-
CA: a Cancer Journal For Clinicians Jan 2023Sinonasal malignancies make up <5% of all head and neck neoplasms, with an incidence of 0.5-1.0 per 100,000. The outcome of these rare malignancies has been poor,... (Review)
Review
Sinonasal malignancies make up <5% of all head and neck neoplasms, with an incidence of 0.5-1.0 per 100,000. The outcome of these rare malignancies has been poor, whereas significant progress has been made in the management of other cancers. The objective of the current review was to describe the incidence, causes, presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and recent developments of malignancies of the sinonasal tract. The diagnoses covered in this review included sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, sinonasal adenocarcinoma, sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma, and esthesioneuroblastoma, which are exclusive to the sinonasal tract. In addition, the authors covered malignances that are likely to be encountered in the sinonasal tract-primary mucosal melanoma, NUT (nuclear protein of the testis) carcinoma, and extranodal natural killer cell/T-cell lymphoma. For the purpose of keeping this review as concise and focused as possible, sarcomas and malignancies that can be classified as salivary gland neoplasms were excluded.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma; Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms; Melanoma; Nasal Cavity; Nose Neoplasms; Paranasal Sinuses
PubMed: 35916666
DOI: 10.3322/caac.21752 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Nov 2016Inverted papilloma is a rare sinonasal tumor that mainly occurs in adults during the 5th decade. Three characteristics make this tumor very different from other... (Review)
Review
Inverted papilloma is a rare sinonasal tumor that mainly occurs in adults during the 5th decade. Three characteristics make this tumor very different from other sinonasal tumors: a relatively strong potential for local destruction, high rate of recurrence, and a risk of carcinomatous evolution. Etiology remains little understood, but an association with human papilloma virus has been reported in up to 40% of cases, raising the suspicions of implication in the pathogenesis of inverted papilloma. Treatment of choice is surgery, by endonasal endoscopic or external approach, depending on extension and tumoral characteristics. Follow-up is critical, to diagnose local relapse, which is often early but may also be late. The seriousness of this pathology lies in its association with carcinoma, which may be diagnosed at the outset or at recurrence during follow-up. It is important to diagnose recurrence to enable early treatment, especially in case of associated carcinoma or malignancy. A comprehensive review of the international literature was performed on PubMed and Embase, using the following search-terms: "sinonasal" [All Fields] AND ("papilloma, inverted" [MeSH Terms] OR ("papilloma" [All Fields] AND "inverted" [All Fields]) OR "inverted papilloma" [All Fields] OR ("inverted" [All Fields] AND "papilloma" [All Fields])). We reviewed all articles referring to sinonasal inverted papilloma published up to January 2015. The present article updates the state of knowledge regarding sinonasal inverted papilloma.
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Endoscopy; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Nose Neoplasms; Papilloma, Inverted; Papillomaviridae; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Rare Diseases
PubMed: 27053431
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2016.03.006 -
Singapore Medical Journal Jul 2014Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the nose and paranasal sinuses is very rare. We report an unusual case of metastatic RCC that presented as recurrent epistaxis...
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the nose and paranasal sinuses is very rare. We report an unusual case of metastatic RCC that presented as recurrent epistaxis ten years after curative nephrectomy. The purpose of this report is to draw the attention of clinicians to the possibility of metastatic RCC in patients with recurrent epistaxis and nasal mass. We also discuss treatment options and review the relevant literature.
Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Chemoradiotherapy; Diagnosis, Differential; Epistaxis; Humans; Indoles; Kidney Diseases; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Nose; Nose Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Pyrroles; Recurrence; Sunitinib; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 24379116
DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2013185 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jun 2012Teratocarcinosarcoma is a rare, morphologically heterogeneous and highly malignant neoplasm. It is characterized by the presence of benign and malignant epithelial,... (Review)
Review
Teratocarcinosarcoma is a rare, morphologically heterogeneous and highly malignant neoplasm. It is characterized by the presence of benign and malignant epithelial, mesenchymal and neural components. The carcinoma may be either squamous or adenocarcinoma and the mesenchymal component may manifest spindle, smooth, skeletal muscle, cartilage and bone features. Because of their infrequency, these lesions are often misdiagnosed, leading to management difficulties. In this case report we have shared our experience with sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma in a 23 year old female and performed a brief review of literature.
Topics: Carcinosarcoma; Combined Modality Therapy; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Nose Neoplasms; Teratoma; Young Adult
PubMed: 22755362
DOI: No ID Found -
Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2017Rare naso-sinonasal lesions represent a diagnostic challenge for clinicians because of the paucity of the cases and similarities with other more frequently sinonasal...
UNLABELLED
Rare naso-sinonasal lesions represent a diagnostic challenge for clinicians because of the paucity of the cases and similarities with other more frequently sinonasal pathologies. The aim of the study was to present five rare sinonasal lesions in order to emphasize their symptomatology, imaging aspects, histopathological features, algorithms of diagnosis, and strategies of treatment and importance of teamwork between clinicians, pathologists and radiologists for a correct and prompt diagnosis.
CASE PRESENTATIONS
The cases were represented by patients with nasal sarcoidosis, nasal primitive neuroectodermal tumors, sinonasal mucosal melanoma, sinonasal plasmacytomas and nasal-type extranodal natural killer (NK) T-cell lymphoma. All the patients were biopsied in the Department of ENT (Ear, Nose and Throat), "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, and the diagnosis was made using routine and immunohistochemical (IHC) stainings. The patients with sinonasal melanoma and the patient with extranodal NK T-cell lymphoma died in few months after diagnosis, despite treatment. Rare sinonasal lesions share similar symptomatology and imaging aspects with other, more frequently diagnosed entities. The cases reported in this paper showed the same pattern as those presented in other studies; the symptomatology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were the same. Clinical examination, imaging studies and routine and IHC markers guides us to the right diagnosis that should be prompt because of the prognosis of some tumors. The treatment has a few characteristics: surgery excision within safe margins, working with other specialties (oncology, radiotherapy, hematology, nephrology, pneumology), follow-up and correctly informing the patient being mandatory.
CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, there were presented five interesting cases of rare sinonasal lesions, in order to highlight the importance of teamwork for a quick and correct diagnosis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Nose Neoplasms; Rare Diseases
PubMed: 29556655
DOI: No ID Found -
Cancer Imaging : the Official... May 2012More than 70 benign and malignant sinonasal tumours and tumour-like conditions have been described. However, sinonasal tumours are rare, and sinonasal cancers comprise... (Review)
Review
More than 70 benign and malignant sinonasal tumours and tumour-like conditions have been described. However, sinonasal tumours are rare, and sinonasal cancers comprise only 3% of all head and neck cancers and 1% of all malignancies, with a peak incidence in the 5th to 7th decades and with a male preponderance. The early symptoms and imaging findings of sinonasal tumours are similar to rhinosinusitis with runny and stuffy nose, lacrimation and epistaxis and therefore neglected both by the patients and doctors. When late symptoms such as anosmia, visual disturbances, cranial neuropathy (Cn II, IV, V, VI) or facial swelling appear, the patient is referred to sinonasal endoscopy or imaging. At the time of correct diagnosis more than half of the tumours have reached an advanced stage with a poor prognostic outcome. Even if imaging is performed in the early stages, a radiologist inexperienced with sinonasal anatomy and tumour features may easily interpret early signs of a malignant tumour as rhinosinusitis or a lesion that does not require follow-up. This article presents the imaging findings in some of the most common benign and malignant sinonasal tumours, and the TNM classification and staging of sinonasal carcinomas.
Topics: Angiofibroma; Carcinoma; Delayed Diagnosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Endoscopy; Humans; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Melanoma; Multimodal Imaging; Neoplasm Staging; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Nose Neoplasms; Osteoma; Papilloma, Inverted; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Rhinitis; Sarcoma; Sinusitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 22571851
DOI: 10.1102/1470-7330.2012.0015 -
Head and Neck Pathology Sep 2009Few neoplasms are unique to the sinonasal tract, but sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma and olfactory neuroblastoma are malignant tumors which require unique... (Review)
Review
Few neoplasms are unique to the sinonasal tract, but sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma and olfactory neuroblastoma are malignant tumors which require unique management. Due to the rarity of these tumors, practicing pathologists are not always aware of their distinctive clinical, radiographic, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features. These cases are frequently submitted for consultation, further suggesting the diagnostic difficulties inherent to these tumors. Specifically, olfactory neuroblastoma is a neoplasm that can histologically mimic many tumors within the sinonasal tract, making recognition of this tumor important, as the management frequently requires a bicranial-facial surgical approach, a trephination procedure which can be quite technically difficult and challenging to achieve a good result. The management is therefore quite unique in comparison to other sinonasal tract malignancies, setting it apart diagnostically and managerially from other lesions.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory; Humans; Nasal Cavity; Nose Neoplasms
PubMed: 20596981
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-009-0125-2 -
Journal of the College of Physicians... May 2012A 20 years old Afghan male was suffering from left sided nasal obstruction with headache for one year. On examination, patient had reddish, fleshy mass in left nasal... (Review)
Review
A 20 years old Afghan male was suffering from left sided nasal obstruction with headache for one year. On examination, patient had reddish, fleshy mass in left nasal cavity. Carotid angiography was inconclusive so incision biopsy was taken from nasal mass and it was reported as teratocarcinosarcoma. CT scan of PNS was done which showed heterogeneous mass in nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses with intracranial extension. The patient was operated. The approach was a combination of lateral rhinotomy with trans-basal sub-frontal craniotomy. He was treated by Co 60 and received a tumour dose of 56 Gy radiation. He is being followed regularly every 2 months after his final radiotherapy session and he is disease-free so far.
Topics: Biopsy, Needle; Carcinosarcoma; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Craniotomy; Follow-Up Studies; Headache; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Nasal Obstruction; Nasal Surgical Procedures; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Nose Neoplasms; Pakistan; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Teratoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 22538045
DOI: No ID Found -
Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtisas Dergisi : KBB... 2014Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm presenting with the characteristics of a malignant teratoma and carcinosarcoma. The most common...
Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm presenting with the characteristics of a malignant teratoma and carcinosarcoma. The most common sites of origin of teratocarcinosarcomas are the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The clinical presentation is usually with nasal obstruction and episodes of epistaxis. Teratocarcinosarcomas are aggressive and rapidly growing tumors with a poor prognosis. The incidence of sinonasal teratocarcinomas is higher in men than women. Treatment is primarily surgery, followed by radiotherapy. In this article, we report a 46-year-old male case of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma who was admitted with complaints of pain and swelling around the right eye and treated surgically followed by radiotherapy.
Topics: Carcinosarcoma; Combined Modality Therapy; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Obstruction; Nose Neoplasms; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Teratoma
PubMed: 25046074
DOI: 10.5606/kbbihtisas.2014.50490 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2023Sinonasal neoplasms are uncommon diseases, characterized by heterogeneous biological behavior, which frequently results in challenges in differential diagnosis and... (Review)
Review
Sinonasal neoplasms are uncommon diseases, characterized by heterogeneous biological behavior, which frequently results in challenges in differential diagnosis and treatment choice. The aim of this review was to examine the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumor initiation and growth, in order to better define diagnostic and therapeutic strategies as well as the prognostic impact of these rare neoplasms. A systematic review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis criteria was conducted between September and November 2022. The authors considered the three main histological patterns of sinonasal tumors, namely Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma, and Olfactory Neuroblastoma. In total, 246 articles were eventually included in the analysis. The genetic and epigenetic changes underlying the oncogenic process were discussed, through a qualitative synthesis of the included studies. The identification of a comprehensive model of carcinogenesis for each sinonasal cancer subtype is needed, in order to pave the way toward tailored treatment approaches and improve survival for this rare and challenging group of cancers.
Topics: Humans; Adenocarcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Nose Neoplasms; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Paranasal Sinuses
PubMed: 36768990
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032670