-
Frontiers in Immunology 2022() eradication has been reported to cause short-term disruption of gut microbiota. It is acknowledged that probiotics supplementation mitigates side effects induced by... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
() eradication has been reported to cause short-term disruption of gut microbiota. It is acknowledged that probiotics supplementation mitigates side effects induced by eradication, yet its role on alleviating dysbiosis of microbiota is obscure.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the impact of probiotics on gastrointestinal microbiota after eradication therapy.
METHODS
This was a multicenter, double-blinded, randomized trial done at seven centers in China. A total of 276 treatment-naïve -positive patients were randomly assigned to receive 14-day bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (esomeprazole, bismuth, amoxicillin, furazolidone) combined with probiotics (Bifidobacterium Tetragenous viable Bacteria Tablets) (n=140) or placebo (n=136) for 28 days. Saliva, gastric mucosa and fecal samples were collected before and after therapy for 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
RESULTS
The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events was lower in probiotics group compared to placebo group (23.6% vs 37.7%, p=0.016), while there was no significant difference in eradication rate. We found dramatic perturbations of gut microbiota immediately following eradication, with the predominance of Proteobacteria in replacement of commensal Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and gradually restored after two weeks. The reduction of gut Bacteroidetes caused by eradication drugs was neutralized with probiotics supplementation. The gastric microbiota was completely reconstituted with depleted and other taxa flourished. Of note, patients treated with probiotics showed smaller fluctuations of gastric microbiota compared to those with placebo. We also observed changes of saliva microbiota after eradication, illustrated by the overgrowth of and depletion of . The expansion of some pathogenic genera, including , , in the mouth was suppressed by probiotics.
CONCLUSION
This study not only demonstrated the beneficial effect of probiotics implementation on side events during eradication but also provided a comprehensive profile of microbiome alterations along gastrointestinal tract that modulated by probiotics.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter pylori; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Helicobacter Infections; Bismuth; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Probiotics; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 36426355
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033063 -
Gut Sep 2020Gastrointestinal microbiota may be involved in associated gastric cancer development. The aim of this study was to explore the possible microbial mechanisms in gastric...
OBJECTIVE
Gastrointestinal microbiota may be involved in associated gastric cancer development. The aim of this study was to explore the possible microbial mechanisms in gastric carcinogenesis and potential dysbiosis arising from infection.
DESIGN
Deep sequencing of the microbial 16S ribosomal RNA gene was used to investigate alterations in paired gastric biopsies and stool samples in 58 subjects with successful and 57 subjects with failed anti- treatment, relative to 49 negative subjects.
RESULTS
In positive subjects, richness and Shannon indexes increased significantly (both p<0.001) after successful eradication and showed no difference to those of negative subjects (p=0.493 for richness and p=0.420 for Shannon index). Differential taxa analysis identified 18 significantly altered gastric genera after eradication. The combination of these genera into a Microbial Dysbiosis Index revealed that the dysbiotic microbiota in positive mucosa was associated with advanced gastric lesions (chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia/dysplasia) and could be reversed by eradication. Strong coexcluding interactions between and , , , , were found only in advanced gastric lesion patients, and were absent in normal/superficial gastritis group. Changes in faecal microbiota included increased after successful eradication and more upregulated drug-resistant functional orthologs after failed treatment.
CONCLUSION
infection contributes significantly to gastric microbial dysbiosis that may be involved in carcinogenesis. Successful eradication potentially restores gastric microbiota to a similar status as found in uninfected individuals, and shows beneficial effects on gut microbiota.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biopsy; Dysbiosis; Feces; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis, Atrophic; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Male; Metaplasia; Microbial Interactions; Middle Aged; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 31857433
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319696 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022is a gram-negative diplococcus and a transient commensal of the human nasopharynx. It shares and competes for this niche with a number of other species including and... (Review)
Review
is a gram-negative diplococcus and a transient commensal of the human nasopharynx. It shares and competes for this niche with a number of other species including and . Unlike these other members of the genus, may become invasive, crossing the epithelium of the nasopharynx and entering the bloodstream, where it rapidly proliferates causing a syndrome known as Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD). IMD progresses rapidly to cause septic shock and meningitis and is often fatal despite aggressive antibiotic therapy. While many of the ways in which meningococci survive in the host environment have been well studied, recent insights into the interactions between and the epithelial, serum, and endothelial environments have expanded our understanding of how IMD develops. This review seeks to incorporate recent work into the established model of pathogenesis. In particular, we focus on the competition that faces in the nasopharynx from other species, and how the genetic diversity of the meningococcus contributes to the wide range of inflammatory and pathogenic potentials observed among different lineages.
Topics: Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Life Style; Meningococcal Infections; Neisseria; Neisseria meningitidis
PubMed: 35531336
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.862935 -
AIMS Microbiology 2018The oral microbiome is diverse in its composition due to continuous contact of oral cavity with the external environment. Temperatures, diet, pH, feeding habits are... (Review)
Review
The oral microbiome is diverse in its composition due to continuous contact of oral cavity with the external environment. Temperatures, diet, pH, feeding habits are important factors that contribute in the establishment of oral microbiome. Both culture dependent and culture independent approaches have been employed in the analysis of oral microbiome. Gene-based methods like PCR amplification techniques, random amplicon cloning, PCR-RELP, T-RELP, DGGE and DNA microarray analysis have been applied to increase oral microbiome related knowledge. Studies revealed that microbes from the phyla , TM7 predominately inhabits the oral cavity. Culture-independent molecular techniques revealed the presence of genera , and in periodontal disease. Bacteria, fungi and protozoa colonize themselves on various surfaces in oral cavity. Microbial biofilms are formed on the buccal mucosa, dorsum of the tongue, tooth surfaces and gingival sulcus. Various studies demonstrate relationship between unbalanced microflora and development of diseases like tooth caries, periodontal diseases, type 2 diabetes, circulatory system related diseases etc. Transcriptome-based remodelling of microbial metabolism in health and disease associated states has been well reported. Human diets and habitat can trigger virus activation and influence phage members of oral microbiome. As it is said, "Mouth, is the gateway to the total body wellness, thus oral microbiome influences overall health of an individual".
PubMed: 31294203
DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2018.1.42 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2018The innate defense system of the female mucosal genital tract involves a close and complex interaction among the healthy vaginal microbiota, different cells, and various... (Review)
Review
The innate defense system of the female mucosal genital tract involves a close and complex interaction among the healthy vaginal microbiota, different cells, and various proteins that protect the host from pathogens. Vaginal lactobacilli and lactoferrin represent two essential actors in the vaginal environment. Lactobacilli represent the dominant bacterial species able to prevent facultative and obligate anaerobes outnumber in vaginal microbiota maintaining healthy microbial homeostasis. Several mechanisms underlie the protection exerted by lactobacilli: competition for nutrients and tissue adherence, reduction of the vaginal pH, modulation of immunity, and production of bioactive compounds. Among bioactive factors of cervicovaginal mucosa, lactoferrin, an iron-binding cationic glycoprotein, is a multifunctional glycoprotein with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic activities, recently emerging as an important modulator of inflammation. Lactobacilli and lactoferrin are largely under the influence of female hormones and of paracrine production of various cytokines. Lactoferrin is strongly increased in lower genital tract mucosal fluid of women affected by , and infections promoting both innate and adaptive immune responses. In vaginal dysbiosis characterized by low amounts of vaginal lactobacilli and increased levels of endogenous anaerobic bacteria, the increase in lactoferrin could act as an immune modulator assuming the role normally played by the healthy microbiota in vaginal mucosa. Then lactoferrin and lactobacilli may be considered as biomarkers of altered microbial homeostasis at vaginal level. Considering the shortage of effective treatments to counteract recurrent and/or antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, the intravaginal administration of lactobacilli and lactoferrin could be a novel efficient therapeutic strategy and a valuable tool to restore mucosal immune homeostasis.
Topics: Animals; Cervix Uteri; Dysbiosis; Female; Homeostasis; Humans; Immunity, Mucosal; Lactobacillus; Lactoferrin; Microbiota; Vagina; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 29545798
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00376 -
The Journal of Infection Dec 2023Few data outside of individual case reports are available on non-meningococcal, non-gonococcal species of Neisseria as causative agents of invasive disease. This review... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Few data outside of individual case reports are available on non-meningococcal, non-gonococcal species of Neisseria as causative agents of invasive disease. This review collates disease, organism and patient information from case reports on the topic.
METHODS
A literature search was performed examining articles describing diseases caused by non-meningococcal and non-gonococcal Neisseria.
FINDINGS
Neisseria present as opportunistic pathogens causing a wide variety of diseases including serious presentations, endocarditis being the most common condition described and N. mucosa the most commonly presenting pathogen overall. Disease may occur in otherwise healthy patients, although risk factors for infection include recent surgery, an immunocompromised state, poor oral health, and intravenous drug use.
CONCLUSIONS
Commensal Neisseria infections are rare but can present serious invasive diseases. Further research is required to determine why some species cause disease more than others or why some are inclined towards particular manifestations.
Topics: Humans; Neisseria; Endocarditis; Symbiosis; Immunocompromised Host; Neisseria meningitidis
PubMed: 37797844
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.09.007 -
BioMed Research International 2021Large quantities of bacteria, including , , and , colonize the surface of the respiratory mucosa of healthy people. They interact and coexist with the local mucosal... (Review)
Review
Large quantities of bacteria, including , , and , colonize the surface of the respiratory mucosa of healthy people. They interact and coexist with the local mucosal immune system of the human airway, maintaining the immune stability and balance of the respiratory system. While suffering from chronic respiratory diseases, the microbial population in the airway changes and the proportion of is increased in patients with asthma. The abundance of the microbial population in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is decreased, and conversely, the proportion of and increased. The diversity of airway microorganisms in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is decreased, while pathogenic bacteria and conditional pathogenic bacteria are proliferated in large numbers. The proportion of and is increased in patients with upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), which replaces the dominance of and in the pharynx of a normal population. Therefore, a clear understanding of the immune process of the airway flora and the immune dysfunction of the flora on the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases can provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of human respiratory diseases.
Topics: Asthma; Chronic Disease; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Microbiota; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Respiration Disorders
PubMed: 34435047
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6431862 -
The Brazilian Journal of Infectious... 2019Neisseria meningitidis is a bacterium that colonizes the human nasopharynx and is transmitted by respiratory droplets from asymptomatic or symptomatic carriers.... (Review)
Review
Neisseria meningitidis is a bacterium that colonizes the human nasopharynx and is transmitted by respiratory droplets from asymptomatic or symptomatic carriers. Occasionally, the pathogen invades the mucosa and enters the bloodstream, causing invasive meningococcal disease, a life-threatening infection. While meningococcal colonization is the first step in the development of invasive disease, the risk factors that predict progression from asymptomatic to symptomatic status are not well-known. The present report aimed to describe the prevalence of N. meningitidis carriers throughout the Americas, emphasizing the risk factors associated with carrier status, as well as the most prevalent serogroups in each studied population. We conducted a systematic review by searching for original studies in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, LILACS and SciELO databases, published between 2001 and 2018. Exclusion criteria were articles published in a review format, case studies, case control studies, investigations involving animal models, and techniques or publications that did not address the prevalence of asymptomatic carriers in an American country. A total of 784 articles were identified, of which 23 were selected. The results indicate that the highest prevalence rates are concentrated in Cuba (31.9%), the United States (24%), and Brazil (21.5%), with increased prevalence found among adolescents and young adults, specifically university students and males. The present systematic review was designed to support epidemiological surveillance and prevention measures to aid in the formulation of strategies designed to control the transmission of meningococci in a variety of populations and countries throughout the Americas.
Topics: Americas; Female; Humans; Immunization Programs; Male; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Neisseria meningitidis; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31344352
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2019.06.006