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Perception 2008
Topics: Astronomy; Humans; Ophthalmoscopes; Photography; Visual Perception
PubMed: 18853550
DOI: 10.1068/p3708ed -
Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) Aug 2014This review focuses on aspects of retinal and optic nerve ischemia that may be encountered by neurologists. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review focuses on aspects of retinal and optic nerve ischemia that may be encountered by neurologists.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent guidelines have emphasized the similarities between cerebral and retinal ischemia in terms of etiologic workup, acute management, and subsequent stroke risk. However, although ischemic optic neuropathies reflect optic nerve ischemia, they result from local small vessel disease and are not associated with a higher risk of cerebral infarction. Their management is therefore very different from acute cerebral ischemia. It is essential to rule out giant cell arteritis in all patients with acute retinal or optic nerve ischemia.
SUMMARY
Because the eye is vascularized by branches of the internal carotid artery, retinal ischemic symptoms are common in patients with anterior circulation ischemic strokes. Patients with central retinal artery occlusion, whether permanent or transient (responsible for transient visual loss), need to be evaluated and managed emergently similar to patients with cerebral ischemia, while anterior and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy are more concerning for giant cell arteritis.
Topics: Aged; Brain Ischemia; Diabetic Retinopathy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ophthalmoscopes; Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic; Retina; Retinal Vessels; Stroke
PubMed: 25099097
DOI: 10.1212/01.CON.0000453315.82884.a1 -
Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2022To explore the perioperative nursing methods and clinical effects of vitrectomy under ophthalmoscope in the treatment of severe ocular rupture, this study reviews the...
To explore the perioperative nursing methods and clinical effects of vitrectomy under ophthalmoscope in the treatment of severe ocular rupture, this study reviews the clinical effects of vitrectomy in the treatment of severe ocular trauma in China, analyzes the perioperative nursing of vitrectomy for ocular trauma under the guidance of an ophthalmoscope, and analyzes the importance of stage I debridement and suture, the choice of operation time, and the advantages of vitrectomy and perioperative nursing care. The retrospective analysis of these data shows that the clinical effect of peri-vitrectomy for ocular trauma under the guidance of an ophthalmoscope is accurate, and surgical treatment should be carried out as soon as possible according to the patient's condition, which can reduce the complications of suppurative ophthalmitis, eyeball atrophy, and vitreous rebleeding. Perioperative nursing intervention is beneficial to the recovery of visual acuity in patients with severe ocular rupture treated by vitrectomy under the ophthalmoscope, which is worthy of clinical promotion.
Topics: Eye Injuries; Humans; Ophthalmoscopes; Perioperative Nursing; Retrospective Studies; Vitrectomy
PubMed: 36072637
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8906306 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jun 2022Comparison of patient satisfaction with red-free (green) versus yellow light using binocular indirect ophthalmoscope for retinal examination. (Observational Study)
Observational Study Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
Comparison of patient satisfaction with red-free (green) versus yellow light using binocular indirect ophthalmoscope for retinal examination.
METHODS
This is an observational questionnaire-based study of 100 myopes in the age group of 18-40 years coming for a routine check-up or for refractive surgery workup. The examination was done using an indirect ophthalmoscope and a 20D lens with green or yellow light and was assigned in two groups randomly using the coin toss method, following which, a questionnaire was used to assess the following parameters: a) level of comfort, b) any complaints of discomfort during examination, d) preference of the used light source in future, e) grading of discomfort on a linear scale, and f) patient cooperation and duration of examination.
RESULTS
Patients were randomized for observation with IDO using either green light (n = 55) or yellow light (n = 45) filter. In the study, 46 patients (83.6%) were very comfortable and only 9 patients (16.4%) experienced mild discomfort when using red-free (green) light, while only 3 patients (6.7%) were very comfortable and 31 (68.9%) had mild discomfort when using yellow light. The complaints of watering with yellow and green light were noted in 36 patients (80.0%) and 15 patients (27.3%), pain in 13 patients (28.9%) and 3 patients (5.5%), light sensitivity in 29 patients (64.4%) and 4 patients (7.3%), respectively, all being significantly more in yellow light category (P < 0.001). The time of examination was significantly more in yellow light category with 83 ± 10.75 seconds (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Retinal examination using the green filter of indirect ophthalmoscope is more comfortable in examining the patients as compared to routine yellow light with decreased number of complaints, lesser examination time, and better patient cooperation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Humans; Ophthalmology; Ophthalmoscopes; Patient Satisfaction; Physical Examination; Young Adult
PubMed: 35647977
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_3079_21 -
Transactions of the American... 1983The following is a brief summary of the results in our ten groups of cases. The positive features of laser scotometry are emphasized. The normal response is well...
The following is a brief summary of the results in our ten groups of cases. The positive features of laser scotometry are emphasized. The normal response is well defined: there are no uncertain blind spot margins. The peripheral field is probably extended beyond 60 degrees nasally and superiorly. The size and shape of the small central scotomas associated with macular holes are easily defined and correlated directly with the visible edge of the hole. This result is distinct from the intact subjective response with cystoid maculopathy and surface wrinkling retinopathy. Plotting the margins of peripheral abnormalities such as retinal detachments, retinoschisis, and lattice degeneration is easily done. Schisis is distinguished by an absolute scotoma. This scotometry is facilitated by a larger "normal" field with the laser instrument. Lattice degeneration causes a field defect. A branch retinal artery occlusion shows a slightly jagged border, difficult to detect by standard methods. A cotton-wool spot does not show a total nerve-fiber-bundle defect. Small absolute scotomas are correlated with degenerative changes within nevi. Degenerative changes over small melanomas--ie, the orange spots--also produce absolute field defects. "Bear track" lesions have a normal field, whereas dense black isolated lesions are associated with absolute scotomas. In macular degeneration the bright laser test object is usually visible to the patient within detachments of neuroepithelium, detachments of the pigment epithelium, and over recent subretinal neovascularization. Response is absent over sharply-defined zones of pigment atrophy and over late subretinal fibrovascular mounds. In contrast to the degenerative cases, a selection of hereditary cases showed no direct correlation between the zone of pigment atrophy and the zone of absolute scotoma. The scotoma was much larger than the atrophic region, extending to the edge of the cream-colored subretinal spots. The laser target method sharply defines the absolute scotoma associated with papilledema. It also detects a slit-like nerve-fiber-bundle defect, suggesting progressive damage. Small, but possibly not the earliest, scotomas associated with glaucoma can be detected with laser scotometry. In some cases they are detected when the Goldmann perimetric field is normal. Late residual visual fields are easily defined, since fixation can be directly monitored. The vertical border of hemianopic defects can be defined within one degree of accuracy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Fundus Oculi; Glaucoma; Hemianopsia; Humans; Lasers; Macular Degeneration; Male; Middle Aged; Ophthalmoscopes; Ophthalmoscopy; Retinal Degeneration; Retinal Detachment; Retinal Diseases; Retinal Perforations; Retinal Vessels; Scotoma; Visual Field Tests
PubMed: 6676979
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Ophthalmologica Feb 2015Prophylactic treatment of retinal breaks has been examined in several studies and reviews, but so far, no studies have successfully applied a systematic approach. In the... (Review)
Review
Prophylactic treatment of retinal breaks has been examined in several studies and reviews, but so far, no studies have successfully applied a systematic approach. In the present systematic review, we examined the need of follow-up after posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) - diagnosed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy or Goldmann 3-mirror examination - with regard to retinal breaks as well as the indication of prophylactic treatment in asymptomatic and symptomatic breaks. A total of 2941 publications were identified with PubMed and Medline searches. Two manual search strategies were used for papers in English published before 2012. Four levels of screening identified 13 studies suitable for inclusion in this systematic review. No meta-analysis was conducted as no data suitable for statistical analysis were identified. In total, the initial examination after symptomatic PVD identified 85-95% of subsequent retinal breaks. Additional retinal breaks were only revealed at follow-up in patients where a full retinal examination was compromised at presentation by, for example, vitreous haemorrhage. Asymptomatic and symptomatic retinal breaks progressed to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in 0-13.8% and 35-47% of cases, respectively. The cumulated incidence of RRD despite prophylactic treatment was 2.1-8.8%. The findings in this review suggest that follow-up after symptomatic PVD is only necessary in cases of incomplete retinal examination at presentation. Prophylactic treatment of symptomatic retinal breaks must be considered, whereas no unequivocal conclusion could be reached with regard to prophylactic treatment of asymptomatic retinal breaks.
Topics: Cryosurgery; Humans; Laser Coagulation; Retinal Detachment; Retinal Perforations; Slit Lamp; Vitreous Detachment
PubMed: 24853827
DOI: 10.1111/aos.12447 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Apr 2021
Topics: Humans; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Slit Lamp; Slit Lamp Microscopy; Vision Tests
PubMed: 33727479
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2957_20 -
European Neurology 2009The origins of Helmholtz's invention of the ophthalmoscope are found in the ancient observation that the back of the eye appeared black. In 1703, Jean Méry reported...
The origins of Helmholtz's invention of the ophthalmoscope are found in the ancient observation that the back of the eye appeared black. In 1703, Jean Méry reported that the luminosity of the cat's eye could be seen when the animal was held under water, and Mariotte observed that a dog's eye was luminous but erroneously thought this was because its choroid was white. Prévost made a breakthrough when he deduced it was incident light and not light coming out of the eye. Purkinje and von Brucke used lenses to attempt to see the fundus and almost succeeded. However, it was Helmholtz who created the first useable ophthalmoscope, whose development and clinical application are traced in this paper. One of the greatest physical scientists in many spheres of learning, his biography is briefly sketched.
Topics: Equipment Design; Eye; Fundus Oculi; Germany; History, 19th Century; Humans; Ophthalmoscopes; Ophthalmoscopy
PubMed: 19182487
DOI: 10.1159/000198418 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Mar 2023Toric Intraocular lenses (IOLs) are supposed to be aligned at a particular axis for spectacle-free vision for distance. The evolution of topographers and optical...
BACKGROUND
Toric Intraocular lenses (IOLs) are supposed to be aligned at a particular axis for spectacle-free vision for distance. The evolution of topographers and optical biometers has made it quite achievable for us to aim the target. However, the result sometimes remains unpredictable. A big aspect of this depends on the preop axis marking for toric IOL alignment. Errors in axis marking have been reduced recently with the array of different toric markers in the market, but still we see postoperative refractive surprises due to faulty marking.
PURPOSE
In this video, we present a novel slit lamp-based toric marker innovation, STORM, which gives us a hands-free approach to a reliable and accurate axis marking on the cornea. The axis marker is a simple modification to our age-old marker, with the advantage of no touch and slit-lamp assistance, which will make it error free and easy to use.
SYNOPSIS
The present innovation answers the problem statement of stable, economical, and accurate marking solution. Many a times, hand-holding devices create inaccurate and stressed condition while marking the cornea before corneal surgery.
HIGHLIGHTS
The invention can be used for marking of accurate and easy astigmatic axis of a toric IOL preoperatively, that is, before the surgery. If the appropriate device is used to mark the cornea, it would impact the outcome of surgery. This device also makes the patient and the surgeon comfortable to mark the cornea with accuracy and without hesitation.
VIDEO LINK
https://youtu.be/4MVM7HRwz70.
Topics: Humans; Cornea; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lenses, Intraocular; Ophthalmology; Slit Lamp
PubMed: 36872756
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_2779_22