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Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 2021
PubMed: 34630053
DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.754714 -
British Journal of Pharmacology Dec 2018The fate and activity of drugs are frequently dictated not only by the host per se but also by the microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract. The gut... (Review)
Review
The fate and activity of drugs are frequently dictated not only by the host per se but also by the microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiome is known to, both directly and indirectly, affect drug metabolism. More evidence now hints at the effects that drugs can have on the function and composition of the gut microbiome. Both microbiota-mediated alterations in drug metabolism and drug-mediated alterations in the gut microbiome can have beneficial or detrimental effects on the host. Greater insights into the mechanisms driving these reciprocal drug-gut microbiota interactions are needed to guide the development of microbiome-targeted dietary or pharmacological interventions, which may have the potential to enhance drug efficacy or reduce drug side effects. In this review, we explore the relationship between drugs and the gut microbiome, with a specific focus on potential mechanisms underpinning the drug-mediated alterations on the gut microbiome and the potential implications for psychoactive drugs. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on When Pharmacology Meets the Microbiome: New Targets for Therapeutics? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.24/issuetoc.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Neuropharmacology; Psychotropic Drugs
PubMed: 29782640
DOI: 10.1111/bph.14366 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023
PubMed: 37346301
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1181871 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022
PubMed: 35401197
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.872103 -
Neuropharmacology Dec 2014Treatment of psychostimulant addiction has been a major, and not fully met, challenge. For opioid addiction, there is strong evidence for the effectiveness of several... (Review)
Review
Treatment of psychostimulant addiction has been a major, and not fully met, challenge. For opioid addiction, there is strong evidence for the effectiveness of several medications. For psychostimulants, there is no corresponding form of agonist maintenance that has met criteria for regulatory approval or generally accepted use. Stimulant-use disorders remain prevalent and can result in both short-term and long-term adverse consequences. The mainstay of treatment remains behavioral interventions. In this paper, we discuss those interventions and some promising candidates in the search for pharmacological interventions. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'CNS Stimulants'.
Topics: Central Nervous System Stimulants; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Self Administration; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 24727297
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.04.002 -
Journal of Neurology Apr 2016Why vestibular compensation (VC) after an acute unilateral vestibular loss is the neuro-otologist's best friend is the question at the heart of this paper. The different... (Review)
Review
Why vestibular compensation (VC) after an acute unilateral vestibular loss is the neuro-otologist's best friend is the question at the heart of this paper. The different plasticity mechanisms underlying VC are first reviewed, and the authors present thereafter the dual concept of vestibulo-centric versus distributed learning processes to explain the compensation of deficits resulting from the static versus dynamic vestibular imbalance. The main challenges for the plastic events occurring in the vestibular nuclei (VN) during a post-lesion critical period are neural protection, structural reorganization and rebalance of VN activity on both sides. Data from animal models show that modulation of the ipsilesional VN activity by the contralateral drive substitutes for the normal push-pull mechanism. On the other hand, sensory and behavioural substitutions are the main mechanisms implicated in the recovery of the dynamic functions. These newly elaborated sensorimotor reorganizations are vicarious idiosyncratic strategies implicating the VN and multisensory brain regions. Imaging studies in unilateral vestibular loss patients show the implication of a large neuronal network (VN, commissural pathways, vestibulo-cerebellum, thalamus, temporoparietal cortex, hippocampus, somatosensory and visual cortical areas). Changes in gray matter volume in these multisensory brain regions are structural changes supporting the sensory substitution mechanisms of VC. Finally, the authors summarize the two ways to improve VC in humans (neuropharmacology and vestibular rehabilitation therapy), and they conclude that VC would follow a "top-down" strategy in patients with acute vestibular lesions. Future challenges to understand VC are proposed.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Neurology; Otolaryngologists; Sensory Receptor Cells; Vestibular Diseases; Vestibule, Labyrinth
PubMed: 27083885
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7903-4 -
Neuropharmacology Nov 2022
Review
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Hallucinogens
PubMed: 36007854
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109232 -
Current Neuropharmacology 2015Several lines of evidence indicate that rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in response to a wide range of stimuli that are capable of producing either euphoric... (Review)
Review
Several lines of evidence indicate that rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in response to a wide range of stimuli that are capable of producing either euphoric (positive) or dysphoric (negative) emotional states. On these bases, recordings of USVs are extensively used in preclinical studies of affect, motivation, and social behavior. Rat USVs are sensitive to the effects of certain classes of psychoactive drugs, suggesting that emission of rat USVs can have relevance not only to neurobiology, but also to neuropharmacology and psychopharmacology. This review summarizes three types of rat USVs, namely 40-kHz USVs emitted by pups, 22-kHz USVs and 50-kHz USVs emitted by young and adult animals, and relevance of these vocalizations to neuropharmacological studies. Attention will be focused on the issues of how rat USVs can be used to evaluate the pharmacological properties of different classes of drugs, and how rat USVs can be combined with other behavioral models used in neuropharmacology. The strengths and limitations of experimental paradigms based on the evaluation of rat USVs will also be discussed.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Neuropharmacology; Psychotropic Drugs; Rats; Vocalization, Animal
PubMed: 26411760
DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13999150318113800 -
British Journal of Pharmacology Apr 2022
Topics: Humans; Mental Disorders; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuropharmacology
PubMed: 35292961
DOI: 10.1111/bph.15711 -
Molecular Aspects of Medicine Apr 2022We propose an extension and further development of the Monod-Wyman-Changeux model for allosteric transitions of regulatory proteins to brain communications and... (Review)
Review
We propose an extension and further development of the Monod-Wyman-Changeux model for allosteric transitions of regulatory proteins to brain communications and specifically to neurotransmitters receptors, with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) as a model of ligand-gated ion channels. The present development offers an expression of the change of the gating isomerization constant caused by pharmacological ligand binding in terms of its value in the absence of ligands and several "modulation factors", which vary with orthosteric ligand binding (agonists/antagonists), allosteric ligand binding (positive allosteric modulators/negative allosteric modulators) and receptor desensitization. The new - explicit - formulation of such "modulation factors", provides expressions for the pharmacological attributes of potency, efficacy, and selectivity for the modulatory ligands (including endogenous neurotransmitters) in terms of their binding affinity for the active, resting, and desensitized states of the receptor. The current formulation provides ways to design neuroactive compounds with a controlled pharmacological profile, opening the field of computational neuro-pharmacology.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Humans; Ligands; Neuropharmacology; Receptors, Nicotinic
PubMed: 34656371
DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101044