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Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Mar 2018Objective: To develop a mass media campaign on oral carcinogens and their effects on the oral cavity in order to increase awareness among the general population....
Objective: To develop a mass media campaign on oral carcinogens and their effects on the oral cavity in order to increase awareness among the general population. Methods: Documentary and public service announcements highlighting the effects of tobacco and its products were designed and developed based on principles of behavior change. A questionnaire, designed to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of people regarding oral carcinogens, was used to conduct a baseline survey at various sites in eastern Nepal. Local television channels and radio stations broadcasted the documentary and public service announcements. An evaluation survey was then performed to assess the effectiveness of the campaign. Results: Baseline and evaluation surveys covered 1,972 and 2,140 individuals, respectively. A third of the baseline population consumed quid, 22% chewing tobacco, 16% gutka (commercial preparation of arecanut, tobacco, lime and chemicals) and 25% cigarettes. Tobacco consumption differed significantly between 3 ecologic regions with greater use in the Terai region. The knowledge prevalence regarding the oral carcinogens quid (70%), chewing tobacco (82%), gutka (58%) and cigarettes (93%) significantly increased in the evaluation population. Females were more aware about the various tobacco products and their effects on health. More people knew about the harmful effects of tobacco on their health and oral cavity, and had their mouth examined and the frequency of consumption of these products reduced significantly after the campaign. Attitudes towards production, sale and advertisements of tobacco also improved significantly. Conclusions: The mass media campaign was an effective tool for increasing awareness among the population.
Topics: Adult; Carcinogens; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Promotion; Humans; Male; Mass Media; Mouth; Nepal; Prognosis; Smoking Prevention; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use; Tobacco, Smokeless
PubMed: 29582640
DOI: 10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.3.819 -
International Dental Journal Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Mouth; Athletic Injuries; Dentistry; Mouth Protectors; Tooth Injuries; Equipment Design
PubMed: 36653074
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.11.015 -
Odontology Jul 2018The aims of this study were to reveal the usefulness of a newly developed method for measuring tongue volume (TV) and oral cavity capacity (OCC) and to assess the...
The aims of this study were to reveal the usefulness of a newly developed method for measuring tongue volume (TV) and oral cavity capacity (OCC) and to assess the relationship between them. The tongue was coated with a contrast agent, and the TV and OCC were determined using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). We enrolled 20 adults who were scheduled to undergo CBCT to evaluate the relationship of the third molar roots to the alveolar nerve before molar extraction. Each participant's tongue was coated with a contrast agent, and CBCT of the tongue and oral cavity was performed. Using computer software, we evaluated reconstructed 3D images of the TV, oral cavity proper volume (OCPV), and OCC. The mean TV was 47.07 ± 7.08 cm. The mean OCPV and OCC were 4.40 ± 2.78 cm and 51.47 ± 6.46 cm, respectively. There was a significant correlation between TV and OCC (r = 0.920; p < 0.01) but not between TV and OCPV. The mean TV/OCC ratio was 91 ± 5%. The proposed method produced CBCT images that enabled effective measurement of TV and OCC. This simple method of measuring TV and OCC will be useful in the diagnosis on the tongues with abnormal size.
Topics: Adult; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Contrast Media; Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Mouth; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Tongue
PubMed: 29468332
DOI: 10.1007/s10266-017-0335-0 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Dec 2007A torn labial frenum is widely regarded as pathognomonic of abuse. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
A torn labial frenum is widely regarded as pathognomonic of abuse.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed the evidence for this, and to define other intra-oral injuries found in physical abuse. Nine studies documented abusive torn labial frena in 27 children and 24 [corrected] were fatally abused: 22 were less than 5 years old. Only a direct blow to the face was substantiated as a mechanism of injury.
RESULTS
Two studies noted accidentally torn labial frena, both from intubation. Abusive intra-oral injuries were widely distributed to the lips, gums, tongue and palate and included fractures, intrusion and extraction of the dentition, bites and contusions.
CONCLUSIONS
Current literature does not support the diagnosis of abuse based on a torn labial frenum in isolation. The intra-oral hard and soft tissue should be examined in all suspected abuse cases, and a dental opinion sought where abnormalities are found.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Abuse; Child, Preschool; Gingiva; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Labial Frenum; Lacerations; Lip; Mouth; Palate; Tooth Injuries
PubMed: 17468129
DOI: 10.1136/adc.2006.113001 -
Journal of Dental Research Jun 2020The oral microbiome is one of the most stable ecosystems in the body and yet the reasons for this are still unclear. As well as being stable, it is also highly diverse... (Review)
Review
The oral microbiome is one of the most stable ecosystems in the body and yet the reasons for this are still unclear. As well as being stable, it is also highly diverse which can be ascribed to the variety of niches available in the mouth. Previous studies have focused on the microflora in disease-either caries or periodontitis-and only recently have they considered factors that maintain the normal microflora. This has led to the perception that the microflora proliferate in nutrient-rich periods during oral processing of foods and drinks and starves in between times. In this review, evidence is presented which shows that the normal flora are maintained on a diet of salivary factors including urea, lactate, and salivary protein degradation. These factors are actively secreted by salivary glands which suggests these factors are important in maintaining normal commensals in the mouth. In addition, the immobilization of SIgA in the mucosal pellicle indicates a mechanism to retain certain bacteria that does not rely on the bacterial-centric mechanisms such as adhesins. By examining the salivary metabolome, it is clear that protein degradation is a key nutrient and the availability of free amino acids increases resistance to environmental stresses.
Topics: Dental Pellicle; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Microbiota; Mouth; Saliva; Salivary Proteins and Peptides
PubMed: 32283990
DOI: 10.1177/0022034520915486 -
Chemical Senses Jun 2009Multiple putative free fatty acid (FFA) transduction mechanisms have been identified in the oral cavity. They reportedly differ in their distribution on the tongue and...
Multiple putative free fatty acid (FFA) transduction mechanisms have been identified in the oral cavity. They reportedly differ in their distribution on the tongue and each has a unique range of ligand specificities. This suggests that there should be regional differences in sensory responses to varying FFAs. This was assessed through spatial testing with caproic (C), lauric (L), and stearic (S) FFAs among 35 healthy adults. Stimuli were applied to the fungiform (FU), foliate (FO), and circumvallate (CV) papillae with a cotton-tipped applicator. Oral detection thresholds were measured by an ascending, 3-alternative, forced-choice, sip and spit procedure. Intensity ratings were obtained on the general labeled magnitude scale. Nongustatory cues were minimized by testing with the nares blocked, eyes covered, and by masking tactile cues with the addition of gum acacia and mineral oil to the stimuli vehicle. Thresholds were obtained from nearly all individuals at each site, and the concentration was similar across the 3 FFAs. Absolute intensity ratings differed significantly with C > L > S overall and at the CV and FO papillae. At the FU papillae, the L and S ratings were comparable. Ratings were highest at the FU followed by the CV and then the FO papillae. Slopes of the concentration-intensity rating functions were higher for L compared with C and S at the CV papillae as well as both L and C compared with S at the FO papillae. However, overall, slopes were comparable across sites. These findings strengthen evidence for oral FFA perception in humans by replicating threshold sensitivity findings and documenting monotonic scaling ability for these stimuli. Further, they challenge current views on transduction as sensory responsiveness was observed at tongue sites not predicted to support FFA detection.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Caproates; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Humans; Lauric Acids; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Stearic Acids; Taste Buds; Taste Threshold; Tongue
PubMed: 19357229
DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjp015 -
European Journal of Histochemistry : EJH Feb 2020Angiogenesis is an important issue related to normal growth and differentiation, and it is a critical issue in the progression of human disease in oral mucosa. Tooth...
Angiogenesis is an important issue related to normal growth and differentiation, and it is a critical issue in the progression of human disease in oral mucosa. Tooth marks occur after clenching the teeth for a long period under muscle tension in the human oral cavity. However, the sites of angiogenesis, cell differentiation and microvessel density are not known for human mucosa with tooth marks. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the markers of differentiation (Ki-67), angiogenesis (CD31, D2-40, VEGF-A), and marks from teeth in the second molar region using immunohistochemical methods. In addition, we compared these areas with the mucous membrane. Our results revealed blood and lymphoid vessels in irregular mucosa structures, and the vessels in the oral mucosa were observed in three types of samples: dentulous, denture attachment (containing partial teeth), and edentulous samples. The localization of the angiogenesis was related to the structure of the oral mucosa of connective tissue in humans, such as the mucosal fold-like of the buccal region. Using principal component analysis (PCA), we found that tooth occlusal condition, gender, anti-VEGF-A reaction levels in oral mucosa of the epithelium were positive factors in all groups, which is in contrast to the negative association of Ki-67 reaction in the epithelium and CD31 expression. In addition, Ki-67 reaction in oral mucosa had negative impacts, in contrast to the positive association of D2-40. These PCA properties provide useful information for future study of tumour progression or mechanical stress in remodelling of oral mucosa and angiogenesis. Moreover, mechanical stress of the occlusal condition may be correlated with tumour angiogenic activity and cell differentiation in human oral mucosa.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Ki-67 Antigen; Lip; Lymphatic Vessels; Male; Microvessels; Mouth Mucosa; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Principal Component Analysis; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 32214280
DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3095 -
Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia =... 2015This study aimed to identify factors associated with the occurrence of primary cancer of the lip and oral cavity regions compared to other types of head and neck cancers...
PURPOSE
This study aimed to identify factors associated with the occurrence of primary cancer of the lip and oral cavity regions compared to other types of head and neck cancers according to demographic, socioeconomic data and lifestyle, in Brazil, from 2000 to 2011.
METHODS
A study was conducted using Hospital Cancer Records (Instituto Nacional do Câncer), from 2000 to 2011, totaling 23,153 cases. Data were analyzed by binary logistic regression (response category: primary cancers located in the lip and oral cavity; comparison category; other types of primary cancer in the head and neck, which does not affect the lip and oral cavity) at a significance level α = 5%.
RESULTS
The study showed factors associated with higher incidence of cancer in the lip and oral cavity: being of advanced age (OR = 1.16), not having a family history of cancer (OR = 2.38), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.17); former tobacco use (OR = 1.51) or current tobacco use (OR = 1.65); having a previous diagnosis of cancer without treatment (OR =1.66). Being female (OR = 0.92), having completed basic (OR = 0.71) and higher (OR = 0.46) education and having previous diagnosis of cancer with treatment (OR = 0.74) constituted factors associated with lower prevalence of cancer of the lip and oral cavity.
CONCLUSION
Age, absence of family history of cancer, smoking habits and alcohol consumption, and previous diagnosis of cancer without treatment were associated with a higher incidence of cancer of the lip and oral cavity.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Brazil; Female; Humans; Lip; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Mouth Neoplasms; Prevalence; Smoking
PubMed: 26247186
DOI: 10.1590/1980-5497201500030008 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Nov 1992This article describes the technique of taking intraoral radiographs and developing film. Interpretation of oral radiographs is described. Radiation safety is reviewed.... (Review)
Review
This article describes the technique of taking intraoral radiographs and developing film. Interpretation of oral radiographs is described. Radiation safety is reviewed. A troubleshooting section is included.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Mouth; Radiation Protection; Radiography, Dental; Temporomandibular Joint; Tooth; X-Ray Film
PubMed: 1455573
DOI: 10.1016/s0195-5616(92)50127-9 -
BMC Research Notes Feb 2018Aspirin is a commonly used medicine for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. It is an acidic medicine associated with gastric irritation and acid...
OBJECTIVE
Aspirin is a commonly used medicine for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. It is an acidic medicine associated with gastric irritation and acid reflux, which in turn can lead to low oral pH levels. Therefore, it is important to understand the association between aspirin and oral pH levels in order to achieve an optimum oral health condition among patients who take aspirin on prescription.
RESULTS
Out of 373 patients, 162 (44%) were males and 245 (66%) were on aspirin. 71% of aspirin taking patients and 29% of non-aspirin taking patients had oral pH less than 6.5 (P < 0.01). Aspirin showed a significant association with low oral pH levels (odds ratio = 1.91, 95% CI 1.23-2.99, P < 0.01). 78 patients were given antacids and followed up for 4 weeks, 63 of them (81%) showed an improvement in oral pH and the improvement was marked in the group who had oral pH between 5.5-6.0 compared to the group who had oral pH between 6.0-6.5 (P = 0.03). The results show that aspirin therapy is associated with low oral pH and administration of an antacid with aspirin helps to increase the oral pH level.
Topics: Aged; Antacids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth
PubMed: 29458438
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3247-3