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BMJ Case Reports Mar 2018Entomopthoromycosis is a rare subcutaneous fungal infection caused by affecting mainly the upper respiratory mucosa in immunocompetent people.The manifestations of this...
Entomopthoromycosis is a rare subcutaneous fungal infection caused by affecting mainly the upper respiratory mucosa in immunocompetent people.The manifestations of this disease masquerades other clinical entities.Hence, high index of suspicion is required for prompt diagnosis.Histopathological examination and culture are the gold standard diagnostic tools, however no standard treatment protocols ha been mentioned in literature.We present a case of rhinofacial entomopthoromycosis in a yearold ma with a leftsided rhinofacial swelling to highlight the presence of this unusual fungal infection and its treatment.
Topics: Adult; Antifungal Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Conidiobolus; Diagnosis, Differential; Edema; Humans; Male; Nose Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Zygomycosis
PubMed: 29572369
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223608 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Feb 2018Chronic nasal dysfunction is a clinical concept in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of sinonasal diseases, based on the evo-devo theory of formation of the nose... (Review)
Review
Chronic nasal dysfunction is a clinical concept in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of sinonasal diseases, based on the evo-devo theory of formation of the nose according to which the nose is not a single organ but rather an association of three organs: olfactory nose, respiratory nose and paranasal sinuses. In chronic nasal dysfunction theory, etiological diagnosis takes account of the possible pathophysiological independence of nasal symptoms, in accordance with the different origins and physiology of the three organs constituting the nose. The diagnostic approach of the chronic nasal dysfunction concept breaks down the pathology so as to propose treatment(s) adapted to the diseased organ(s) and to the capacity for physiological resolution of dysfunction induced in one organ by pathology in a neighboring nasal organ. The ethmoid is not a sinus according to evo-devo, and therefore functional endoscopic endonasal surgery (FEES) cannot be restricted to functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Evo-devo theory and the chronic nasal dysfunction concept offer an alternative to the concept of chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyps for the management of sinonasal diseases.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Humans; Laryngoscopy; Nasal Obstruction; Nasal Polyps; Nasal Surgical Procedures; Rhinitis; Sinusitis; Smell; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29249643
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2017.11.006 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Apr 2019
Topics: Adult; Animals; Endemic Diseases; Humans; India; Male; Nasal Cavity; Nose Diseases; Rhinosporidiosis; Rhinosporidium
PubMed: 30943339
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm1811820 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Sep 2023Injuries to the cartilaginous structures of the nose can arise after minor trauma and without a concomitant nasal fracture. They are diagnosed with a thorough clinical... (Review)
Review
Injuries to the cartilaginous structures of the nose can arise after minor trauma and without a concomitant nasal fracture. They are diagnosed with a thorough clinical examination and can, if not diagnosed and treated in the acute phase, result in nasal/septal deformation, saddle nose or abscess formation with subsequent intracranial spreading of the infection. Even with proper treatment in the acute phase, the cartilage often heals with deviation. This can result in functional and cosmetic problems which may require later reconstructive surgery, as argued in this review.
Topics: Humans; Rhinoplasty; Nose Deformities, Acquired; Nasal Septum; Cartilage; Nose Diseases
PubMed: 37873992
DOI: No ID Found -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2021
Topics: Humans; Nose Diseases; Sarcoidosis
PubMed: 34909102
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.40.134.32076 -
Facial Plastic Surgery : FPS Apr 2016Congenital anomalies of the nose range from complete aplasia of the nose to duplications and nasal masses. Nasal development is the result of a complex embryologic... (Review)
Review
Congenital anomalies of the nose range from complete aplasia of the nose to duplications and nasal masses. Nasal development is the result of a complex embryologic patterning and fusion of multiple primordial structures. Loss of signaling proteins or failure of migration or proliferation can result in structural anomalies with significant cosmetic and functional consequences. Congenital anomalies of the nose can be categorized into four broad categories: (1) aplastic or hypoplastic, (2) hyperplastic or duplications, (3) clefts, and (4) nasal masses. Our knowledge of the embryologic origin of these anomalies helps dictate subsequent work-up for associated conditions, and the appropriate treatment or surgical approach to manage newborns and children with these anomalies.
Topics: Humans; Nose; Nose Diseases; Rhinoplasty
PubMed: 27097134
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1582231 -
International Journal of... Oct 2011The nose plays a primary role within the airways, working as a filter and air-conditioner, together with other important functions. Thus, it is not surprising that nasal... (Review)
Review
The nose plays a primary role within the airways, working as a filter and air-conditioner, together with other important functions. Thus, it is not surprising that nasal diseases are associated with several other comorbidities, including both upper and lower airways, such as bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and asthma. Several studies have investigated the relationship existing between the upper and the lower airways and new insights are rising. Nevertheless, some uncertainties still remain, mainly because nasal disorders are quite heterogeneous, overlapping (i.e. rhinitis-rhinosinusitis-sinusitis, acute or chronic, allergic or non-allergic) and difficult to diagnose, so that, frequently, many studies dont differentiate between the various conditions. For this reason, the purpose of this review is to systematically analyze present epidemiological, pathophysiological and clinical data on the relationship between nasal diseases and asthma, splitting up three main conditions: allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis.
Topics: Asthma; Child; Humans; Nasal Polyps; Nose Diseases; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
PubMed: 22032779
DOI: 10.1177/03946320110240S402 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Jun 2018The concept of chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyps is founded on the structural and functional unicity of the pituitary mucosa and its united response to... (Review)
Review
The concept of chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyps is founded on the structural and functional unicity of the pituitary mucosa and its united response to environmental aggression by allergens, viruses, bacteria, pollution, etc. The present review sets this concept against the evo-devo three-nose theory, in which nasal polyposis is distinguished as specific to the olfactory nose and in particular to the non-olfactory mucosa of the ethmoid, which is considered to be not a sinus but rather the skull-base bone harboring the olfactory mucosa. The evo-devo approach enables simple and precise positive diagnosis of nasal polyposis and its various clinical forms, improves differential diagnosis by distinguishing chronic diseases of the respiratory nose and those of the paranasal sinuses, hypothesizes an autoimmune origin specifically aimed at olfactory system auto-antigens, and supports the surgical concept of nasalization against that of functional sinus and ostiomeatal-complex surgery. The ventilation function of the sinuses seems minor compared to their production, storage and active release of nitric oxide (NO) serving to oxygenate arterial blood in the pulmonary alveoli. This respiratory function of the paranasal sinuses may indeed be their most important. NO trapped in the ethmoidal spaces also accounts for certain radiographic aspects associated with nasal polyposis.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Humans; Nasal Polyps; Rhinitis; Sinusitis
PubMed: 29661611
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2018.03.004 -
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &... Feb 2016The development of culture-independent bacterial DNA sequencing techniques and integration into research practice has led to a burgeoning interest in the microbiome and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The development of culture-independent bacterial DNA sequencing techniques and integration into research practice has led to a burgeoning interest in the microbiome and its relevance to human health and disease. Introduction into the study of chronic rhinosinusitis in the past few years has shaped current thinking on the role of bacteria in the disease process.
RECENT FINDINGS
Rich and diverse populations of bacteria inhabit the sinonasal cavity at all times. Decreased bacterial richness and diversity may be associated with disease state and outcomes.
SUMMARY
Although there is much to be explored, the sinus microbiome appears to have potentially promising roles in many aspects of sinus health and disease.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; Biodiversity; Biofilms; Humans; Microbiological Techniques; Microbiota; Nose; Nose Diseases
PubMed: 26575518
DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000221 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 2021Coronavirus disease-associated mucormycosis (CAM) is an established clinical entity in India. In the past 4 months, there has been a sharp upsurge in the number of CAM... (Review)
Review
Coronavirus disease-associated mucormycosis (CAM) is an established clinical entity in India. In the past 4 months, there has been a sharp upsurge in the number of CAM cases in most parts of the country. Early diagnosis can be lifesaving. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging remains the corner stone of management in patients with ROCM. This review discussed the utility of MRI imaging in ROCM with an emphasis on the ideal MRI protocol in a suspected case of ROCM, the pathways of spread of infection, the classic diagnostic features, MRI for staging of the disease, MRI for prognostication, MRI for follow up, and imaging features of common differentials in ROCM. The pit falls of MRI imaging and a comparison of CT and MRI imaging in ROCM are discussed. The clinical interpretation of areas of contrast uptake and those of necrosis and its relevance to treatment are discussed. This review aims to familiarize every member of the multidisciplinary team involved in managing these patients to be able to interpret the findings on MRI in ROCM.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Humans; India; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mucormycosis; Nose Diseases; Orbital Diseases
PubMed: 34146057
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1439_21