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Biochemistry. Biokhimiia Mar 2017Biochemical processes in synapses and other neuronal compartments underlie neuroplasticity (functional and structural alterations in the brain enabling adaptation to the... (Review)
Review
Biochemical processes in synapses and other neuronal compartments underlie neuroplasticity (functional and structural alterations in the brain enabling adaptation to the environment, learning, memory, as well as rehabilitation after brain injury). This basic molecular level of brain plasticity covers numerous specific proteins (enzymes, receptors, structural proteins, etc.) participating in many coordinated and interacting signal and metabolic processes, their modulation forming a molecular basis for brain plasticity. The articles in this issue are focused on different "hot points" in the research area of biochemical mechanisms supporting neuroplasticity.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Humans; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuronal Plasticity
PubMed: 28320264
DOI: 10.1134/S0006297917030014 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Dec 2017The developing brain is especially sensitive to a wide range of experiences, showing a remarkable capacity for plastic changes that influence behavioural outcomes... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
The developing brain is especially sensitive to a wide range of experiences, showing a remarkable capacity for plastic changes that influence behavioural outcomes throughout the lifetime. We review the principles that regulate this plasticity in development and consider the factors that modulate the developing brain. These include early sensory, motor, and language experience, early stress, caregiver interactions, peer interactions, psychoactive drugs, diet, microbiome, and the immune system. Emphasis is given to changes in behaviour, epigenetics, and neuronal morphology.
WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS
A discussion of the surprising range of factors influencing brain development Life experiences interact resulting in a phenomenon called metaplasticity.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Child; Child Development; Humans; Neuronal Plasticity
PubMed: 28901550
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13546 -
BMC Neuroscience Jun 2023When it comes to studying neural plasticity and psychedelics, the numerous and diverse neuroscientific fields converging on the topic provide unique insight into a...
When it comes to studying neural plasticity and psychedelics, the numerous and diverse neuroscientific fields converging on the topic provide unique insight into a complex picture. This editorial will describe the major ways in which the known effects of psychedelics on plasticity are being studied. We lay out strengths of different techniques and the major gaps and room for future research, particularly in the translation of pre-clinical studies to human research.
Topics: Humans; Hallucinogens; Neuronal Plasticity; Biomedical Research; Animals
PubMed: 37391744
DOI: 10.1186/s12868-023-00809-0 -
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology Jul 2022Physical exercise may improve cognitive function by modulating molecular and cellular mechanisms within the brain. We propose that the facilitation of long-term synaptic... (Review)
Review
Physical exercise may improve cognitive function by modulating molecular and cellular mechanisms within the brain. We propose that the facilitation of long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP)-related pathways, by products induced by physical exercise (i.e., exerkines), is a crucial aspect of the exercise-effect on the brain. This review summarizes synaptic pathways that are activated by exerkines and may potentiate LTP. For a total of 16 exerkines, we indicated how blood and brain exerkine levels are altered depending on the type of physical exercise (i.e., cardiovascular or resistance exercise) and how they respond to a single bout (i.e., acute exercise) or multiple bouts of physical exercise (i.e., chronic exercise). This information may be used for designing individualized physical exercise programs. Finally, this review may serve to direct future research towards fundamental gaps in our current knowledge regarding the biophysical interactions between muscle activity and the brain at both cellular and system levels.
Topics: Cognition; Exercise; Hippocampus; Long-Term Potentiation; Neuronal Plasticity
PubMed: 35283168
DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100993 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2022Can plasticity be considered as an extension of "immaturity" [...].
Can plasticity be considered as an extension of "immaturity" [...].
Topics: Brain; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons
PubMed: 35457217
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084400 -
Neuron Sep 2004LTP and LTD, the long-term potentiation and depression of excitatory synaptic transmission, are widespread phenomena expressed at possibly every excitatory synapse in... (Review)
Review
LTP and LTD, the long-term potentiation and depression of excitatory synaptic transmission, are widespread phenomena expressed at possibly every excitatory synapse in the mammalian brain. It is now clear that "LTP" and "LTD" are not unitary phenomena. Their mechanisms vary depending on the synapses and circuits in which they operate. Here we review those forms of LTP and LTD for which mechanisms have been most firmly established. Examples are provided that show how these mechanisms can contribute to experience-dependent modifications of brain function.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Humans; Long-Term Potentiation; Long-Term Synaptic Depression; Neuronal Plasticity
PubMed: 15450156
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.09.012 -
Neural Plasticity 2016
Topics: Animals; Brain; Emotions; Humans; Neuroglia; Neuronal Plasticity
PubMed: 27293902
DOI: 10.1155/2016/5042902 -
Learning & Memory (Cold Spring Harbor,... Oct 2016It has long been hypothesized that conditioning mechanisms play major roles in addiction. Specifically, the associations between rewarding properties of drugs of abuse... (Review)
Review
It has long been hypothesized that conditioning mechanisms play major roles in addiction. Specifically, the associations between rewarding properties of drugs of abuse and the drug context can contribute to future use and facilitate the transition from initial drug use into drug dependency. On the other hand, the self-medication hypothesis of drug abuse suggests that negative consequences of drug withdrawal result in relapse to drug use as an attempt to alleviate the negative symptoms. In this review, we explored these hypotheses and the involvement of the hippocampus in the development and maintenance of addiction to widely abused drugs such as cocaine, amphetamine, nicotine, alcohol, opiates, and cannabis. Studies suggest that initial exposure to stimulants (i.e., cocaine, nicotine, and amphetamine) and alcohol may enhance hippocampal function and, therefore, the formation of augmented drug-context associations that contribute to the development of addiction. In line with the self-medication hypothesis, withdrawal from stimulants, ethanol, and cannabis results in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory deficits, which suggest that an attempt to alleviate these deficits may contribute to relapse to drug use and maintenance of addiction. Interestingly, opiate withdrawal leads to enhancement of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Given that a conditioned aversion to drug context develops during opiate withdrawal, the cognitive enhancement in this case may result in the formation of an augmented association between withdrawal-induced aversion and withdrawal context. Therefore, individuals with opiate addiction may return to opiate use to avoid aversive symptoms triggered by the withdrawal context. Overall, the systematic examination of the role of the hippocampus in drug addiction may help to formulate a better understanding of addiction and underlying neural substrates.
Topics: Animals; Hippocampus; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Learning; Memory; Neuronal Plasticity; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 27634143
DOI: 10.1101/lm.042192.116 -
Neural Plasticity 2016
Topics: Animals; DNA Damage; Humans; Nerve Degeneration; Neuronal Plasticity
PubMed: 27313899
DOI: 10.1155/2016/1206840 -
Neural Plasticity 2012
Topics: Animals; Cognition; Dendritic Spines; Humans; Neuronal Plasticity
PubMed: 22690344
DOI: 10.1155/2012/875156