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APL Bioengineering Dec 2022Cancer immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of numerous cancers, with exciting results often superior to conventional treatments, such as surgery and... (Review)
Review
Cancer immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of numerous cancers, with exciting results often superior to conventional treatments, such as surgery and chemotherapy. Despite this success, limitations such as limited treatment persistence and toxic side effects remain to be addressed to further improve treatment efficacy. Biomaterials offer numerous advantages in the concentration, localization and controlled release of drugs, cancer antigens, and immune cells in order to improve the efficacy of these immunotherapies. This review summarizes and highlights the most recent advances in the use of biomaterials for immunotherapies including drug delivery and cancer vaccines, with a particular focus on biomaterials for immune cell delivery.
PubMed: 36561511
DOI: 10.1063/5.0125692 -
Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) May 2015Asbestos is a global killer. Despite lessons learned in the developed world on the use of asbestos and its hazardous pulmonary consequences, its use continues to... (Review)
Review
Asbestos is a global killer. Despite lessons learned in the developed world on the use of asbestos and its hazardous pulmonary consequences, its use continues to increase in Asia. Although some countries such as Japan, Korea and Singapore have curtailed the use of this mineral, there are numerous countries in Asia that continue to mine, import and use this fibre, particularly China, which is one of the largest consumers in the world. Numerous factors ranging from political and economic to the lack of understanding of asbestos and the management of asbestos-related lung disease are keys to this observed trend. Awareness of these factors combined with early intervention may prevent the predicted Asian 'tsunami' of asbestos diseases.
Topics: Asbestos; Asbestosis; Asia; China; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Indonesia; Industry; Japan; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Mesothelioma; Republic of Korea; Singapore
PubMed: 25819225
DOI: 10.1111/resp.12517 -
Neurotoxicity Research Feb 2020Salsolinol (6,7-dihydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline), widely available in many edibles, is considered to alter the function of dopaminergic neurons in the...
Salsolinol (6,7-dihydroxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline), widely available in many edibles, is considered to alter the function of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system and thus, multiple hypotheses on its either physiological and/or pathophysiological role have emerged. The aim of our work was to revisit its potentially neurotoxic and/or neuroprotective role through a series of both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Salsolinol in the concentration range 10-250 μM did not show any significant release of lactate dehydrogenase from necrotic SH-SY5Y cells and was able in the concentration of 50 and 100 μM to rescue SH-SY5Y cells from death induced by HO. Its neuroprotective effect against neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine was also determined. Salsolinol was found to decrease significantly the reactive oxygen species level in SH-SY5Y cells treated by 500 μM HO and the caspase activity induced by 300 μM of HO or 100 μM of 6-hydroxydopamine. Serum levels of TNFα and CRP of salsolinol-treated rats were not significantly different from control animals. Both TNFα and CRP served as indirect markers of neurotoxicity and/or neuroprotection. Although the neurotoxic properties of salsolinol have numerously been emphasized, its neuroprotective properties should not be neglected and need greater consideration.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Death; Cell Line, Tumor; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Isoquinolines; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidopamine; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 31732870
DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00118-7 -
Integrative Medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) Apr 2021In 1985, S. Boyd Eaton and Melvin Konner published a landmark paper in the . The title was "Paleolithic Nutrition: A Consideration of Its Nature and Current...
In 1985, S. Boyd Eaton and Melvin Konner published a landmark paper in the . The title was "Paleolithic Nutrition: A Consideration of Its Nature and Current Implications," and this work postulated that an increase in the prevalence of chronic disease among modern humans is the result of a dietary composition that is incompatible with both our genetic ancestry and natural metabolic function. Over the intervening decades, numerous theories about optimal dietary approaches have been put forth and much debate has ensued. Among researchers and the public, we have witnessed vocal advocates emerge in support of the paleolithic philosophy of encouraging mild ketosis, while others passionately argue for plant-based vegetarianism. There is now evidence that neither extreme provides superior health benefits in isolation. According to numerous clinical studies, a hybrid approach may convey a positive and multifactorial influence on the intestinal microbiome, the metabolome, proteomics, and overall health outcomes. A Mediterranean-style diet has been widely studied, and a new concept-Pegan, which is a contraction of the words and -is now gaining worldwide attention.
PubMed: 34373678
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Physiology 2022Numerous studies demonstrated the strong link between dyslipidemia and the cardiovascular risk. Physical activity and exercise represent effective prevention and therapy... (Review)
Review
Numerous studies demonstrated the strong link between dyslipidemia and the cardiovascular risk. Physical activity and exercise represent effective prevention and therapy strategies for dyslipidemia and at the same time counteract numerous comorbidities that often accompany the disease. The physiological mechanisms are manifold, and primary mechanisms might be an increased energy consumption and associated adaptations of the substrate metabolism. Recent studies showed that there are bidirectional interactions between dyslipidemia and the immune system. Thus, abnormal blood lipids may favor pro-inflammatory processes, and at the same time inflammatory processes may also promote dyslipidemia. Physical activity has been shown to affect numerous immunological processes and has primarily anti-inflammatory effects. These are manifested by altered leukocyte subtypes, cytokine patterns, stress protein expression, and by reducing hallmarks of immunosenescence. The aim of this review is to describe the effects of exercise on the treatment dyslipidemia and to discuss possible immunological mechanisms against the background of the current literature.
PubMed: 36003652
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.903713 -
Genes & Diseases May 2021Aquaporins (AQPs) are highly conserved small transmembrane proteins, which are responsible for the water transport across the cell membrane. AQPs are abundantly... (Review)
Review
Aquaporins (AQPs) are highly conserved small transmembrane proteins, which are responsible for the water transport across the cell membrane. AQPs are abundantly expressed in numerous types of cells such as epithelial and endothelial cells. The expression of AQP-1, -3, -4, -5, -8 and -9 were found in the digestive system, where these six AQP isoforms serve essential roles including mediating the transmembrane water transport and regulating the secretion of gastrointestinal (GI) fluids, consequently facilitating the digestion and absorption of GI contents. In addition, the expression levels of AQPs are controlled by various factors, and AQPs can stimulate numerous signaling pathways; however, aberrant expression of AQPs in the GI tracts are associated with the initiation and development of numerous diseases. Thus, this review provides an overview of the expression and functions of AQPs in the digestive system.
PubMed: 33997172
DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.12.011 -
Biomedicines Nov 2021The endothelium, which constitutes the inner layer of blood vessels and lymphatic structures, plays an important role in various physiological functions. Alterations in... (Review)
Review
The endothelium, which constitutes the inner layer of blood vessels and lymphatic structures, plays an important role in various physiological functions. Alterations in structure, integrity and function of the endothelial layer during pregnancy have been associated with numerous gestational complications, including clinically significant disorders, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and diabetes. While numerous experimental studies have focused on establishing the role of endothelial dysfunction in pathophysiology of these gestational complications, their mechanisms remain unknown. Numerous biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction have been proposed, together with the mechanisms by which they relate to individual gestational complications. However, more studies are required to determine clinically relevant markers specific to a gestational complication of interest, as currently most of them present a significant overlap. Although the independent diagnostic value of such markers remains to be insufficient for implementation in standard clinical practice at the moment, inclusion of certain markers in predictive multifactorial models can improve their prognostic value. The future of the research in this field lies in the fine tuning of the clinical markers to be used, as well as identifying possible therapeutic techniques to prevent or reverse endothelial damage.
PubMed: 34944571
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121756 -
Cell Death Discovery Jul 2023Being a broad-spectrum anticancer drug, doxorubicin is indispensable for clinical treatment. Unexpectedly, its cardiotoxic side effects have proven to be a formidable... (Review)
Review
Being a broad-spectrum anticancer drug, doxorubicin is indispensable for clinical treatment. Unexpectedly, its cardiotoxic side effects have proven to be a formidable obstacle. Numerous studies are currently devoted to elucidating the pathological mechanisms underlying doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Nrf2 has always played a crucial role in oxidative stress, but numerous studies have demonstrated that it also plays a vital part in pathological mechanisms like cell death and inflammation. Numerous studies on the pathological mechanisms associated with doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity demonstrate this. Several clinical drugs, natural and synthetic compounds, as well as small molecule RNAs have been demonstrated to prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by activating Nrf2. Consequently, this study emphasizes the introduction of Nrf2, discusses the role of Nrf2 in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, and concludes with a summary of the therapeutic modalities targeting Nrf2 to ameliorate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, highlighting the potential value of Nrf2 in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
PubMed: 37495572
DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01565-0 -
Advances in Wound Care Jan 2015Rare bacterial taxa (taxa of low relative frequency) are numerous and ubiquitous in virtually any sample-including wound samples. In addition, even the high-frequency... (Review)
Review
Rare bacterial taxa (taxa of low relative frequency) are numerous and ubiquitous in virtually any sample-including wound samples. In addition, even the high-frequency genera and species contain multiple strains. These strains, individually, are each only a small fraction of the total bacterial population. Against the view that wounds contain relatively few kinds of bacteria, this newly recognized diversity implies a relatively high rate of migration into the wound and the potential for diversification during infection. Understanding the biological and medical importance of these numerous taxa is an important new element of wound microbiology. Only recently have these numerous strains been discovered; the technology to detect, identify, and characterize them is still in its infancy. Multiple strains of both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria have been found in a single wound. In the few cases studied, the distribution of the bacteria suggests microhabitats and biological interactions. The distribution of the strains, their phenotypic diversity, and their interactions are still largely uncharacterized. The technologies to investigate this level of genomic detail are still developing and have not been largely deployed to investigate wounds. As advanced metagenomics, single-cell genomics, and advanced microscopy develop, the study of wound microbiology will better address the complex interplay of numerous individually rare strains with both the host and each other.
PubMed: 25566411
DOI: 10.1089/wound.2014.0560