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Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023To make full use of the regenerative value of waste cooking oil, and to solve the environmental pollution and food security issues caused by waste cooking oil, waste... (Review)
Review
To make full use of the regenerative value of waste cooking oil, and to solve the environmental pollution and food security issues caused by waste cooking oil, waste cooking oil was suggested for use in asphalt. Waste cooking oil was used to adjust the performance of virgin and aged asphalt. This review article summarizes research progress on the performance of asphalt and asphalt mixture with waste cooking oil. The results showed that a moderate dosage of waste cooking oil will improved the low-temperature performance and construction workability of petroleum asphalt and aged asphalt. The mixing and compaction temperature of asphalt mixture with waste cooking oil are reduced by up to 15 °C. The rutting resistance and fatigue resistance of modified asphalt and modified asphalt mixture with waste cooking oil are damaged. After the addition of waste cooking oil in aged asphalt, the high-temperature performance and shear rheologic property of aged asphalt will be recovered. The regeneration effect of waste cooking oil on aged asphalt and aged asphalt mixture is close to that of a traditional regeneration agent, and the partial performance of asphalt or asphalt mixture with waste cooking oil is better. There is no chemical reaction between waste cooking oil and asphalt, but the asphalt component and absorption peak intensity of partial functional groups are changed. The light components content of asphalt binder is usually increased. Further research regarding the engineering application of asphalt mixture with waste cooking oil should be conducted. The method for improving the performance of asphalt and asphalt mixture with waste cooking oil will be mainly researched.
PubMed: 36836971
DOI: 10.3390/ma16041341 -
International Journal of Trichology 2022The aim of this study is to identify a new method to measure oil penetration into hair, compare penetration ability of two types of oil: Type 3 hair oil and coconut oil...
AIM
The aim of this study is to identify a new method to measure oil penetration into hair, compare penetration ability of two types of oil: Type 3 hair oil and coconut oil into the hair shaft and explore its correlation to a physical property of hair, tensile strength.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study utilizes the measurements of two parameters, thickness, and cohesive force to define penetration of oil. The hypothesis was that an increase in hair fiber thickness along with reduction in cohesive force would indicate higher penetration of oil into the hair strand. The tensile strength of hair was then determined by measuring the behavior of treated hair strands while an axial stretching load was applied.
RESULTS
In experiment of hair thickness measurement, there was a significant increase in the hair fiber thickness post oil application in both the test oils as compared to baseline (untreated control). However, this increase was higher in hair swatches treated with Type 3 hair oil. For cohesive force measurement, significantly lower force was required for hair swatches treated with Type 3 hair oil when compared to coconut oil. For tensile strength, both test oils exhibited increase versus baseline but increase in tensile strength was significantly more with type 3 hair oil when compared to coconut oil.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study shows that conjoint assessment of hair thickness and cohesive force post oil application can be a suitable method to indicate the extent of oil penetration into the hair. Overall, the study indicated the positive influence of oil penetration on hair strength.
PubMed: 36081445
DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_122_20 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023The seeds of (horseradish tree) contain about 40% of one of the most stable vegetable oils (Moringa seed oil). Therefore, the effects of Moringa seed oil on human SZ95...
The seeds of (horseradish tree) contain about 40% of one of the most stable vegetable oils (Moringa seed oil). Therefore, the effects of Moringa seed oil on human SZ95 sebocytes were investigated and were compared with other vegetable oils. Immortalized human SZ95 sebocytes were treated with Moringa seed oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, linoleic acid and oleic acid. Lipid droplets were visualized by Nile Red fluorescence, cytokine secretion via cytokine antibody array, cell viability with calcein-AM fluorescence, cell proliferation by real-time cell analysis, and fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. Statistical analysis was performed by the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test, the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's multiple comparison test. The vegetable oils tested stimulated sebaceous lipogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner. The pattern of lipogenesis induced by Moringa seed oil and olive oil was comparable to lipogenesis stimulated by oleic acid with also similar fatty acid secretion and cell proliferation patterns. Sunflower oil induced the strongest lipogenesis among the tested oils and fatty acids. There were also differences in cytokine secretion, induced by treatment with different oils. Moringa seed oil and olive oil, but not sunflower oil, reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, in comparison to untreated cells, and exhibited a low n-6/n-3 index. The anti-inflammatory oleic acid detected in Moringa seed oil probably contributed to its low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and induction of cell death. In conclusion, Moringa seed oil seems to concentrate several desired oil properties on sebocytes, such as high content level of the anti-inflammatory fatty acid oleic acid, induction of similar cell proliferation and lipogenesis patterns compared with oleic acid, lipogenesis with a low n-6/n-3 index and inhibition of secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These properties characterize Moringa seed oil as an interesting nutrient and a promising ingredient in skin care products.
Topics: Humans; Moringa oleifera; Olive Oil; Seeds; Fatty Acids; Plant Oils; Oleic Acid; Moringa; Cytokines
PubMed: 37373478
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210332 -
BioImpacts : BI 2017The addition of herbs into hot sesame oil could increase the oil-pulling efficiency of sesame oil. The aim of present study was to modify the proportion of herbs and...
The addition of herbs into hot sesame oil could increase the oil-pulling efficiency of sesame oil. The aim of present study was to modify the proportion of herbs and sesame oil with the addition of other ingredients including menthol, camphor, and borneol and improve the medicinal properties and the scent of the oil. Macerated herbal oil was prepared by heat extraction of five species of herbs ( Linn and ) with hot sesame oil. The study was performed to evaluate the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial properties of this macerated herbal oil. Macerated herbal oil was evaluated for antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS assays. It was shown that at dilution 1:2 in DMSO, the macerated herbal oil had DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities equal to 63% and 22%, respectively. Macerated herbal oil dilution 1:8 in DMSO demonstrated ferric reducing capacity equivalent to ascorbic acid (0.208 µM) and had reducing power equivalent to (BHT) 7.41 µg/mL. MTT assay was performed using immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) as a cell culture model. The result indicated that the cytotoxic concentration of the macerated herbal oil was ≥ 2.5 µL/mL in complete DMEM. Anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using the nitrite assay and RT-PCR. It was found that the macerated herbal oil could inhibit nitrite accumulation in culture media. Change in the expression of COX-2, Nrf2, and NF-kB in RT-PCR confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity of the macerated herbal oil. It could be concluded that the macerated herbal oil could inhibit nitrite accumulation in culture media, which might be the inhibitory effect of the macerated herbal oil on COX-2 or Nrf2, the downstream modulator of the COX-2 pathway. Further intensive studies are needed for the optimization before bringing this macerated herbal oil into clinical application.
PubMed: 28546949
DOI: 10.15171/bi.2017.03 -
Energy, Ecology & Environment 2021This paper makes a novel attempt to model the nonlinear association between renewable energy consumption and crude oil prices concerning four net oil-importing South...
This paper makes a novel attempt to model the nonlinear association between renewable energy consumption and crude oil prices concerning four net oil-importing South Asian economies: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Using annual data from 1990 to 2018, the long-run elasticity estimates confirm the nonlinear nexus and suggest that although rising crude oil prices do not facilitate renewable energy consumption initially, upon reaching a threshold level of crude oil price, further hikes in the oil prices are likely to elevate the renewable energy consumption figures. The estimated real oil price threshold, in this regard, is predicted to be around 135 US dollars per barrel, which is way above the prevailing oil price level. Identical nonlinearity is also confirmed in the context of the oil prices and renewable energy share in total final energy consumption volumes. Moreover, the nexus between renewable electricity share in aggregate electricity outputs and crude oil prices is also seen to exhibit nonlinearity. However, rising crude oil prices were not found to enhance the renewable electricity shares. Besides, the causality results implicated that movements in crude oil prices influenced the renewable energy transition process across the concerned South Asian economies. Thus, these results, in a nutshell, impose critically important policy implications for attainment of energy security and environmental sustainability in South Asia, particularly via curbing the traditional imported crude oil-dependencies of these nations.
PubMed: 32838023
DOI: 10.1007/s40974-020-00168-0 -
Chemosphere Mar 2022The formation of stable emulsions is a fundamental problem in oil industry that can result in a sequence of environmental and operational problems. Chemical... (Review)
Review
The formation of stable emulsions is a fundamental problem in oil industry that can result in a sequence of environmental and operational problems. Chemical demulsification is extensively applied for the recovery of oil from water as well as water from oil. This review introduces different chemical demulsifiers applied for the demulsification and recovery of oil from oil in water (O/W) emulsions. Main types of surfactants (anionic, cationic, nonionics and amphoteric) involved in the formation of emulsions and enhances their stability were discussed. Promising demulsifiers such as nanoparticle (NP), hyperbranched polymers, and ionic liquids (IL), which achieved high oil recovery rate, parameters influencing demulsification efficiency and demulsification mechanisms were explored. Lastly, improvements, challenges, and new changes being made to chemical demulsifiers were underlined. Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and hyperbranched polymers were very effective in recovering oil from O/W emulsions with an efficiency >95%. Polymers with highly hydrophilic content and high molecular weight can achieve excellent oil recovery rates due to higher interfacial activity, higher dispersion, and presence of specific functional groups. Although ionic liquids could achieve oil recovery up to 90%, high cost limits their applications. NPs showed excellent oil recovery behavior at low concentrations and ambient temperature. Demulsification efficiency of NPs can be enhanced by functionalize with other components (e.g., polymers and surfactants), while service life can be extend by silica coating. Future challenges include scaling up the use of NPs in oil recovery process and highlighting contrasts between lab-scale and field-scale applications.
Topics: Emulsions; Ionic Liquids; Silicon Dioxide; Surface-Active Agents; Water
PubMed: 34848221
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133099 -
Frontiers in Chemistry 2020Oil/water mixtures are a potentially major source of environmental pollution if efficient separation technology is not employed during processing. A large volume of... (Review)
Review
Oil/water mixtures are a potentially major source of environmental pollution if efficient separation technology is not employed during processing. A large volume of oil/water mixtures is produced via many manufacturing operations in food, petrochemical, mining, and metal industries and can be exposed to water sources on a regular basis. To date, several techniques are used in practice to deal with industrial oil/water mixtures and oil spills such as burning of oil, bioremediation, and solidifiers, which change the physical shape of oil as a result of chemical interaction. Physical separation of oil/water mixtures is in industrial practice; however, the existing technologies to do so often require either dissipation of large amounts of energy (such as in cyclones and hydrocyclones) or large residence times or inventories of fluids (such as in decanters). Recently, materials with selective wettability have gained attention for application in separation of oil/water mixtures and surfactant stabilized emulsions. For example, a superhydrophobic material is selectively wettable toward oil while having a poor affinity for the aqueous phase; therefore, a superhydrophobic porous material can easily adsorb the oil while completely rejecting the water from an oil/water mixture, thus physically separating the two components. The ease of separation, low cost, and low-energy requirements are some of the other advantages offered by these materials over existing practices of oil/water separation. The present review aims to focus on the surface engineering aspects to achieve selectively wettability in materials and its their relationship with the separation of oil/water mixtures with particular focus on emulsions, on factors contributing to their stability, and on how wettability can be helpful in their separation. Finally, the challenges in application of superwettable materials will be highlighted, and potential solutions to improve the application of these materials will be put forward.
PubMed: 33330349
DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00578 -
Lipid Insights 2016Castor oil, produced from castor beans, has long been considered to be of important commercial value primarily for the manufacturing of soaps, lubricants, and coatings,... (Review)
Review
Castor oil, produced from castor beans, has long been considered to be of important commercial value primarily for the manufacturing of soaps, lubricants, and coatings, among others. Global castor oil production is concentrated primarily in a small geographic region of Gujarat in Western India. This region is favorable due to its labor-intensive cultivation method and subtropical climate conditions. Entrepreneurs and castor processors in the United States and South America also cultivate castor beans but are faced with the challenge of achieving high castor oil production efficiency, as well as obtaining the desired oil quality. In this manuscript, we provide a detailed analysis of novel processing methods involved in castor oil production. We discuss novel processing methods by explaining specific processing parameters involved in castor oil production.
PubMed: 27656091
DOI: 10.4137/LPI.S40233 -
Food Chemistry Nov 2022Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is the most productive oil-producing crop per hectare of land. The oil that accumulates in the mesocarp tissue of the fruit is the...
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is the most productive oil-producing crop per hectare of land. The oil that accumulates in the mesocarp tissue of the fruit is the highest observed among fruit-producing plants. A comparative analysis between high-, medium-, and low-yielding oil palms, particularly during fruit development, revealed unique characteristics. Metabolomics analysis was able to distinguish accumulation patterns defining of the various developmental stages and oil yield. Interestingly, high- and medium-yielding oil palms exhibited substantially increased sucrose levels compared to low-yielding palms. In addition, parameters such as starch granule morphology, granule size, total starch content, and starch chain length distribution (CLD) differed significantly among the oil yield categories with a clear correlation between oil yield and various starch parameters. These results provide new insights into carbohydrate and starch metabolism for biosynthesis of oil palm fruits, indicating that starch and sucrose can be used as novel, easy-to-analyze, and reliable biomarker for oil yield.
Topics: Arecaceae; Biomarkers; Fruit; Palm Oil; Starch; Sucrose
PubMed: 35671660
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133361 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2021Vegetable oils (VOs), being our major dietary fat source, play a vital role in nourishment. Different VOs have highly contrasting fatty acid (FA) profiles and hence... (Review)
Review
Vegetable oils (VOs), being our major dietary fat source, play a vital role in nourishment. Different VOs have highly contrasting fatty acid (FA) profiles and hence possess varying levels of health protectiveness. Consumption of a single VO cannot meet the recommended allowances of various FA either from saturated FA (SFA), monounsaturated FA (MUFA), polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), Ω-3 PUFAs, and medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs). Coconut oil (CO), flaxseed oil (FO), olive oil (OO), and sunflower oil (SFO) are among the top listed contrast VOs that are highly appreciated based on their rich contents of SFAs, Ω-3 PUFAs, MUFAs, and Ω-6 PUFA, respectively. Besides being protective against various disease biomarkers, these contrasting VOs are still inappropriate when consumed alone in 100% of daily fat recommendations. This review compiles the available data on blending of such contrasting VOs into single tailored blended oil (BO) with suitable FA composition to meet the recommended levels of SFA, MUFA, PUFA, MCTs, and Ω-3 to Ω-6 PUFA ratios which could ultimately serve as a cost-effective dietary intervention towards the health protectiveness and improvement of the whole population in general. The blending of any two or more VOs from CO, FO, OO, and SFO in the form of binary, ternary, or another type of blending was found to be very conclusive towards balancing FA composition; enhancing physiochemical and stability properties; and promising the therapeutic protectiveness of the resultant BOs.
Topics: Coconut Oil; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Humans; Linseed Oil; Olive Oil; Plant Oils; Sunflower Oil; Triglycerides
PubMed: 34885769
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237187