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American Family Physician Aug 2018Epistaxis is a common emergency encountered by primary care physicians. Up to 60% of the general population experience epistaxis, and 6% seek medical attention for it.... (Review)
Review
Epistaxis is a common emergency encountered by primary care physicians. Up to 60% of the general population experience epistaxis, and 6% seek medical attention for it. More than 90% of cases arise from the anterior nasal circulation, and most treatments can be easily performed in the outpatient setting. Evaluation of a patient presenting with epistaxis should begin with assessment of vital signs, mental status, and airway patency. When examining the nose, a nasal speculum and a good light source, such as a headlamp, can be useful. Compressive therapy is the first step to controlling anterior epistaxis. Oxymetazoline nasal spray or application of cotton soaked in oxymetazoline or epinephrine 1: 1,000 may be useful adjuncts to compressive therapy. Directive nasal cautery, most commonly using silver nitrate, can be used to control localized continued bleeding or prominent vessels that are the suspected bleeding source. Finally, topical therapy and nasal packing can be used if other methods are unsuccessful. Compared with anterior epistaxis, posterior epistaxis is more likely to require hospitalization and twice as likely to need nasal packing. Posterior nasal packing is often associated with pain and a risk of aspiration if it is dislodged. After stabilization, patients with posterior packing often require referral to otolaryngology or the emergency department for definitive treatments.
Topics: Ambulatory Care; Epistaxis; Humans; Nose; Patient Care Management
PubMed: 30215971
DOI: No ID Found -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Oct 2017The nose is the central organ of the face. It has two essential roles, aesthetic and breathing. It is often seriously damaged in the context of facial burns, causing... (Review)
Review
The nose is the central organ of the face. It has two essential roles, aesthetic and breathing. It is often seriously damaged in the context of facial burns, causing grotesque facial disfigurement. As this disfigurement is visible on frontal and profile views, the patient suffers both socially and psychologically. The nose is a three-dimensional organ. Reconstruction is therefore more difficult and needs to be more precise than in other parts of the face. Maintaining symmetry, contour and function are essential for successful nasal reconstruction. Multiple factors determine the optimal method of reconstruction, including the size of the defect, its depth and its site. Satisfactory social life is recovered only after multiple surgical procedures and long-term rehabilitation and physiotherapy.
Topics: Burns; Burns, Chemical; Facial Injuries; Humans; Nose; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Patient Satisfaction; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Reoperation; Rhinoplasty; Surgical Flaps; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28336256
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2017.02.014 -
Facial Plastic Surgery : FPS Apr 2016Congenital anomalies of the nose range from complete aplasia of the nose to duplications and nasal masses. Nasal development is the result of a complex embryologic... (Review)
Review
Congenital anomalies of the nose range from complete aplasia of the nose to duplications and nasal masses. Nasal development is the result of a complex embryologic patterning and fusion of multiple primordial structures. Loss of signaling proteins or failure of migration or proliferation can result in structural anomalies with significant cosmetic and functional consequences. Congenital anomalies of the nose can be categorized into four broad categories: (1) aplastic or hypoplastic, (2) hyperplastic or duplications, (3) clefts, and (4) nasal masses. Our knowledge of the embryologic origin of these anomalies helps dictate subsequent work-up for associated conditions, and the appropriate treatment or surgical approach to manage newborns and children with these anomalies.
Topics: Humans; Nose; Nose Diseases; Rhinoplasty
PubMed: 27097134
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1582231 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Jan 2024
Topics: Humans; Skull Fractures; Nose
PubMed: 38253375
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.231013 -
European Review For Medical and... Mar 2023The aim of this paper is to investigate the efficacy of filler applications which were evaluated in terms of nasal deformity and quality of life of the patients, and to...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this paper is to investigate the efficacy of filler applications which were evaluated in terms of nasal deformity and quality of life of the patients, and to review the fillers around the nose.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Forty patients who underwent filler application were included into the study and were divided into Group 1 (Deep Radix), Group 2 (Minor irregularities due to rhinoplasty), Group 3 (Shallow dorsum) and Group 4 (Dorsal irregularity). There were 10 patients in each of the groups. In all groups, nasal deformity score was evaluated with a 1 to 5 scale as following: 1- No deformity, 2- Hardly visible deformity, 3- Visible deformity, 4- Moderate deformity, 5- Apparent deformity. Quality of life was evaluated by a 1 to 10 scale, 1 showing very low and 10 showing very high.
RESULTS
Our results showed that there were statistically significant improvements (decreased) in nasal deformity evaluation scores after the procedure compared to the before the procedure scores in Group 1 (Deep Radix), Group 3 (Shallow dorsum) and Group 4 (Dorsal irregularity) (p<0.05) However in Group 2 (Minor irregularities due to rhinoplasty), there were no significant differences between the nasal deformity evaluation scores after and before the procedure (p>0.05). For nasal deformity evaluation after the procedure, Group 1 (Deep Radix), Group 3 (Shallow dorsum) and Group 4 (Dorsal irregularity) scores were significantly lower (better) than Group 2 (Minor irregularities due to rhinoplasty) scores (padjusted <0.0125). In all four groups (Deep Radix, Minor irregularities due to rhinoplasty, Shallow dorsum, Dorsal irregularity), quality of life scores were significantly improved (increased) after the procedure compared to before the procedure (p<0.05). For Quality of life (VAS) before the procedure, Group 3 (Shallow dorsum) scores were significantly higher (improved, increased) than Group 1 (Deep Radix) and Group 4 (Dorsal irregularity) (padjusted <0.0125).
CONCLUSIONS
Filler applications improved (decreased) nasal deformity evaluation scores and improved (increased) quality of life scores. Fillers can be applied for deep radix, minor irregularities due to rhinoplasty, shallow dorsum and dorsal irregularity. It is essential to choose carefully appropriate materials and procedures for patients to obtain optimum results.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Nose; Rhinoplasty
PubMed: 36971217
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202303_31697 -
American Journal of Respiratory Cell... Jan 2020
Topics: Humans; Interleukin-17; Intestinal Mucosa; Nasal Mucosa; Nose; Pseudomonas Infections
PubMed: 31348675
DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0236ED -
Australian Journal of General Practice Oct 2018Patients with foreign bodies in their ear, nose or throat typically present to general practitioners. The safe and timely removal of foreign bodies ensures good patient... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Patients with foreign bodies in their ear, nose or throat typically present to general practitioners. The safe and timely removal of foreign bodies ensures good patient outcomes and limits complications.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this paper is to outline common foreign objects and review the associated anatomy that may make removal difficult. A description of instruments and indications for use is provided, along with circumstances where specialist referral is warranted.
DISCUSSION
The use of appropriate techniques for removal of foreign bodies reduces the complications of removal and associated distress, and limits the number of cases that require surgical input.
Topics: Ear; Foreign Bodies; Humans; Nose; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Pharynx; Referral and Consultation; Therapeutic Irrigation
PubMed: 31195771
DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-02-18-4503 -
California Medicine Jul 1957Rhinoplasty is safe, relatively painless and, if patients are carefully selected, quite successful. Psychological and personal benefits amply justify the procedure....
Rhinoplasty is safe, relatively painless and, if patients are carefully selected, quite successful. Psychological and personal benefits amply justify the procedure. Frequent indications are feelings of social rejection or ridicule and racial discrimination. Psychoneurotic patients with severe complexes, however, are poor subjects for rhinoplasty and should not be operated upon. It is doubtful that rhinoplasty grossly changes the physiologic integrity of the nose. Psychological trauma to the patient during hospitalization is to be avoided, sedation properly gauged for each patient, and complete block anesthesia used to preserve the cough reflex. The operation is brief and a small splint is worn for a few days. Complications are rare.
Topics: Humans; Nose; Rhinoplasty
PubMed: 13446739
DOI: No ID Found -
Facial Plastic Surgery : FPS Dec 2023Nasal bone fractures are the most common fractures of the facial skeleton and are often accompanied by bony, cartilaginous, and soft tissue injuries. These injuries are...
Nasal bone fractures are the most common fractures of the facial skeleton and are often accompanied by bony, cartilaginous, and soft tissue injuries. These injuries are often complex, and when untreated or inadequately treated, can lead to posttraumatic nasal deformity. The most common deformities are the crooked nose and the saddle nose. Both deformities may result in significant cosmetic and functional concerns. The treatment of these deformities can be complex, requiring careful evaluation of the nose and thoughtful planning to correct the cosmetic deformity and restore functional integrity. The rhinoplasty surgeon will benefit from having a large repertoire of techniques to achieve these repairs. In this article, we discuss the options and concepts for the management of nasal bone fractures as well as complicated posttraumatic nasal deformity. Level of evidence is not available.
Topics: Humans; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Nose; Rhinoplasty; Cartilage; Skull Fractures; Nasal Septum; Treatment Outcome; Nasal Bone
PubMed: 37567568
DOI: 10.1055/a-2152-8670 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Aug 2022Internal nasal cavity morphology has long been thought to reflect respiratory pressures related to heating and humidifying inspired air. Yet, despite the widely...
Internal nasal cavity morphology has long been thought to reflect respiratory pressures related to heating and humidifying inspired air. Yet, despite the widely recognized importance of ontogeny in understanding climatic and thermoregulatory adaptations, most research on nasal variation in modern and fossil humans focuses on static adult morphology. This study utilizes cross-sectional CT data of three morphologically distinct samples (African, European, Arctic) spanning from infancy to adulthood (total n = 321). Eighteen landmarks capturing external and internal regions of the face and nose were subjected to generalized Procrustes and form-space principal component analyses (separately conducted on global and individual samples) to ascertain when adult-specific nasal morphology emerges during ontogeny. Across the global sample, PC1 (67.18% of the variation) tracks age-related size changes regardless of ancestry, while PC2 (6.86%) differentiates between the ancestral groups irrespective of age. Growth curves tracking morphological changes by age-in-years indicate comparable growth trajectories across all three samples, with the majority of nasal size and shape established early in ontogeny (<5 years of age). Sex-based trends are also evident, with females exhibiting a more truncated growth period than males, particularly for nasal height dimensions. Differences are also evident between the anterior and posterior nose, with the height and breadth dimensions of the anterior nasal aperture and nasal cavity showing differential ontogenetic patterns compared to the choanae. Cumulatively, these results suggest that multiple selective pressures influence human nasal morphology through ontogenetic processes, including metabolic demands for sufficient oxygen intake and climatic demands for adequate intranasal air conditioning.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Black People; Female; Fossils; Hominidae; Humans; Male; Nasal Cavity; Nose
PubMed: 34549897
DOI: 10.1002/ar.24760