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Journal of Infection in Developing... Nov 2023Ochrobactrum species are emerging Gram-negative, non-fermenting bacteria with low virulence. Infection with the Ochrobactrum species is commonly nosocomial and has been...
Ochrobactrum species are emerging Gram-negative, non-fermenting bacteria with low virulence. Infection with the Ochrobactrum species is commonly nosocomial and has been reported in patients with indwelling medical devices and implants. Among the species of Ochrobactrum infecting humans, Ochrobactrum anthropic and Ochrobactrum intermedium are the commonest ones. We present a case of septicemia caused by Ochrobactrum intermedium in a 75-year-old patient with lower limb cellulitis. This report describes the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and treatment of Ochrobactrum infections.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Ochrobactrum; Sepsis
PubMed: 38064389
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.17185 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022The intracellular pathogens of the genus are phylogenetically close to , a diverse group of free-living bacteria with a few species occasionally infecting medically... (Review)
Review
The intracellular pathogens of the genus are phylogenetically close to , a diverse group of free-living bacteria with a few species occasionally infecting medically compromised patients. A group of taxonomists recently included all organisms in the genus based on global genome analyses and alleged equivalences with genera such as . Here, we demonstrate that such equivalencies are incorrect because they overlook the complexities of pathogenicity. By summarizing and divergences in lifestyle, structure, physiology, population, closed versus open pangenomes, genomic traits, and pathogenicity, we show that when they are adequately understood, they are highly relevant in taxonomy and not unidimensional quantitative characters. Thus, the and differences are not limited to their assignments to different "risk-groups", a biologically (and hence, taxonomically) oversimplified description that, moreover, does not support ignoring the rule, as proposed. Since the epidemiology, prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment are thoroughly unrelated, merging free-living organisms with highly pathogenic organisms brings evident risks for veterinarians, medical doctors, and public health authorities who confront brucellosis, a significant zoonosis worldwide. Therefore, from taxonomical and practical standpoints, the and genera must be maintained apart. Consequently, we urge researchers, culture collections, and databases to keep their canonical nomenclature.
PubMed: 35335701
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030377 -
Microorganisms Nov 2020species are non-enteric, Gram-negative organisms that are closely related to the genus . Since the designation of the genus in 1988, several distinct species have now... (Review)
Review
species are non-enteric, Gram-negative organisms that are closely related to the genus . Since the designation of the genus in 1988, several distinct species have now been characterised and implicated as opportunistic pathogens in multiple outbreaks. Here, we examine the genus, its members, diagnostic tools used for identification, data from recent whole genome sequencing and the pathogenicity associated with reported infections. This review identified 128 instances of spp. infections that have been discussed in the literature. These findings indicate that infection review programs should consider investigation of possible spp. outbreaks if these bacteria are clinically isolated in more than one patient and that spp. are more important pathogens than previously thought.
PubMed: 33207839
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111797 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Aug 2018
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Culture Media; Ochrobactrum anthropi
PubMed: 30534931
DOI: 10.4067/s0716-10182018000400431 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases 1997Brucellosis remains a major zoonosis worldwide. Although many countries have eradicated Brucella abortus from cattle, in some areas Brucella melitensis has emerged as a... (Review)
Review
Brucellosis remains a major zoonosis worldwide. Although many countries have eradicated Brucella abortus from cattle, in some areas Brucella melitensis has emerged as a cause of infection in this species as well as in sheep and goats. Despite vaccination campaigns with the Rev 1 strain, B. melitensis remains the principal cause of human brucellosis. Brucella suis is also emerging as an agent of infection in cattle, thus extending its opportunities to infect humans. The recent isolation of distinctive strains of Brucella from marine mammals has extended its ecologic range. Molecular genetic studies have demonstrated phylogenetic affiliation to Agrobacterium, Phyllobacterium, Ochrobactrum, and Rhizobium. Polymerase chain reaction and gene probe development may provide more effective typing methods. Pathogenicity is related to production of lipopolysaccharides containing a poly N-formyl perosamine O chain, CuZn superoxide dismutase, erythrlose phosphate dehydrogenase, stress-induced proteins related to intracellular survival, and adenine and guanine monophosphate inhibitors of phagocyte functions. Protective immunity is conferred by antibody to lipopolysaccharide and T-cell-mediated macrophage activation triggered by protein antigens. Diagnosis still centers on isolation of the organism and serologic test results, especially enzyme immunoassay, which is replacing other methods. Polymerase chain reaction is also under evaluation. Therapy is based on tetracyclines with or without rifampicin, aminoglycosides, or quinolones. No satisfactory vaccines against human brucellosis are available, although attenuated purE mutants appear promising.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Brucella; Brucellosis; Cattle; Humans
PubMed: 9204307
DOI: 10.3201/eid0302.970219 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2018Epoxy resins have a wide range of applications, including in corrosion protection of metals, electronics, structural adhesives, and composites. The consumption of epoxy...
Epoxy resins have a wide range of applications, including in corrosion protection of metals, electronics, structural adhesives, and composites. The consumption of epoxy resins is predicted to keep growing in the coming years. Unfortunately, thermoset resins cannot be recycled, and are typically not biodegradable. Hence, they pose environmental pollution risk. Here, we report degradation of epoxy resin by two bacteria that are capable of using epoxy resin as a sole carbon source. These bacteria were isolated from soil samples collected from areas around an epoxy and polyurethanes manufacturing plant. Using an array of molecular, biochemical, analytical, and microscopic techniques, they were identified as and . As epoxy was the only carbon source available for these bacteria, their measured growth rate reflected their ability to degrade epoxy resin. Bacterial growth took place only when the two bacteria were grown together, indicating a synergistic effect. The surface morphology of the epoxy droplets changed significantly due to the biodegradation process. The metabolic pathway of epoxy by these two microbes was investigated by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Bisphenol A, 3,3'-((propane-2,2-diylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy))bis(propane-1,2-diol) and some other constituents were identified as being consumed by the bacteria.
PubMed: 30380643
DOI: 10.3390/ma11112123 -
Bidirectional effects of oral anticoagulants on gut microbiota in patients with atrial fibrillation.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023The imbalance of gut microbiota (GM) is associated with a higher risk of thrombosis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Oral anticoagulants (OACs) have been found...
BACKGROUND
The imbalance of gut microbiota (GM) is associated with a higher risk of thrombosis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Oral anticoagulants (OACs) have been found to significantly reduce the risk of thromboembolism and increase the risk of bleeding. However, the OAC-induced alterations in gut microbiota in patients with AF remain elusive.
METHODS
In this study, the microbial composition in 42 AF patients who received long-term OAC treatment (AF-OAC group), 47 AF patients who did not (AF group), and 40 volunteers with the risk of AF (control group) were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal bacterial DNA. The metagenomic functional prediction of major bacterial taxa was performed using the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) software package.
RESULTS
The gut microbiota differed between the AF-OAC and AF groups. The abundance of and decreased in the two disease groups at the genus level, but OACs treatment mitigated the decreasing tendency and increased beneficial bacterial genera, such as . In addition, OACs reduced the abundance of pro-inflammatory taxa on the genus but increased certain potential pathogenic taxa, such as genera , , and . The Subgroup Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analyses revealed that , , and were more abundant in the anticoagulated bleeding AF patients, and were more abundant in the non-anticoagulated-bleeding-AF patients. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was lower in the AF-OAC group compared with the AF group ( < 0.05). was positively correlated with the NLR and negatively correlated with the CHA2DS2-VASc score ( < 0.05), and the OACs-enriched species ( and ) was positively correlated with the prothrombin time (PT) ( < 0.05). and were negatively associated with bleeding events ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggested that OACs might benefit AF patients by reducing the inflammatory response and modulating the composition and abundance of gut microbiota. In particular, OACs increased the abundance of some gut microbiota involved in bleeding and gastrointestinal dysfunction indicating that the exogenous supplementation with and might be a prophylactic strategy for AF-OAC patients to lower the risk of bleeding after anticoagulation.
Topics: Humans; Atrial Fibrillation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Stroke; Risk Factors; Anticoagulants; Hemorrhage; Administration, Oral; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 37033478
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1038472 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2020Nicotine is a major -heterocyclic aromatic alkaloid produced in tobacco plants and the main toxic chemical in tobacco waste. Due to its complex physiological effects and... (Review)
Review
Nicotine is a major -heterocyclic aromatic alkaloid produced in tobacco plants and the main toxic chemical in tobacco waste. Due to its complex physiological effects and toxicity, it has become a concern both in terms of public health and the environment. A number of bacteria belonging to the genera and can degrade nicotine the pyridine and pyrrollidine pathways. Recently, a novel hybrid of the pyridine and pyrrolidine pathways (also known as the VPP pathway) was found in the group bacteria S33, sp. HZN7 and sp. SJY1 as well as in other group bacteria. The special mosaic pathway has attracted much attention from microbiologists in terms of the study of their molecular and biochemical mechanisms. This will benefit the development of new biotechnologies in terms of the use of nicotine, the enzymes involved in its catabolism, and the microorganisms capable of degrading the alkaloid. In this pathway, some metabolites are hydroxylated in the pyridine ring or modified in the side chain with active groups, which can be used as precursors for the synthesis of some important compounds in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. Moreover, some enzymes may be used for industrial biocatalysis to transform pyridine derivatives into desired chemicals. Here, we review the molecular and biochemical basis of the hybrid nicotine-degrading pathway and discuss the electron transport in its oxidative degradation for energy conservation and bacterial growth.
PubMed: 33281798
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.598207 -
Plant Biotechnology Journal May 2022We have discovered a novel bacterium, Ochrobactrum haywardense H1 (Oh H1), which is capable of efficient plant transformation. Ochrobactrum is a new host for...
We have discovered a novel bacterium, Ochrobactrum haywardense H1 (Oh H1), which is capable of efficient plant transformation. Ochrobactrum is a new host for Agrobacterium-derived vir and T-DNA-mediated transformation. Oh H1 is a unique, non-phytopathogenic species, categorized as a BSL-1 organism. We engineered Oh H1 with repurposed Agrobacterium virulence machinery and demonstrated Oh H1 can transform numerous dicot species and at least one monocot, sorghum. We generated a cysteine auxotrophic Oh H1-8 strain containing a binary vector system. Oh H1-8 produced transgenic soybean plants with an efficiency 1.6 times that of Agrobacterium strain AGL1 and 2.9 times that of LBA4404Thy-. Oh H1-8 successfully transformed several elite Corteva soybean varieties with T0 transformation frequency up to 35%. In addition to higher transformation efficiencies, Oh H1-8 generated high-quality, transgenic events with single-copy, plasmid backbone-free insertion at frequencies higher than AGL1. The SpcN selectable marker gene is excised using a heat shock-inducible excision system resulting in marker-free transgenic events. Approximately, 24.5% of the regenerated plants contained only a single copy of the transgene and contained no vector backbone. There were no statistically significant differences in yield comparing T3 null-segregant lines to wild-type controls. We have demonstrated that Oh H1-8, combined with spectinomycin selection, is an efficient, rapid, marker-free and yield-neutral transformation system for elite soybean.
Topics: Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Genetic Vectors; Ochrobactrum; Plants, Genetically Modified; Glycine max; Transformation, Genetic
PubMed: 35015927
DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13777 -
MSphere Mar 2020Substantial concentrations of penicillin V potassium (PVK) have been found in livestock manure, soil, and wastewater effluents, which may pose potential threats to human...
Substantial concentrations of penicillin V potassium (PVK) have been found in livestock manure, soil, and wastewater effluents, which may pose potential threats to human health and contribute to the emergence of penicillin-resistant bacterial strains. In this study, bacterial strains capable of degrading PVK were isolated from sludge and characterized. Strain X-2 was selected for biodegradation of PVK. Based on morphological observations and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, strain X-2 was identified as an strain. To enhance the PVK degradation ability of PVK, a whole-cell biodegradation process of X-2 was established and optimized. In the whole-cell biodegradation process, the optimal temperature and pH were 30°C and 7.0, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, the degradation rate using 0.5 mg/ml PVK reached 100% within 3 h. During biodegradation, two major metabolites were detected: penicilloic acid and phenolic acid. The present study provides a novel method for the biodegradation of PVK using strains, which represent promising candidates for the industrial biodegradation of PVK. Substantial concentrations of penicillin V potassium (PVK) have been found in the environment, which may pose potential threats to human health and contribute to the emergence of penicillin-resistant bacterial strains. In this study, antibiotic-degrading bacterial strains for PVK were isolated from sludge and characterized. was selected for the biodegradation of PVK with high efficiency. To enhance its PVK degradation ability, a whole-cell biodegradation process was established and optimized using The degradation rate with 0.5 mg/ml PVK reached 100% within 3 h. The potential biodegradation pathway was also investigated. To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides new insights into the biodegradation of PVK using an strain, a promising candidate strain for the industrial biodegradation of β-lactam antibiotics.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biodegradation, Environmental; Hydroxybenzoates; Industrial Microbiology; Ochrobactrum; Penicillanic Acid; Penicillin V; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sewage; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 32188746
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00058-20