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Nutrients Jan 2021Women have a number of specificities that differentiate them from men. In particular, the role of sex steroid hormones and the menstrual cycle (MC) significantly impact... (Review)
Review
Women have a number of specificities that differentiate them from men. In particular, the role of sex steroid hormones and the menstrual cycle (MC) significantly impact women's physiology. The literature has shown nonlinear relationships between MC, exercise, and nutritional intake. Notably, these relationships are bidirectional and less straightforward than one would suppose. For example, the theoretical implications of the MC's phases on exercise performance do not always translate into relevant practical effects. There is often a disconnect between internal measures (e.g., levels of hormone concentrations) and external performance. Furthermore, it is not entirely clear how nutritional intake varies across the MC's phases and whether these variations impact on exercise performance. Therefore, a thorough review of the existing knowledge could help in framing these complex relationships and potentially contribute to the optimization of exercise prescription and nutritional intake according to the naturally occurring phases of the MC. Throughout this review, an emerging trend is the lack of generalizability and the need to individualize interventions, since the consequences of the MC's phases and their relationships with exercise and nutritional intake seem to vary greatly from person to person. In this sense, average data are probably not relevant and could potentially be misleading.
Topics: Eating; Exercise; Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Nutrients
PubMed: 33572821
DOI: 10.3390/nu13020438 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria May 2018depression is frequently accompanied by overeating and a preference for certain foods that may consequently lead to weight gain.
INTRODUCTION
depression is frequently accompanied by overeating and a preference for certain foods that may consequently lead to weight gain.
OBJECTIVES
a) to determine the prevalence of depression and the consumption of unhealthy food in first-year college students; and b) to analyze the association between depression score and food consumption frequency.
METHODS
a cross-sectional study was carried out in 1,104 freshman students, 40.3% men and 59.7% women, at a public university in Mexico City. The 20-item depression scale (CES-D) and Food Frequency Questionnaire were applied to measure depressive symptoms and food consumption. Logistic regression analysis was carried out for food consumption frequency and CES-D depression score grouped in quartiles.
RESULTS
the prevalence of depression symptoms was 18.2% in men and 27.5% in women (p < 0.001). A considerable proportion of the students reported poor eating habits: consumption of fried food (30.3%), sweetened drinks (49.0%) and sugary food (51.8%) 2-7 times/week; and less than half the students practiced vigorous physical activity (39.7%). In women, a higher depression score was associated with a higher frequency of consumption of fast food (OR = 2.08, p = 0.018), fried food (OR = 1.92, p = 0.01) and sugary food (OR = 2.16, p = 0.001), and a lower frequency of physical exercise (< 75 min/week; OR = 1.80, p = 0.017). In men, no association was observed between depression score and food consumption variables. An association was observed between depression and low exercise frequency (OR = 2.22, p = 0.006).
CONCLUSIONS
women vulnerable to depression may use food to cope with negative mood states. Therefore, institutional health promotion and nutritional education programs should include adequate emotion and stress management.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Eating; Exercise; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Mexico; Students; Universities; Young Adult
PubMed: 29974771
DOI: 10.20960/nh.1500 -
Journal of the American College of... Jul 2020Shift work is associated with risk for adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and obesity. Short sleep duration combined... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Shift work is associated with risk for adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and obesity. Short sleep duration combined with disruptions to the circadian system may alter factors involved with the behavioral regulation of energy intake and expenditure. We aimed to determine how shift work affects sleep, food intake, and physical activity. This was a field-based observational study using objective assessments of sleep and physical activity and a 24-hour dietary recall in shift workers. Day (n = 12) and night (n = 12) hospital shift workers (nurses and technicians) who were women had their free-living sleep and physical activity tracked via accelerometry, and completed a computer-assisted 24-hour food recall, during a series of work shifts. Compared to day workers, night workers had significantly shorter sleep duration and reported more premature awakenings and feeling less refreshed upon awakening. Daily self-reported energy and macronutrient intakes were not different between groups, although the night shift workers reported a significantly longer total daily eating duration window than day workers. Objectively recorded physical activity levels were not different between groups. The present findings confirm that sleep is disturbed in women night workers, while there are relatively less effects on objectively recorded physical activity and self-reported food intake. We also observed a prolonged daily eating duration in night vs. day workers. These observations can help inform the design of novel behavioral interventions, including, potentially, time restricted feeding approaches (e.g., by limiting daily eating episodes to within a 10-12 h window), to optimize weight management in shift workers.
Topics: Accelerometry; Adult; Diet Surveys; Eating; Exercise; Female; Humans; Shift Work Schedule; Sleep; Time Factors; Work Schedule Tolerance; Young Adult
PubMed: 31743081
DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1691954 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022This study aimed to examine changes in obesity rates and obesity-related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to a previous period.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to examine changes in obesity rates and obesity-related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to a previous period.
METHODS
An ecological time-series study was designed using the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) database from 2014 to 2020. The expected values of obesity rate, physical activity rate, and nutrient intake for 2020 were estimated. The differences between the predicted and actual values for 2020 were also examined. In addition, a multiple logistic regression model was used to examine the changes in obesity and physical activity rates in 2020 compared to 2019.
RESULTS
The actual obesity rates in 2020 were higher, and the walking and aerobic physical activity rates were lower than the predicted values for the same year. However, the actual resistance training rates in 2020 were higher and the total energy intake was lower than the predicted values for 2020. In the multiple logistic regression model, the odds ratios for obesity, aerobic physical activity, and walking among men in 2020 were 1.29 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.55), 0.86 (0.74 to 1.01), and 0.84 (0.73 to 0.97), respectively, compared to those in 2019. However, there were no significant differences between the values for women in 2020 and 2019.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that the male obesity rate in Korea has significantly increased during the COVID-19 epidemic, mainly due to a decrease in physical activity.
Topics: COVID-19; Eating; Energy Intake; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity; Pandemics
PubMed: 36176463
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.965842 -
Nutrients Dec 2022Inadequate nutrient availability has been demonstrated to be one of the main factors related to endocrine and metabolic dysfunction. We investigated the role of...
Inadequate nutrient availability has been demonstrated to be one of the main factors related to endocrine and metabolic dysfunction. We investigated the role of inadequate nutrient intakes in the myokine levels of runners. Sixty-one amateur runners participated in this study. The myokine levels were determined using the Human Magnetic Bead Panel from plasma samples collected before and after the marathon. Dietary intake was determined using a prospective method of three food records. The runners with lower carbohydrate and calcium intakes had higher percentages of fat mass (p < 0.01). The runners with a sucrose intake comprising above 10% of their energy intake and an adequate sodium intake had higher levels of BDNF (p = 0.027 and p = 0.031). After the race and in the recovery period, the runners with adequate carbohydrate intakes (g/kg) (>5 g/kg/day) had higher levels of myostatin and musclin (p < 0.05). The runners with less than 45% of carbohydrate of EI had lower levels of IL-15 (p = 0.015) and BNDF (p = 0.013). The runners with higher cholesterol intakes had lower levels of irisin (p = 0.011) and apelin (p = 0.020), and those with a low fiber intake had lower levels of irisin (p = 0.005) and BDNF (p = 0.049). The inadequate intake influenced myokine levels, which promoted cardiometabolic tissue repair and adaptations to exercise.
Topics: Humans; Fibronectins; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Running; Energy Intake; Eating; Carbohydrates
PubMed: 36615810
DOI: 10.3390/nu15010153 -
Nutrients Nov 2023This study aimed to investigate the association of sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) with blood parameters, nutrient intake, and physical activity in older Korean...
This study aimed to investigate the association of sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) with blood parameters, nutrient intake, and physical activity in older Korean adults. We divided 2952 participants into four groups: sarcopenic diabetes (SD), sarcopenia alone (S), diabetes alone (D), and non-sarcopenia and non-diabetes (NSND). Sarcopenia was defined by the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, and T2D by fasting glucose levels or ongoing treatment. Blood samples were collected after an 8-h fast. Nutrient intake was assessed using a 24-h recall; physical activity was evaluated using a questionnaire. Compared with those in the other groups, the men in the S and SD groups showed significantly lower hemoglobin and hematocrit levels; vitamin D levels in men and parathyroid hormone levels in women were significantly lower in the SD group. Total energy, protein, and carbohydrate intakes were significantly lower in the SD and S groups than those in the D and NSND groups. Physical inactivity was significantly more common in the SD group (men: odds ratio, 1.61; women: odds ratio, 2.37) than in the NSND group. A combination of sarcopenia and diabetes as well as sarcopenia alone was associated with low levels of blood parameters, poor nutrient intake, and low physical activity.
Topics: Male; Adult; Humans; Female; Aged; Sarcopenia; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Intake; Eating; Exercise
PubMed: 38068813
DOI: 10.3390/nu15234955 -
European Review For Medical and... Jun 2023Osteoporosis is a chronic metabolic syndrome associated with debilitating consequences that represents one of the major non-communicable diseases and the most common... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
Osteoporosis is a chronic metabolic syndrome associated with debilitating consequences that represents one of the major non-communicable diseases and the most common bone illness that affects both men and women. This observational study evaluates the amount of physical activity and the nutritional intake in a group of postmenopausal women who have a sedentary job.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
All subjects underwent a medical evaluation, a body impedance analysis to evaluate body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass, and body cell mass), and a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to analyze bone mineral density. Additionally, a 3-day food record questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were administered respectively to evaluate patients' foods and beverages assumptions and the participants' Physical Activity levels.
RESULTS
The study showed that most of the patients had a moderate activity level and inadequate calcium and vitamin D assumption compared to guidelines.
CONCLUSIONS
The onset of osteoporosis seemed to be reduced at higher levels of leisure time, domestic, and transport activities, even in subjects who have a sedentary job and insufficient assumption of micronutrients.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Postmenopause; Osteoporosis; Bone Density; Exercise; Absorptiometry, Photon; Eating; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
PubMed: 37401319
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202306_32821 -
Dietary Intake and Physical Activity of Thai Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Nutrients Dec 2022Appropriate dietary intake and physical activity (PA) are essential for glycemic control and optimal growth in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Thus, this study aimed...
Appropriate dietary intake and physical activity (PA) are essential for glycemic control and optimal growth in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Thus, this study aimed to compare dietary intake and PA between youth with T1D and healthy controls. One hundred Thai youth with T1D and 100 age-matched healthy participants were recruited. A 3-day food record was completed and converted into nutrient intake data. PA data were collected via interview. Participants with T1D had a significantly higher mean ± SD carbohydrate (50.8 ± 6.8% vs. 46.2 ± 7.5%, p < 0.01), lower fat (32.4 ± 5.9% vs. 35.9 ± 6.4%, p < 0.01), and lower protein (16.8 ± 2.6% vs. 17.9 ± 3.5%, p = 0.01) intake compared to controls. Fifty percent of T1D participants and 41% of control participants consumed saturated fat more than recommendations (p = 0.20). Participants with T1D had a higher median (IQR) calcium intake compared to controls (474 (297−700) vs. 328 (167−447) mg/day, p < 0.01). Both groups consumed less fiber and more sodium compared to recommendations. Both groups had inadequate PA. Participants with T1D had significantly less PA compared to controls (25 (13−48) vs. 34 (14−77) minutes/day, p = 0.04). In addition to the need for counseling that promotes consumption of more dietary fiber and calcium and less saturated fat and sodium, the benefits of performing regular exercise need to be emphasized among youth with T1D.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Calcium; Southeast Asian People; Energy Intake; Exercise; Eating; Fatty Acids; Sodium; Dietary Fats; Diet
PubMed: 36501199
DOI: 10.3390/nu14235169 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... May 2022The evidence for the benefits of physical activity in post-bariatric patients is growing. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether nutritional regimens should be adapted... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The evidence for the benefits of physical activity in post-bariatric patients is growing. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether nutritional regimens should be adapted to physical activity levels. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize current evidence regarding nutrient and fluid requirements in physically active post-bariatric patients.
METHODS
We conducted this systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies assessing nutritional aspects in physically active post-bariatric patients. Data were extracted based on a predefined, standardized form, and assessed for risk of bias.
RESULTS
Of 582 records, 8 studies were included, mostly implementing general fitness programs (30-60 min/d, 3-4 × /wk). There is no evidence for increased energy requirements in physically active post-bariatric patients. None of the studies determined energy, fat, or carbohydrate requirements. Most studies focused on protein, recommending a minimum intake of 60 g/d to preserve or increase muscle mass (upper limit 1.5 g protein/kg ideal body weight/d). Higher protein intake (108 g/d, thereof 48 g whey protein) combined with physical activity increased muscle strength. The effects of physical activity on micronutrient requirements remain unstudied, whereas fluid requirements appear to be increased.
CONCLUSION
The present findings strengthen the importance of adequate protein intake in physically active post-bariatric patients. Nutrient reference values for physically active post-bariatric patients are not definable based on the current evidence. Consequently, clinicians should pay special attention to the monitoring of macro- and micronutrients and fluid balance, especially when post-bariatric patients engage in high levels of physical activity.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Eating; Exercise; Humans; Micronutrients; Nutritional Requirements
PubMed: 35248847
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111577 -
BMC Geriatrics Mar 2023This study was conducted to investigate the effects of combining nutritional and physical activity (PA) factors on four different categories, according to the presence...
The effect of combining nutrient intake and physical activity levels on central obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity: a population-based cross-sectional study in South Korea.
BACKGROUND
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of combining nutritional and physical activity (PA) factors on four different categories, according to the presence or absence of sarcopenia and central obesity.
METHODS
From the 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2971 older adults aged ≥ 65 years were included and divided into four groups based on their sarcopenia and central obesity status: healthy control (39.3%), central obesity (28.9%), sarcopenia (27.4%), and sarcopenic obesity (4.4%). Central obesity was defined as a waist circumference of ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 85 cm in women. Sarcopenia was defined as an appendicular skeletal mass index of < 7.0 kg/m in men and < 5.4 kg/m in women, and sarcopenic obesity was defined as the coexistence of sarcopenia and central obesity.
RESULTS
Participants who consumed more energy and protein than the average requirement had a lower likelihood of having sarcopenia (odds ratio (OR): 0.601, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.444-0.814) than those who did not consume enough nutrients. The likelihood of central obesity and sarcopenic obesity decreased in groups with recommended PA levels, regardless of whether energy intake met or did not meet the average requirement. Whether PA met or did not meet the recommended level, the likelihood of sarcopenia decreased in groups with energy intake that met the average requirement. However, when PA and energy requirements were met, there was a greater reduction in the likelihood of sarcopenia (OR: 0.436, 95% CI: 0.290-0.655).
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that adequate energy intake that meets requirements is more likely to be effective as a major prevention and treatment goal for sarcopenia, whereas PA guidelines should be prioritized in the case of sarcopenic obesity.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Aged; Obesity, Abdominal; Cross-Sectional Studies; Sarcopenia; Nutrition Surveys; Obesity; Eating; Energy Intake; Republic of Korea; Exercise
PubMed: 36869315
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03748-x