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PloS One 2014We used linked existing data from the 2006-2008 American Time Use Survey (ATUS), the Current Population Survey (CPS, a federal survey that provides on-going U.S. vital...
OBJECTIVES
We used linked existing data from the 2006-2008 American Time Use Survey (ATUS), the Current Population Survey (CPS, a federal survey that provides on-going U.S. vital statistics, including employment rates) and self-reported body mass index (BMI) to answer: How does BMI vary across full time occupations dichotomized as sedentary/non-sedentary, accounting for time spent in sleep, other sedentary behaviors, and light, moderate, and vigorous intensity activities?
METHODS
We classified time spent engaged at a primary job (sedentary or non-sedentary), sleep, and other non-work, non-sleep intensity-defined behaviors, specifically, sedentary behavior, light, moderate, and vigorous intensity activities. Age groups were defined by 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, and 50-64 years. BMI groups were defined by 18.5-24.9, 25.0-27.4, 27.5-29.9, 30.0-34.9, and ≥35.0 kg/m2. Logistic and linear regression were used to examine the association between BMI and employment in a sedentary occupation, considering time spent in sleep, other non-work time spent in sedentary behaviors, and light, moderate, and vigorous intensity activities, sex, age race/ethnicity, and household income.
RESULTS
The analysis data set comprised 4,092 non-pregnant, non-underweight individuals 20-64 years of age who also reported working more than 7 hours at their primary jobs on their designated time use reporting day. Logistic and linear regression analyses failed to reveal any associations between BMI and the sedentary/non-sedentary occupation dichotomy considering time spent in sleep, other non-work time spent in sedentary behaviors, and light, moderate, and vigorous intensity activities, sex, age, race/ethnicity, and household income.
CONCLUSIONS
We found no evidence of a relationship between self-reported full time sedentary occupation classification and BMI after accounting for sex, age, race/ethnicity, and household income and 24-hours of time use including non-work related physical activity and sedentary behaviors. The various sources of error associated with self-report methods and assignment of generalized activity and occupational intensity categories could compound to obscure any real relationships.
Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Body Mass Index; Exercise; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Occupations; Sedentary Behavior; Self Report; Young Adult
PubMed: 25295601
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109051 -
Military Psychology : the Official... 2023Differentiating performance components across military occupations is critical to developing assessments and other applications for matching people to occupations in the...
Differentiating performance components across military occupations is critical to developing assessments and other applications for matching people to occupations in the military. However, identifying occupation-specific performance components is challenging and resource intensive. The current paper summarizes different methods the services use to define and identify occupation-specific performance components. The paper concludes with recommendations and future directions for advancing the military's needs for information and data on occupation-specific performance components.
Topics: Humans; Military Personnel; Occupations
PubMed: 37352448
DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2022.2065901 -
Journal of Health and Social Behavior Mar 2022Pandemic frontline occupations consist of disproportionately low socioeconomic status and racial minority workers. Documenting occupational health disparities is...
Pandemic frontline occupations consist of disproportionately low socioeconomic status and racial minority workers. Documenting occupational health disparities is therefore crucial for understanding COVID-19-related health inequalities in the United States. This study uses Current Population Survey microdata to estimate occupational differences in sickness-related absences (SAs) from work in March through June 2020 and their contribution to educational, racial-ethnic, and nativity health disparities. We find that there has been an unprecedented rise in SAs concentrated in transportation, food-related, and personal care and service occupations. SA rates were 6 times higher in these occupations than in non-health-care professions. The greatest increases were in occupations that are unsuitable for remote work, require workers to work close to others, pay low wages, and rarely provide health insurance. Workers in these occupations are disproportionately Black, Hispanic, indigenous, and immigrants. Occupation contributes 41% of the total of Black/white differences and 54% of educational differences in SAs.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Occupations; Pandemics; Racial Groups; SARS-CoV-2; United States
PubMed: 35100514
DOI: 10.1177/00221465211053615 -
Canadian Journal of Occupational... Mar 2024Occupations have "implications for individuals, societies, and the earth". This article focusses on implications of occupation in relation to and examines the...
Occupations have "implications for individuals, societies, and the earth". This article focusses on implications of occupation in relation to and examines the potential to expand occupational justice beyond anthropocentric viewpoints to honour interspecies justice. A 'theory as method' approach is used to explore the literature. Transgressive decolonial hermeneutics informs analysis. The discussion advances understandings about human occupation in relation to more-than-humans, intersections with human occupations and animals, and ethical relationality. Occupational justice includes honouring interdependence of species, engaging in occupations in ways that are sustainable, considering future generations, and refraining from occupations that have a destructive or detrimental impact on the earth and more-than-humans. The profession has a collective responsibility to honour Indigenous worldviews and Indigenous sovereignty, recognising and welcoming the potential for Western conceptualisations of occupation to be transformed.
Topics: Humans; Occupational Therapy; Occupations; Social Justice
PubMed: 37072931
DOI: 10.1177/00084174231169390 -
American Journal of Industrial Medicine Jul 2022Health responses associated with occupational exposures can vary between men and women. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Health responses associated with occupational exposures can vary between men and women.
AIMS
This study reviewed the work injury and disability risks associated with similar types of occupational exposures for men and women within and across occupations.
MATERIALS & METHODS
A systematic review was undertaken of observational studies published between 2009 and 2019. Studies were required to empirically compare men and women for associations between occupational exposures and work injury or disability outcomes. Included studies were appraised for methodological quality and medium to high rated studies were compared for risk differences between men and women.
RESULTS
Of 14,006 records identified, 440 articles were assessed for methodological quality, and 33 medium to high rated studies were included and reviewed. Among all occupations, the association between physical exposures, job demands, noise, and repetitive tasks, and injury risk were stronger among men. The relationship between repetitive tasks and sickness absence was stronger among women. Most studies examining psychological exposures found no risk differences for men and women across occupations. Men were at higher injury risk in certain occupations in primary and secondary industry sectors involving physical exposures and some chemical/biological exposures. Women were at higher injury risk for the physical demands and repetitive tasks of health care and aluminum production occupations.
CONCLUSION
This review found that men and women can have different work injury and disability risks, both across and within the same occupations, for some physical exposures and to a lesser extent for some chemical and biological exposures. These differences might be a result of occupation-specific task differences.
Topics: Female; Humans; Industry; Male; Occupational Exposure; Occupations; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35578160
DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23364 -
The Journal of Adolescent Health :... Jul 2019Physical activity can occur in many settings, or domains, including recreation, occupation, and transportation. We described patterns of adolescent and young adult (YA)...
PURPOSE
Physical activity can occur in many settings, or domains, including recreation, occupation, and transportation. We described patterns of adolescent and young adult (YA) activity in each domain, and the extent that accounting for different domains impacts activity recommendation adherence. We also examined activity domain associations with weight status.
METHODS
We examined physical activity among 11,157 adolescents and YAs in recreational, occupational, and transportation domains in the 2007-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We calculated proportions meeting weekly activity recommendations (adolescents: 420 minutes; YAs: 150 minutes) by domain. We compared adjusted odds of performing any activity in each domain by weight status. All estimates are weighted and stratified by age (adolescents: 12-19 years; YAs: 20-29 years) and sex.
RESULTS
Most adolescents (90.9%) and YAs (86.7%) reported activity in at least one domain. Recreational activity accounted for an average of 60.2% (adolescents) and 42.5% (YAs) of an individual's total activity. Approximately half of YAs (50.2%) reported any occupational activity, which accounted for 44.6% (males) and 37.4% (females) of total activity minutes. Transportation accounted for 18.1% (adolescents) and 16.2% (YAs) of total activity. Activity recommendation adherence estimates increased when adding domains: recreation alone (34.9% adolescents, 45.6% YAs); recreation and occupation (47.2% adolescents, 68.7% YAs); and recreation, occupation, and transportation (53.5% adolescents, 74.7% YAs). Weight status was generally not associated with activity domains.
CONCLUSIONS
Adolescents and YAs accumulate substantial occupational and some transportation-related physical activity, resulting in more youth meeting activity recommendations when accounting for these activity domains than recreation alone.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Weight; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Nutrition Surveys; Occupations; Recreation; Transportation; Young Adult
PubMed: 30948270
DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.01.021 -
British Medical Journal Aug 1953
Topics: Feeding Behavior; Industry; Occupational Diseases; Occupations; Psychology
PubMed: 13059464
DOI: No ID Found -
Health Reports Aug 2007This article compares work injury occurrence by occupational category, and examines its relationship with selected factors reflecting work organization and environment....
OBJECTIVES
This article compares work injury occurrence by occupational category, and examines its relationship with selected factors reflecting work organization and environment. Associations between work injury and socio-demographic and other health-related variables are also considered.
DATA SOURCES
Data are from the 2003 Canadian Community Health Survey (cycle 2.1).
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
Cross-sectional estimates of the proportion of workers injured on the job were calculated by occupational category, and by selected work-related, personal and socio-demographic characteristics. Multivariate analyses were used to study associations between work injury and job-related factors, while controlling for other influences.
MAIN RESULTS
In 2003, an estimated 630,000 Canadian workers experienced at least one activity-limiting occupational injury. Of people in trades, transport and equipment operation, 9% sustained an on-the-job injury, compared with 2% of workers in the "white-collar" sector. Work injury was more common in male (5%) than in female workers (2%). In multivariate analysis, some work-related variables were associated with occupational injury for both sexes: employment in trades, transport and equipment operation, primary industries, and processing, manufacturing and utilities; shift work; and heavy labour. Income under $60,000 and working long hours were associated with injury in men, but not in women. Women reporting their jobs as stressful had higher odds of injury; in men, no association with work stress emerged.
Topics: Accidents, Occupational; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Back Injuries; Canada; Female; Geography; Hand Injuries; Health Surveys; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Occupations; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Smoking; Socioeconomic Factors; Stress, Psychological; Work Schedule Tolerance; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 17892250
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Jul 1948
Topics: Humans; Occupations; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 18939076
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Work Exposures and Health Jul 2020In a recent count of cohort studies in Europe capturing information on occupation and/or occupational exposures, we estimated that there are more than 60 major studies...
In a recent count of cohort studies in Europe capturing information on occupation and/or occupational exposures, we estimated that there are more than 60 major studies with some type of occupational information that enrolled over 30 million persons. With few exceptions there have been no large-scale analyses systematically combining cohorts from this extraordinary resource. We present the development of an inventory of cohorts with occupational information in Europe and internationally and describe the online interactive tool with detailed information on existing cohorts. The OMEGA-NET inventory can be accessed at http://occupationalcohorts.net/ includes cohorts, case-control studies nested within cohorts and intervention studies that are active or can substantiate that their data are potentially accessible; that include data on occupation and/or industry or at least one occupational exposure; and that have at least one follow-up, either already conducted or planned. We expect that this open access inventory will be an important prerequisite for use of this resource of existing studies for research and policy development.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Europe; Humans; Industry; Occupational Exposure; Occupations
PubMed: 32556221
DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa039