which Neisseria sp. KEM232 and Curvibacter sp. AEP1-3 were observed. Among the top five decreased species in both comparisons, Neisseria elongata, Neisseria sicca, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae were observed. In the oral microbiome, 152 species were differentially abundant for smokers/never-smokers, and 17 between smokers/electronic cigarette users, but only 21 species were differentially abundant in both the lung and oral cavity. EC use is not associated with changes in the lung microbiome compared with never-smokers, indicating EC toxicity does not affect microbiota. Statistically different bacteria in smokers compared with EC users and never-smokers were almost all decreased, potentially due to toxic effects of cigarette smoke. The low numbers of overlapping oral and lung microbes suggest that the oral microbiome is not a surrogate for analyzing smoking-related effects in the lung.
PREVENTION RELEVANCE
The microbiome affects cancer and other disease risk. The effects of e-cig usage on the lung microbiome are essentially unknown. Given the importance of lung microbiome dysbiosis populated by oral species which have been observed to drive lung cancer progression, it is important to study effects of e-cig use on microbiome.
Topics: Bacteria; Cross-Sectional Studies; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Lung; Microbiota; Saliva; Vaping
PubMed: 35667088
DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-21-0601 -
PloS One 2023Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a highly adapted human sexually transmitted pathogen that can cause symptomatic infections associated with localized inflammation as well as...
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a highly adapted human sexually transmitted pathogen that can cause symptomatic infections associated with localized inflammation as well as asymptomatic and subclinical infections, particularly in females. Gonococcal infection in humans does not generate an effective immune response in most cases, which contributes to both transmission of the pathogen and reinfection after treatment. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is known to evade and suppress human immune responses through a variety of mechanisms. Commensal Neisseria species that are closely related to N. gonorrhoeae, such as N. cinerea, N. lactamica, N. elongata, and N. mucosa, rarely cause disease and instead asymptomatically colonize mucosal sites for prolonged periods of time without evoking clearing immunologic responses. We have shown previously that N. gonorrhoeae inhibits the capacity of antigen-pulsed dendritic cells to induce CD4+ T cell proliferation in vitro. Much of the suppressive effects of N. gonorrhoeae on dendritic cells can be recapitulated either by outer-membrane vesicles released from the bacteria or by purified PorB, the most abundant outer-membrane protein in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. We show here that three commensal Neisseria species, N. cinerea, N. lactamica and N. mucosa, show a comparable capacity to suppress dendritic cell-induced T cell proliferation in vitro through mechanisms similar to those demonstrated previously for N. gonorrhoeae, including inhibition by purified PorB. Our findings suggest that some immune-evasive properties of pathogenic N. gonorrhoeae are shared with commensal Neisseria species and may contribute to the ability of both pathogens and commensals to cause prolonged mucosal colonization in humans.
Topics: Humans; Neisseria; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Gonorrhea; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Membrane Proteins
PubMed: 37027389
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284062 -
Microbiology Spectrum Oct 2022Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is influenced by oral and gut bacteria; however, much less is known about the relationship between oral or gut viromes and RA. Here, we...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is influenced by oral and gut bacteria; however, much less is known about the relationship between oral or gut viromes and RA. Here, we performed whole-oral- and whole-gut-virome analyses based on shotgun sequencing of 497 samples. A comparative analysis of the oral and gut viromes in healthy controls and untreated and treated RA patients was performed, and system interaction networks among viruses, bacteria, and RA-associated clinical indices were constructed to address the potential relationship between the virome and RA by principal-coordinate analysis, distance-based redundancy analysis, permutational multivariate analysis, Spearman correlation coefficient analysis, and random-forest model analysis. The results showed that the viromes could be profiled in dental plaque, saliva, and fecal samples, among which saliva had the highest within-sample diversity. Importantly, significantly different diversities and compositions of the oral (i.e., dental plaque and saliva) viromes were observed not only between RA patients and healthy controls but also between untreated and treated RA patients, yet there were relatively minor differences in the gut viromes. Furthermore, to understand how these viruses affected the bacteriome, a virus-bacterium interaction network was constructed from dental plaque, saliva, and fecal samples of RA patients. Additionally, some RA-associated oral taxa, including phage (vOTU70), Bacteroides vulgatus, Lactococcus lactis, Escherichia coli, and Neisseria elongata, were correlated with the RA-related clinical indices. Whole-virome analysis illustrated the potential role of the oral and gut viromes in affecting our body either directly or via bacteria, which characterized neglected and new candidates contributing to the development of RA. Our results demonstrated community variation among dental plaque, saliva, and fecal viromes. In oral and gut samples from untreated and treated RA patients, the perturbance of viral composition and the correlation network of microbes and RA-associated clinical indices might be involved in the pathogenicity of RA. The findings in this study expand the knowledge of the potential role of oral and gut viral communities in the development of RA and may contribute to research on correlations between viruses and other diseases.
Topics: Humans; Virome; Dental Plaque; Dysbiosis; Viruses; Bacteria; Arthritis, Rheumatoid
PubMed: 36040159
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00348-22 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Feb 2023Peritoneal dialysis (PD) can result in peritonitis, which frequently causes severe and near-fatal clinical implications if left untreated. Usually, gram-positive...
UNLABELLED
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) can result in peritonitis, which frequently causes severe and near-fatal clinical implications if left untreated. Usually, gram-positive bacteria are the most common organisms involved. Uncommonly recognized as the cause of peritonitis in PD patients, is a gram-negative nasal and oropharyngeal normal flora organism.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a rare case of a 29-year-old man who had received automated PD for 6 years and had peritonitis.
DISCUSSION
Several case reports of -related peritonitis may point to the potential pathogenicity of such organisms and suggest that many cases of culture-negative peritonitis may have been misdiagnosed. Poor nutrition and chronic kidney disease have been suggested as potential risk factors for peritonitis, both of which are present in our patient. With appropriate antibiotic use, most of the cases respond well to empirical treatment.
CONCLUSION
Although rare, can lead to PD catheter. peritonitis that, in some cases, require changing to hemodialysis.
PubMed: 36845771
DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000000018 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Dec 2022Peritoneal dialysis (PD) can result in peritonitis, which frequently causes severe and near-fatal clinical implications if left untreated. Usually, Gram-positive...
INTRODUCTION
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) can result in peritonitis, which frequently causes severe and near-fatal clinical implications if left untreated. Usually, Gram-positive bacteria are the most common organisms involved. Uncommonly recognized as the cause of peritonitis in PD patients, Neisseria Elongata is a gram-negative nasal and oropharyngeal normal flora organism.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a rare case of a 29-year-old man who had received automated peritoneal dialysis for six years and had Neisseria Elongata peritonitis.
DISCUSSION
Several case Reports of niseria-related peritonitis may point to the potential pathogenicity of such organisms and suggest that many cases of culture-negative peritonitis may have been misdiagnosed. Poor nutrition and chronic kidney disease have been suggested as potential risk factors for Neisseria elongata peritonitis [8], both of which are present in our patient. With appropriate antibiotic use, most of the cases respond well to empirical treatment.
CONCLUSION
Although rare, Neisseria Elongata can lead to Peritoneal Dialysis catheter Peritonitis that, in some cases, require changing to hemodialysis.
PubMed: 36582891
DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104920 -
International Journal of Cancer Mar 2022Evidence suggests that Helicobacter pylori plays a role in gastric cancer (GC) initiation. However, epidemiologic studies on the specific role of other bacteria in the...
Evidence suggests that Helicobacter pylori plays a role in gastric cancer (GC) initiation. However, epidemiologic studies on the specific role of other bacteria in the development of GC are lacking. We conducted a case-control study of 89 cases with gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) and 89 matched controls who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at three sites affiliated with NYU Langone Health. We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing using oral wash samples from 89 case-control pairs and antral mucosal brushing samples from 55 case-control pairs. We examined the associations of relative abundances of bacterial taxa and functional pathways with IM using conditional logistic regression with and without elastic-net penalty. Compared with controls, oral species Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Johnsonella ignava, Neisseria elongata and Neisseria flavescens were enriched in cases (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.29-1.50, P = .004-.01) while Lactobacillus gasseri, Streptococcus mutans, S parasanguinis and S sanguinis were under-represented (ORs = 0.66-0.76, P = .006-.042) in cases. Species J ignava and Filifactor alocis in the gastric microbiota were enriched (ORs = 3.27 and 1.43, P = .005 and .035, respectively), while S mutans, S parasanguinis and S sanguinis were under-represented (ORs = 0.61-0.75, P = .024-.046), in cases compared with controls. The lipopolysaccharide and ubiquinol biosynthesis pathways were more abundant in IM, while the sugar degradation pathways were under-represented in IM. The findings suggest potential roles of certain oral and gastric microbiota, which are correlated with regulation of pathways associated with inflammation, in the development of gastric precancerous lesions.
Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Male; Metagenomics; Metaplasia; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Precancerous Conditions; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 34664721
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33848 -
Germs Dec 2019, which is part of the normal oropharyngeal bacterial flora, can be an aggressive organism causing serious infections including infective endocarditis. infective...
INTRODUCTION
, which is part of the normal oropharyngeal bacterial flora, can be an aggressive organism causing serious infections including infective endocarditis. infective endocarditis is rare and no current guidelines exist to direct antibiotic selection and/or duration of treatment.
CASE REPORT
We report a case of infective endocarditis due to and a review of the literature. Our patient is a healthy young woman, who was found to have an aortic root abscess with valve perforation requiring valve replacement.
DISCUSSION
infective endocarditis typically affects the left cardiac chambers and is associated with high risk of embolization. A transesophageal echocardiogram should be performed as part of the initial workup to assess the extent of infection, as a high percentage of patients develop perivalvular abscess formation and/or valve perforation. Most patients require prolonged antibiotic therapy and early surgical intervention.
CONCLUSIONS
This case demonstrates the potential severity of endocarditis. Further studies are needed to establish management guidance.
PubMed: 32042725
DOI: 10.18683/germs.2019.1176 -
Cell Host & Microbe Aug 2019The mucosa is colonized with commensal Neisseria. Some of these niches are sites of infection for the STD pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ngo). Given the antagonistic...
The mucosa is colonized with commensal Neisseria. Some of these niches are sites of infection for the STD pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ngo). Given the antagonistic behavior of commensal bacteria toward their pathogenic relatives, we hypothesized that commensal Neisseria may negatively affect Ngo colonization. Here, we report that commensal species of Neisseria kill Ngo through a mechanism based on genetic competence and DNA methylation state. Specifically, commensal-triggered killing occurs when the pathogen takes up commensal DNA containing a methylation pattern that it does not recognize. Indeed, any DNA will kill Ngo if it can enter the cell, is differentially methylated, and has homology to the pathogen genome. Consistent with these findings, commensal Neisseria elongata accelerates Ngo clearance from the mouse in a DNA-uptake-dependent manner. Collectively, we propose that commensal Neisseria antagonizes Ngo infection through a DNA-mediated mechanism and that DNA is a potential microbicide against this highly drug-resistant pathogen.
Topics: Animals; Antibiosis; Coculture Techniques; Colony Count, Microbial; DNA Damage; DNA Methylation; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Models, Animal; Neisseria; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Symbiosis
PubMed: 31378677
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.003 -
Canadian Journal of Microbiology Aug 2022The development of simple and highly efficient strategies for genetic modifications is essential for postgenetic studies aimed at characterizing gene functions for...
The development of simple and highly efficient strategies for genetic modifications is essential for postgenetic studies aimed at characterizing gene functions for various applications. We sought to develop a reliable system for species that allows for both unmarked and accumulation of multiple genetic modifications in a single strain. In this work, we developed and validated three-gene cassettes named RPLK and RPCC, comprising of an antibiotic resistance marker for positive selection, the phenotypic selection marker or mCherry, and the counterselection gene These cassettes can be transformed with high efficiency across the genus while significantly reducing the number of false positives compared with similar approaches. We exemplified the versatility and application of these systems by obtaining unmarked luminescent strains (knock-in) or mutants (knock-out) in different pathogenic and commensal species across the genus in addition to the cumulative deletion of six loci in a single strain of
Topics: Drug Resistance, Microbial; Neisseria
PubMed: 35512370
DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2022-0024 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... May 2003We describe a case of infective endocarditis due to Neisseria elongata, and review the literature. N. elongata is a constituent of the normal oral flora and a rare cause... (Review)
Review
We describe a case of infective endocarditis due to Neisseria elongata, and review the literature. N. elongata is a constituent of the normal oral flora and a rare cause of infective endocarditis. Unfamiliarity with the organism and its rod-shaped morphology may lead to a delay in microbiological diagnosis. Although the organism is relatively sensitive to antibiotics, our experience in the management of the described case and a review of previous reports suggest that antibiotic therapy alone may not be sufficient. It is likely that patients with N. elongata endocarditis will require surgery.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftazidime; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neisseria
PubMed: 12848758
DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00533.x