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JSLS : Journal of the Society of... 2012Schwannomas are tumors originating from Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve sheath (neurilemma) of the neuroectoderm. Rarely, schwannomas can arise from the...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Schwannomas are tumors originating from Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve sheath (neurilemma) of the neuroectoderm. Rarely, schwannomas can arise from the retroperitoneum and adrenal medulla. We describe a case of a 71-y-old woman who presented with an incidentally discovered adrenal tumor.
METHODS
Ultrasound and computed tomography scans revealed a lesion with solid and cystic areas originating from the left adrenal gland. The patient underwent complete laparoscopic resection of the tumor and the left adrenal gland.
RESULTS
Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the excised specimen revealed a benign schwannoma measuring 5.5×5 3.7 cm. To our knowledge, few other cases of laparoscopic resection of adrenal schwannomas have been reported.
CONCLUSION
Because preoperative diagnosis of adrenal tumors is inconclusive, complete laparoscopic excision allows for definitive diagnosis with histological evaluation and represents the treatment of choice.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Aged; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Laparoscopy; Neurilemmoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 23484583
DOI: 10.4293/108680812X13517013316753 -
Neurology May 2017Gulf War illness (GWI), which afflicts at least 25% of veterans who served in the 1990-1991 war in the Persian Gulf, is thought to be caused by deployment exposures to...
Gulf War illness (GWI), which afflicts at least 25% of veterans who served in the 1990-1991 war in the Persian Gulf, is thought to be caused by deployment exposures to various neurotoxicants, including pesticides, anti-nerve gas pills, and low-level nerve agents including sarin/cyclosarin. GWI is a multisymptom disorder characterized by fatigue, joint pain, cognitive problems, and gastrointestinal complaints. The most prominent symptoms of GWI (memory problems, poor attention/concentration, chronic headaches, mood alterations, and impaired sleep) suggest that the disease primarily affects the CNS. Development of urgently needed treatments depends on experimental models appropriate for testing mechanistic hypotheses and for screening therapeutic compounds. Rodent models have been useful thus far, but are limited by their inability to assess the contribution of genetic or epigenetic background to the disease, and because disease-vulnerable proteins and pathways may be different in humans relative to rodents. As of yet, no postmortem tissue from the veterans has become available for research. We are moving forward with a paradigm shift in the study of GWI, which utilizes contemporary stem cell technology to convert somatic cells from Gulf War veterans into pluripotent cell lines that can be differentiated into various cell types, including neurons, glia, muscle, or other relevant cell types. Such cell lines are immortal and will be a resource for GWI researchers to pursue mechanistic hypotheses and therapeutics.
Topics: Animals; Cellular Reprogramming; Cerebral Cortex; Gulf War; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Mice; Neurilemma; Neurons; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Research Design; Veterans
PubMed: 28507260
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003938 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2018All major processes in the nervous system depend on interactions between cells and nerve fibers. In this work we present a novel model of inhomogeneous electromagnetic...
All major processes in the nervous system depend on interactions between cells and nerve fibers. In this work we present a novel model of inhomogeneous electromagnetic fields originating from nerve fibers and delineate their influence on cells. By expanding Hodgkin-Huxley's applied current into axial current, governed by[Formula: see text], we reveal that cell-with-neuron interactions are regulated by the strength of the electromagnetic fields, which are homogeneous up to 2.066 μm or 6.606 μm away from neurilemma and axolemma, respectively. At the nodes of Ranvier, these fields reach strengths of 3.0 × 10T, while at the myelinated segments they only peak at 2.3 × 10T. These are the same fields which are, due to inhomogeneity, detected as 1,000 times weaker by magnetoencephalography. Considering the widespread occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders, our model reveals that a 50% demyelination increases the field strength by 0.35 × 10T, while a complete demyelination increases it by 0.7 × 10T. Since this suggests that the inhomogeneous electromagnetic fields around neurons play a role in physiological and pathological processes, including cell-to-neuron and cell-to-cell communication, their improved understanding opens up new therapeutic strategies based on electromagnetic field modulation or cell's surface charge alteration.
Topics: Cell Communication; Demyelinating Diseases; Electromagnetic Fields; Humans; Nervous System; Neurons
PubMed: 30150694
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31054-9 -
The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College 2013Schwannomas (neurilemmomas) are benign neoplasms derived from Schwann cells of the neurilemma and appear most frequently on the auditory nerve or peripheral nerves of...
Schwannomas (neurilemmomas) are benign neoplasms derived from Schwann cells of the neurilemma and appear most frequently on the auditory nerve or peripheral nerves of the skin. They arise in the oral and maxillofacial region infrequently, and very rarely in the center of the jaw. We herein present a case of a rare mandibular intraosseous schwannoma derived from the main trunk of the inferior alveolar nerve in a 33-year-old man. Fusiform expansion in the mandibular canal was observed and a mass showing the target sign in the mandibular canal was confirmed on T2-weighted and Gd contrastenhanced T1-weighted MRI. Based on these findings, an inferior alveolar nerve-derived schwannoma or other benign nervous system neoplasm was diagnosed. A buccal side cortical bone flap in the mandibular molar region was removed to expose the mass, which was then peeled away from the nerve fibers and completely removed. Some inferior alveolar nerve fibers that were connected to the mass were removed at the same time, but the remaining nerve fiber bundle was preserved. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a schwannoma with Antoni type A and Antoni type B regions. Although the patient experienced extremely mild paresthesia in the skin over the mental region and mental foramen at immediately after surgery, this had almost entirely disappeared at 7 years and 4 months later, and there has been no tumor recurrence.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mandible; Mandibular Neoplasms; Mandibular Nerve; Neurilemmoma; Radiography
PubMed: 23614949
DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.54.19 -
Journal of Anatomy Feb 1992The effects of pre- and posttransplantation exercise on satellite cell activation, and the eventual regeneration of skeletal muscle transplants, were studied...
The effects of pre- and posttransplantation exercise on satellite cell activation and the regeneration of skeletal muscle transplants: a morphometric and autoradiographic study in mice.
The effects of pre- and posttransplantation exercise on satellite cell activation, and the eventual regeneration of skeletal muscle transplants, were studied histologically, morphometrically and autoradiographically. It was found that satellite cells in these transplants were synthesising DNA 30 h after transplantation, and the transplants appeared to be revascularising at 60 h after surgery. Respectively, this was 18 and 12 h earlier than found in previous studies on nonexercising muscle using the same techniques. The morphometric analysis showed hypertrophy of the muscle fibres of the exercised transplants when compared with controls, and also an increase in the capillarity of the exercised transplants.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Capillaries; Cell Division; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Muscles; Neurilemma; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis; Regeneration; Time Factors
PubMed: 1452483
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Physiology Dec 19721. Tritiated tetrodotoxin has been prepared and purified, and its binding to rabbit, lobster, and garfish non-myelinated nerve fibres examined.2. In each case a...
1. Tritiated tetrodotoxin has been prepared and purified, and its binding to rabbit, lobster, and garfish non-myelinated nerve fibres examined.2. In each case a component of the binding curve was found that saturated at concentrations of a few nanomolar.3. In addition, non-specific binding, indicated by a linear dependence of the amount bound on concentration, occurred.4. The kinetics of wash-in and wash-out of the radioactive toxin were consistent with a model in which all binding was rapid and reversible and in which diffusion into and out of the nerve bundle was rate-limiting. This was shown by numerical solution of the appropriate non-linear diffusion equation. An extension of the limited biophase model that allows for non-specific binding was shown to give good semiquantitative approximations to the proper diffusion equation; and (unlike the latter) the extension was shown to have a relatively simple solution.5. A number of pharmacological agents were tested for competition with, or perturbation of, tetrodotoxin binding: sodium, calcium and hydrogen ions, lidocaine, batrachotoxin and saxitoxin. Apart from a small calcium effect, only saxitoxin, whose effect on sodium current is similar to that of tetrodotoxin, was found to interfere with binding. Increasing saxitoxin concentrations resulted in reduced amounts of tetrodotoxin binding in a manner consistent with a competition between the two toxins for the same site.
Topics: Animals; Axons; Binding Sites; Carbon Isotopes; Diffusion; Electrophoresis; Erythrocytes; Extracellular Space; Fishes; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Nephropidae; Neurilemma; Olfactory Nerve; Organ Size; Rabbits; Sodium; Temperature; Tetrodotoxin; Tritium; Vagus Nerve
PubMed: 4646588
DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp010022 -
British Journal of Experimental... Oct 1966
Topics: Animals; Demyelinating Diseases; Diphtheria Toxin; Neurilemma; Poultry; Schwann Cells; Sciatic Nerve
PubMed: 5927093
DOI: No ID Found