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The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal Dec 2023Cast application is a critical portion of pediatric orthopaedic surgery training and is being performed by a growing number of non-orthopaedic clinicians including... (Review)
Review
Cast application is a critical portion of pediatric orthopaedic surgery training and is being performed by a growing number of non-orthopaedic clinicians including primary care physicians and advanced practice providers (APPs). Given the tremendous remodeling potential of pediatric fractures, correct cast placement often serves as the definitive treatment in this age population as long as alignment is maintained. Proper cast application technique is typically taught through direct supervision from more senior clinicians, with little literature and few resources available for providers to review during the learning process. Given the myriad complications that can result from cast application or removal, including pressure sores and cast saw burns, a thorough review of proper cast technique is warranted. This review and technique guide attempts to illustrate appropriate upper and lower extremity fiberglass cast application (and waterproof casts), including pearls and pitfalls of cast placement. This basic guide may serve as a resource for all orthopaedic and non-orthopaedicproviders, including residents, APPs, and medical students in training. Level of Evidence: IV.
Topics: Humans; Child; Casts, Surgical; Orthopedics; Internship and Residency; Fractures, Bone; Burns
PubMed: 38213863
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related... Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Orthopedics; Curriculum; Education, Medical, Graduate; Educational Status; Internship and Residency
PubMed: 36374583
DOI: 10.1097/CORR.0000000000002477 -
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related... Sep 2016Orthopaedic surgery now has the lowest percentage of women in residency programs of any surgical specialty. Understanding factors, particularly those related to the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Orthopaedic surgery now has the lowest percentage of women in residency programs of any surgical specialty. Understanding factors, particularly those related to the medical school experience, that contribute to the specialty's inability to draw from the best women students is crucial to improving diversity in the profession.
QUESTIONS/PURPOSES
(1) Does required medical school exposure to orthopaedic surgery increase the proportion of women choosing the specialty? (2) Do negative perceptions deter women from choosing orthopaedic surgery? (3) What proportion of orthopaedic faculty members are women, and what proportion of residents are women? (4) To what degree has gender bias been identified in the application/interview process?
METHODS
Two PubMed searches of articles between 2005 and 2015 were performed using a combination of medical subject headings. The first search combined "Orthopaedics" with "Physicians, women" and phrases "women surgeons" or "female surgeons" and the second combined "Orthopedics" with "Internship & Residency" or "exp Education, Medical" and "Sex Ratio" or "Sex Factors", resulting in 46 publications of which all abstracts were reviewed resulting in 11 manuscripts that were related to the research questions. The Google Scholar search of "women in orthopaedic surgery" identified one additional publication. These 12 manuscripts were read and bibliographies of each reviewed with two additional publications identified and included.
RESULTS
Required exposure to orthopaedics was found to be positively associated with the number of women applicants to the field, whereas negative perceptions have been reported to deter women from choosing orthopaedic surgery. Orthopaedics has the lowest percentage of women faculty and women residents (14%) compared with other specialties; this suggests that same gender mentorship opportunities are limited. For women applying to orthopaedics, gender bias is most evident through illegal interview questions, in which women are asked such questions more often than men (such as family planning questions, asked to 61% of women versus 8% of men).
CONCLUSIONS
Successful recruitment of women to orthopaedic surgery may be improved by early exposure and access to role models, both of which will help women students' perceptions of their role in field of orthopaedic surgery.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Career Choice; Curriculum; Education, Medical, Graduate; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Internship and Residency; Male; Mentors; Orthopedic Surgeons; Orthopedics; Perception; Personnel Selection; Physicians, Women; Sex Factors; Sexism; Students, Medical; Women, Working
PubMed: 27084717
DOI: 10.1007/s11999-016-4830-3 -
Journal of Perioperative Practice Mar 2021This literature review aims to provide an account of the changes to orthopaedics in the era of COVID-19. Herein, the authors explored the use of telemedicine in... (Review)
Review
This literature review aims to provide an account of the changes to orthopaedics in the era of COVID-19. Herein, the authors explored the use of telemedicine in orthopaedics as well as changes in surgical protocols, screening methods, work priorities and orthopaedic education. There was increased utilisation of telemedicine in orthopaedic training and outpatient cases as a means to provide continuity in education and care. The need to implement social distancing measures, coupled with the reduced availability of staff, has dictated that the practice of orthopaedics shifts to focus on acute care whilst redistributing resources to front-line specialities. This was facilitated by the cancellation of electives and the reduction of outpatient clinics. Thus, it is demonstrated that major changes have been implemented in many aspects of orthopaedic practice in order to address the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Topics: COVID-19; Elective Surgical Procedures; Humans; Orthopedic Procedures; Orthopedics; Pandemics; Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; Telemedicine
PubMed: 33550921
DOI: 10.1177/1750458920971506 -
Laeknabladid Jun 2019
Topics: Humans; Iceland; Orthopedic Procedures; Orthopedics
PubMed: 31192787
DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2019.06.233 -
Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery &... Feb 2022
Topics: Humans; Orthopedic Procedures; Orthopedics; Traumatology
PubMed: 34902594
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2021.103177 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Research :... Jan 2016There is a clear discrepancy between the growth of cell therapy and tissue engineering research in orthopaedics over the last two decades and the number of approved... (Review)
Review
There is a clear discrepancy between the growth of cell therapy and tissue engineering research in orthopaedics over the last two decades and the number of approved clinical therapies and products available to patients. At the 2015 annual meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, a workshop was held to highlight important considerations from the perspectives of an academic scientist, clinical researcher, and industry representative with the aim of helping researchers to successfully translate their ideas into clinical and commercial reality. Survey data acquired from workshop participants indicated an overall positive opinion on the future potential of cell-based therapies to make a significant contribution to orthopaedic medicine. The survey also indicated an agreement on areas requiring improvement in the development of new therapies, specifically; increased support for fundamental research and education and improved transparency of regulatory processes. This perspectives article summarises the content and conclusions of the workshop and puts forward suggestions on how translational success of cell-based therapies in orthopaedics may be achieved.
Topics: Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Humans; Orthopedics; Tissue Engineering; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 26403666
DOI: 10.1002/jor.23055 -
The Journal of Arthroplasty Apr 2023Correlations in observational studies are commonly misinterpreted as causation. Although correlation is necessary to establish a causal relationship between two... (Review)
Review
Correlations in observational studies are commonly misinterpreted as causation. Although correlation is necessary to establish a causal relationship between two variables, correlations may also arise due to chance, reverse causality, or confounding. There are several methods available to orthopaedic researchers to determine whether the observed correlations are causal. These methods depend on the key components of the study including, but not limited to, study design and data availability on confounders. In this article, we illustrate the main concepts surrounding correlation and causation using intuitive real-world examples from the orthopaedic literature. Please visit the following https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WW7pFudZbHA&t=52s for a video that explains the highlights of the paper in practical terms.
Topics: Humans; Orthopedics; Causality; Research Design
PubMed: 36481283
DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2022.11.019 -
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology,... Nov 2023To investigate the potential use of large language models (LLMs) in orthopaedics by presenting queries pertinent to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery to...
PURPOSE
To investigate the potential use of large language models (LLMs) in orthopaedics by presenting queries pertinent to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery to generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT, specifically using its GPT-4 model of March 14th 2023). Additionally, this study aimed to evaluate the depth of the LLM's knowledge and investigate its adaptability to different user groups. It was hypothesized that the ChatGPT would be able to adapt to different target groups due to its strong language understanding and processing capabilities.
METHODS
ChatGPT was presented with 20 questions and response was requested for two distinct target audiences: patients and non-orthopaedic medical doctors. Two board-certified orthopaedic sports medicine surgeons and two expert orthopaedic sports medicine surgeons independently evaluated the responses generated by ChatGPT. Mean correctness, completeness, and adaptability to the target audiences (patients and non-orthopaedic medical doctors) were determined. A three-point response scale facilitated nuanced assessment.
RESULTS
ChatGPT exhibited fair accuracy, with average correctness scores of 1.69 and 1.66 (on a scale from 0, incorrect, 1, partially correct, to 2, correct) for patients and medical doctors, respectively. Three of the 20 questions (15.0%) were deemed incorrect by any of the four orthopaedic sports medicine surgeon assessors. Moreover, overall completeness was calculated to be 1.51 and 1.64 for patients and medical doctors, respectively, while overall adaptiveness was determined to be 1.75 and 1.73 for patients and doctors, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Overall, ChatGPT was successful in generating correct responses in approximately 65% of the cases related to ACL surgery. The findings of this study imply that LLMs offer potential as a supplementary tool for acquiring orthopaedic knowledge. However, although ChatGPT can provide guidance and effectively adapt to diverse target audiences, it cannot supplant the expertise of orthopaedic sports medicine surgeons in diagnostic and treatment planning endeavours due to its limited understanding of orthopaedic domains and its potential for erroneous responses.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
V.
Topics: Humans; Orthopedics; Orthopedic Procedures; Orthopedic Surgeons; Anterior Cruciate Ligament; Language
PubMed: 37553552
DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07529-2 -
Acta Orthopaedica Et Traumatologica... Oct 2016The aim of this study was to present characteristics and publication patterns of studies arise from orthopedic theses obtained from National Thesis Center; database in... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to present characteristics and publication patterns of studies arise from orthopedic theses obtained from National Thesis Center; database in terms of publication years, study types, topics, level of evidence between 1974 and 2014.
METHODS
Firstly, National Thesis Center database was searched for orthopedics and Traumatology theses. The theses, which their summary or full text were available were included in the study. The topics, study types and quality of study designs were reviewed. Then theses were searched in the PubMed database. Journals of published theses were classified according to category, scope and impact factors of the year 2014.
RESULTS
1508 theses were included into the study. Clinical studies comprised 71,7% of the theses, while 25,6% of the theses were non-clinical experimental and 2,7% of the theses were observational studies. Clinical studies were Level I in 8,6% (n = 93) and Level II in 5,8% of the theses (n = 63). A total of 224 theses (14,9%) were published in the journals indexed in PubMed database from 1974 to 2012. Fifty-two (23,2%) were published in SCI; 136 theses (60,7%) were published in SCI-E journals and 36 theses (16%) were published in other Journals indexed in PubMed.
CONCLUSION
The quantity and quality of published theses need to be improved and effective measures should be taken to promote quality of theses. Theses from universities and Training hospitals which did not allow open access, and; incomplete records of the National Thesis Center database were major limitations of this study.
Topics: Bibliometrics; Orthopedics; PubMed; Publishing; Traumatology; Turkey
PubMed: 27839943
DOI: 10.1016/j.aott.2016.03.001