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Journal of Clinical Microbiology Apr 2005CDC coryneform group A-3 bacteria are rare human pathogens. In this study, six group A-3 isolates (two from blood, one from cerebrospinal fluid, and one each from...
CDC coryneform group A-3 bacteria are rare human pathogens. In this study, six group A-3 isolates (two from blood, one from cerebrospinal fluid, and one each from homograft valve, lip wound, and pilonidal cyst) were compared to the type strains of phenotypically related organisms, Cellulomonas fimi, Cellulomonas hominis, Oerskovia turbata, and Sanguibacter suarezii, and characterized by phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic studies. DNA-DNA reassociation analysis identified two genomic groups, and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identified the taxonomic positions of these groups to genus level. Two groups were defined, and both were more closely related to Cellulomonas species: one group of three strains, for which we propose the new species Cellulomonas denverensis sp. nov., with the type strain W6929 (ATCC BAA-788(T) or DSM 15764(T)), was related to C. hominis ATCC 51964(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), and the second group of three strains was related to C. hominis ATCC 51964(T) (99.8 to 99.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The definition of this new Cellulomonas species and the confirmation of three strains as C. hominis serve to further clarify the complex taxonomy of CDC coryneform group A-3 bacteria and will assist in our understanding of the epidemiology and clinical significance of these microorganisms.
Topics: Actinomycetales Infections; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Cellulomonas; DNA, Ribosomal; Fatty Acids; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 15814993
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.4.1732-1737.2005 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Jan 2015To isolate actinomycete spp with the ability to desulphurize sulphur-containing heterocyclic compounds present in petroleum.
AIM
To isolate actinomycete spp with the ability to desulphurize sulphur-containing heterocyclic compounds present in petroleum.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Enrichment cultures were set up to select and isolate sulphur heterocycle metabolizing soil micro-organisms. Screening of the microbial isolates for the desulphurization property led to isolation of R3. The isolate was characterized by PCR screening of 16S rRNA genes and classical taxonomic investigations. HPLC analysis of the desulphurization assays with R3 showed ~85% transformation of dibenzothiophene (270 μmol l(-1)), present as the sole sulphur source in basal salt medium, in 4 days. Production of the desulphurized dibenzothiophene metabolite, 2-hydroxybiphenyl, was confirmed by GC/MS analyses. GC/MS analyses also established the ability of R3 to transform benzothiophene to benzothiophene-1-oxide and benzothiophene-1, 1-dioxide, and thianthrene to thianthrene-5-oxide. PCR primers computed based on the desulphurization operon (dszABC) of Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8 yielded the predicted amplification products with R3 genomic DNA as template. Southern hybridization and restriction endonuclease digestion profiles indicated that R3 amplicons were homologous to dsz AB.
CONCLUSIONS
The enrichment method used in this study yielded an environmental isolate with the ability to transform multiple sulphur heterocycles. The isolate R3 has taxonomic proximity to the Oerskovia sp, order Actinomycetales. The isolate R3 selectively removes sulphur from dibenzothiophene yielding 2-hydroxybiphenyl and sulphate. R3 also transforms benzothiophene and thianthrene in a sulphur-targeted manner. The desulphurization genes in R3 bear similarity to those in R. erythropolis IGTS8.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
The actinomycetes present in soil can remove sulphur from different sulphur heterocycle substrates and have potential as biodesulphurization catalysts.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Actinomycetales; Biotransformation; Heterocyclic Compounds; Petroleum; Rhodococcus; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Thiophenes
PubMed: 25319398
DOI: 10.1111/jam.12665 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Aug 1995CDC coryneform group A-3 and A-4 bacteria were defined by Hollis and Weaver in 1981, but their taxonomic position is still unclear. By using biochemical and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Identification of some clinical strains of CDC coryneform group A-3 and A-4 bacteria as Cellulomonas species and proposal of Cellulomonas hominis sp. nov. for some group A-3 strains.
CDC coryneform group A-3 and A-4 bacteria were defined by Hollis and Weaver in 1981, but their taxonomic position is still unclear. By using biochemical and chemotaxonomical methods, four clinical strains belonging to CDC coryneform groups A-3 (n = 2) and A-4 (n = 2) were studied and could be assigned to the genus Cellulomonas, resulting in the first description of Cellulomonas strains isolated from clinical specimens. CDC coryneform group A-3 and A-4 strains were compared with the type strains of the seven species constituting the genus Cellulomonas at present as well as with the closely related species Oerskovia turbata, Oerskovia xanthineolytica, and Jonesia denitrificans, but their biochemical patterns were not compatible with the patterns of any of those species. Almost the entire sequences of the 16S rRNA genes of one representative strain of both CDC taxa were determined, and comparative sequence analysis confirmed the placement of the CDC coryneform group A-3 and A-4 strains studied in the Cellulomonas-Oerskovia subbranch of the actinomycetes. Both CDC taxa exhibited > 99% base pair homology within their 16S rDNAs. On the basis of phenotypic and molecular data, we formally propose a new species, Cellulomonas hominis sp. nov., for the CDC coryneform group A-3 bacteria examined. The type strain is DSM 9581. The precise taxonomic status of the CDC coryneform group A-4 strains studied remains to be established by quantitative DNA-DNA hybridizations.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Sequence; DNA Primers; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenotype; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Species Specificity
PubMed: 7559954
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.8.2091-2097.1995 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Dec 1992Rarobacter faecitabidus protease I (RPI) is a serine protease exhibiting lytic activity toward living yeast cells. RPI is similar to elastase in its substrate... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Rarobacter faecitabidus protease I (RPI) is a serine protease exhibiting lytic activity toward living yeast cells. RPI is similar to elastase in its substrate specificity and has a lectin-like affinity for mannose. The gene encoding RPI was cloned to elucidate its structure and function. And its nucleotide sequence revealed that it contains an open reading frame encoding a 525-amino acid protein. Homology comparison indicated that pre-pro-RPI consists of three domains: (1) an NH2-terminal prepro domain not found in the mature form of RPI, (2) a protease domain homologous to the trypsin family of serine proteases, and (3) a COOH-terminal domain homologous to the COOH-terminal part of Oerskovia xanthineolytica beta-1,3-glucanase and the NH2-terminal part of the ricin B chain, a lectin isolated from the part of the ricin B chain, a lectin isolated from the castor bean. The RPI gene and its mutant were subsequently expressed in Escherichia coli under its beta-galactosidase promoter to investigate the function of the COOH-terminal domain. The mutant RPI, whose COOH-terminal domain was truncated by site-directed mutagenesis, lost both its mannose-binding and yeast-lytic activity, although the protease activity was not affected. These findings suggest that the COOH-terminal domain actually participates in the mannose-binding activity and is required for yeast-lytic activity.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Chromatography, Affinity; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Escherichia coli; Genes, Bacterial; Kinetics; Mannose; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotide Probes; Plasmids; Protein Binding; Recombinant Proteins; Restriction Mapping; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Serine Endopeptidases
PubMed: 1339445
DOI: No ID Found -
Le Infezioni in Medicina Jun 2004We report data concerning our experience during three years (1998-2001) about isolation, identification and susceptibility towards antimicrobial agents of coryneform...
We report data concerning our experience during three years (1998-2001) about isolation, identification and susceptibility towards antimicrobial agents of coryneform bacteria in infections of hospitalized/at risk patients. We isolated 54 Corynebacterium spp., with prevalence of C. striatum (8 strains) and C. amycolatum (7 strains), and 1 strain of Oerskovia spp. and 1 strain of Actinomyces neuii. 31 strains were isolated from the "exit-site" and 6 from peritoneal fluid of CAPD patients. Vancomycin and teicoplanin were always "in vitro" efficacious. Resistance rates towards other antibiotics were the following: 11% for minocycline, 12.5% for tetracycline, 20% for gentamicin and netilmicin, 61% for erythromycin and chloramphenicol, 66% for penicillin.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Actinomycetales Infections; Drug Resistance; Hospitals, University; Humans; Italy; Retrospective Studies; Species Specificity
PubMed: 15316299
DOI: No ID Found -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Oct 2009Endophytic actinobacteria are relatively unexplored as potential sources of novel species and novel natural products for medical and commercial exploitation....
Endophytic actinobacteria are relatively unexplored as potential sources of novel species and novel natural products for medical and commercial exploitation. Xishuangbanna is recognized throughout the world for its diverse flora, especially the rain forest plants, many of which have indigenous pharmaceutical histories. However, little is known about the endophytic actinobacteria of this tropical area. In this work, we studied the diversity of actinobacteria isolated from medicinal plants collected from tropical rain forests in Xishuangbanna. By the use of different selective isolation media and methods, a total of 2,174 actinobacteria were isolated. Forty-six isolates were selected on the basis of their morphologies on different media and were further characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed an unexpected level of diversity, with 32 different genera. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the isolation of Saccharopolyspora, Dietzia, Blastococcus, Dactylosporangium, Promicromonospora, Oerskovia, Actinocorallia, and Jiangella species from endophytic environments. At least 19 isolates are considered novel taxa by our current research. In addition, all 46 isolates were tested for antimicrobial activity and were screened for the presence of genes encoding polyketide synthetases and nonribosomal peptide synthetases. The results confirm that the medicinal plants of Xishuangbanna represent an extremely rich reservoir for the isolation of a significant diversity of actinobacteria, including novel species, that are potential sources for the discovery of biologically active compounds.
Topics: Actinobacteria; Anti-Infective Agents; Biodiversity; China; Cluster Analysis; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Plants, Medicinal; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Trees; Tropical Climate
PubMed: 19648362
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01034-09 -
Nucleic Acids Research Dec 1990We present a reproducible method for the preparation of nuclear extracts from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that support efficient RNA polymerase B (II)-dependent...
We present a reproducible method for the preparation of nuclear extracts from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that support efficient RNA polymerase B (II)-dependent transcription. Extracts from both a crude nuclear fraction and Percoll-purified nuclei are highly active for site-specific initiation and transcription of a G-free cassette under the Adenovirus major late promoter. At optimal extract concentrations transcription is at least 5 times more efficient with the yeast extracts than with HeLa whole cell extracts. We show that the transcriptional activity is sensitive to alpha-amanitin and to depletion of factor(s) recognizing the TATA-box of the promoter. The in vitro reaction showed maximal activity after 45 min, was very sensitive to Cl-, but was not affected by high concentrations of potassium. We find that the efficiency of in vitro transcription in nuclear extracts is reproducibly high when spheroplasting is performed with a partially purified beta 1,3-glucanase (lyticase). Therefore a simplified method to isolate the lyticase from the supernatant of Oerskovia xanthineolytica is also presented.
Topics: Amanitins; Cell Nucleus; Genetic Techniques; Glucan Endo-1,3-beta-D-Glucosidase; Multienzyme Complexes; Peptide Hydrolases; RNA Polymerase II; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Spheroplasts; TATA Box; Temperature; Time Factors; Transcription, Genetic
PubMed: 2263463
DOI: 10.1093/nar/18.23.7033 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2017The phylum is one of the most ubiquitously present bacterial lineages on Earth. In the present study, we try to explore the diversity of cultivable rare in Sigangli...
The phylum is one of the most ubiquitously present bacterial lineages on Earth. In the present study, we try to explore the diversity of cultivable rare in Sigangli Cave, Yunnan, China by utilizing a combination of different sample pretreatments and under different culture conditions. Pretreating the samples under different conditions of heat, setting the isolation condition at different pHs, and supplementation of media with different calcium salts were found to be effective for isolation of diverse rare . During our study, a total of 204 isolates affiliated to 30 genera of phylum were cultured. Besides the dominant , rare of the genera , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and were isolated from these cave samples.
PubMed: 28848538
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01535 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jan 1991Cellular fatty acid (CFA) compositions of 561 asporogenous, aerobic gram-positive rods were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography as an adjunct to their identification...
Cellular fatty acid (CFA) compositions of 561 asporogenous, aerobic gram-positive rods were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography as an adjunct to their identification when grown on blood agar at 35 degrees C. The organisms could be divided into two groups. In the first group (branched-chain type), which included coryneform CDC groups A-3, A-4, and A-5; some strains of B-1 and B-3; "Corynebacterium aquaticum"; Brevibacterium liquefaciens; Rothia dentocariosa; and Listeria spp., the rods had sizable quantities of antiesopentadecanoic (Ca15:0) and anteisoheptadecanoic (Ca17:0) acids. Other species with these types of CFA included B. acetylicum, which contained large amounts of isotridecanoic (Ci13:0) and anteisotridecanoic (Ca13:0) acids. CFAs useful for distinguishing among Jonesia denitrificans, Oerskovia spp., some strains of CDC groups B-1 and B-3, Kurthia spp., and Propionibacterium avidum were hexadecanoic (C 16:0) acid, isopentadecanoic (Ci15:0) acid, and Ca15:0). The second group (straight-chained type), which included Actinomyces pyogenes; Arcanobacterium haemolyticum; C. bovis; C. cystitidis; C. diphtheriae; C. flavescens, "C. gentalium"; C. jeikeium; C. kutscheri; C. matruchotii; C .minutissimum; C. mycetoides; C. pilosum; C. pseudodiphtheriticum; "C. pseudogenitalium"; C. pseudotuberculosis; C. renale; CDC groups 1, 2, ANF-1, D-2, E, F-1, F-2, G-1, G-2, and I-2; C. striatum; "C. tuberculostearicum"; C. ulcerans; C. vitarumen; C. xerosis; and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, was typified by significant quantities of hexadecanoic (C16:0) and oleic acids (C18:cis9), with differences in the amounts of linoleic acid (C18:2), stearic acid (C18:0), an unnamed peak (equivalent chain length, 14.966), and small quantities of other known saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. CFA composition of these organisms was sufficiently discriminatory to assist in classification but could not be used as the sole means of identification.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Chromatography, Gas; Fatty Acids; Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods; Humans
PubMed: 1899679
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.29.1.83-89.1991 -
IDCases 2018sp. is a ubiquitous gram-positive bacillus that was formerly known as This bacterium is found in soil and decaying plant material and is rarely associated with...
BACKGROUND
sp. is a ubiquitous gram-positive bacillus that was formerly known as This bacterium is found in soil and decaying plant material and is rarely associated with infections in humans.
CASE REPORT
We report the case of a 44 year-old woman with history of bone marrow transplant that developed sp. bacteremia secondary to a central line infection. She was admitted with presumed sepsis. Blood cultures from central line and periphery revealed the growth of gram-positive rods that were further identified as . by MALDI-TOF. She was treated with vancomycin and line removal. Microbiologic cure was achieved; however, she developed hospital-acquired pneumonia, which led to a fatal outcome.
CONCLUSION
To our knowledge, there are only 15 documented cases of sp. bacteremia. Our case illustrates the potential pathogenicity of this bacterium and the importance of appropriate antimicrobial therapy and removal of infected central catheters. It is essential to know that gram-positive bacilli should not be disregarded as contaminants when recovered from multiple blood cultures. In this situation, a full microbiologic identification must be attempted.
PubMed: 29619323
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2018.01.007