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Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Jul 2015MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that provide an endogenous negative feedback mechanism for translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein. Single miRNAs can... (Review)
Review
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that provide an endogenous negative feedback mechanism for translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein. Single miRNAs can regulate hundreds of mRNAs, enabling miRNAs to orchestrate robust biological responses by simultaneously impacting multiple gene networks. MiRNAs can act as master regulators of normal and pathological tissue development, homeostasis, and repair, which has motivated expanding efforts toward the development of technologies for therapeutically modulating miRNA activity for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. This review highlights the tools currently available for miRNA inhibition and their recent therapeutic applications for improving tissue repair.
Topics: Bone and Bones; Cicatrix; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Inflammation; Kidney; Liver; MicroRNAs; Muscle, Skeletal; Myocardium; Neovascularization, Pathologic; RNA, Messenger; Regeneration; Regenerative Medicine; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Wound Healing
PubMed: 25553957
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.12.006 -
Urology Annals 2017Adrenal myelolipomas are rare adrenal tumors generally diagnosed incidentally. A 42-year-old female reported to us with complaints of left flank pain attributable to her...
Adrenal myelolipomas are rare adrenal tumors generally diagnosed incidentally. A 42-year-old female reported to us with complaints of left flank pain attributable to her left ureteric calculi. On evaluation, a large adrenal mass was diagnosed along with hypercortisolism. After adrenalectomy, the histopathology revealed adrenal myelolipoma along with osseous metaplasia not reported in English literature, to the best of our knowledge till date.
PubMed: 28216934
DOI: 10.4103/0974-7796.198841 -
Comparative Medicine Dec 2021In this case study, 15 adult laboratory (7 adult males and 8 adult females) were examined for nodular enlargements of the clawed digits (digits 0, I, II, and III) on...
In this case study, 15 adult laboratory (7 adult males and 8 adult females) were examined for nodular enlargements of the clawed digits (digits 0, I, II, and III) on the hind feet. Radiographs showed smoothly margined, rounded, peripherally mineralized lesions arising from the distal phalanges of digits 0-III with osteoproductive and osteolytic components in all frogs. Micro computed tomography (microCT) scans further revealed interphalangeal (IP), metacarpophalangeal (MCP), and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint osteoarthritis characterized by periarticular new bone formation, rounded mineral foci both peripherally and centrally within the joints, and more rarely, linear mineralization palmar/plantar to the joints in the flexor tendons. In the nonclawed digits, the shape of the distal phalanx was variably distorted and both subluxation and malangulation of IP joints were identified. Histologically, nodules corresponded to a peripheral rim of mature cortical bone surrounding central adipose tissue, scattered hematopoietic elements, and residual bone of the distal phalanx. Occasionally, the peripheral rim of cortical bone extended proximally to encompass the distal aspect of adjacent phalanx. MCP, MTP and IP joint spaces of most digits exhibited widespread osteoarthritis characterized by periarticular cartilaginous or osseous metaplasia, bony remodeling, and less frequently, granulomatous osteomyelitis. Nutritional analyses of the feed did not indicate imbalances nor were the lesions consistent with metabolic bone disease. The exact etiopathogenesis of these lesions is unknown; however, we hypothesize that the osteoarthritic changes are due to a combination of the frogs' mature age, the unique structure of the spp. claw, genetics and biomechanical forces on the digits and distal phalanges of the hind feet.
Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Female; Laboratories; Male; Radiography; X-Ray Microtomography; Xenopus laevis
PubMed: 34794532
DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000061 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Aug 2019Spinal psammomatous meningioma with calcification is commonly observed, but distinctive osseous differentiation rarely occurs. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Spinal psammomatous meningioma with calcification is commonly observed, but distinctive osseous differentiation rarely occurs.
CASE PRESENTATION
Here, we described a 52-year-old female complaining of chronic back pain for 5 years. CT and MRI examinations revealed an intradural extramedullary mass at the T4 level. The tumor was meticulously excised en bloc. Under the microscope, the tumor was found to be composed of conspicuous calcified psammoma bodies with remarkable immature bone formation. A primary diagnosis of psammomatous meningioma was made based on the recent WHO classification of tumors of the CNS, whereas other pathologists focused on the osseous components and preferred metaplastic meningioma as the proper subtype. A literature review was conducted, and only five cases have been reported with the same histopathological condition. Experts finally reached a consensus based on the acknowledged notion of the preferential diagnosis of psammomatous meningioma, as well as the current evidence and popular opinion that ossification is generated from osteogenic differentiation of pluripotent cells rather than the accumulation of psammoma bodies.
CONCLUSIONS
A final diagnosis of psammomatous meningioma with osseous metaplasia was made. The rigid and adherent features complicate total resection of the tumor and increase the risk of neurologic deficits.
Topics: Calcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Metaplasia; Middle Aged; Ossification, Heterotopic; Prognosis; Thoracic Neoplasms
PubMed: 31445511
DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1694-5 -
Endokrynologia Polska 2020Not required for Clinical Vignette.
Not required for Clinical Vignette.
Topics: Carcinoma, Papillary; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Metaplasia; Middle Aged; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 32293701
DOI: 10.5603/EP.a2020.0018 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Mar 2024Choanal polyps belong to a special type of nasal polyps, which are quite uncommon if originating from the nasal septum, especially those with osseous metaplasia. In this...
Choanal polyps belong to a special type of nasal polyps, which are quite uncommon if originating from the nasal septum, especially those with osseous metaplasia. In this article, we report the case of a 63-year-old male patient with persistent nasal obstruction on the right side. An irregular light yellow lobulated mass with smooth surface could be visualized in the nasal cavity through nasal endoscopy, arising from the right nasal septum and extending to the nasopharynx. Computed tomography scan showed a large soft tissue shadow of the nasal meatus, with ossified structure in the center. Histopathological biopsy revealed nasopharyngeal mucositis. The patient underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery and the polypoidal mass sent for histopathological examination proved to be choanal polyps.
PubMed: 38444148
DOI: 10.1177/01455613241234249 -
Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences Jan 2011
PubMed: 21772743
DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.82363 -
Gynecology and Minimally Invasive... 2023Endometrial osseous metaplasia (EOM) is an uncommon clinical entity with the presence of bone in the endometrium which requires clinical and therapeutic framework. It is...
Endometrial osseous metaplasia (EOM) is an uncommon clinical entity with the presence of bone in the endometrium which requires clinical and therapeutic framework. It is also described by various other names such as endometrial ossification, ectopic intrauterine bone, and heterotopic intrauterine bone. Ossification could have various locations as the cervix the ovary, and the vagina. This overview highlights the attention on the actual pivotal points of EOM.
PubMed: 38034103
DOI: 10.4103/gmit.gmit_89_22 -
Immunological Reviews Jan 2010Osteoporosis and arthritis are highly prevalent diseases and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These diseases result from aberrant tissue... (Review)
Review
Osteoporosis and arthritis are highly prevalent diseases and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These diseases result from aberrant tissue remodeling leading to weak, fracture-prone bones or painful, dysfunctional joints. The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factor family controls diverse biologic processes in vertebrates. Here, we review the scientific evidence that links NFAT-regulated gene transcription to bone and joint pathology. A particular emphasis is placed on the role of NFATs in bone resorption and formation by osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. In addition, emerging data that connect NFATs with cartilage biology, angiogenesis, nociception, and neurogenic inflammation are explored. The goal of this article is to highlight the importance of tissue remodeling in musculoskeletal disease and situate NFAT-driven cellular responses within this context to inspire future research endeavors.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bone Remodeling; Calcineurin; Chondrogenesis; Humans; Joints; NFATC Transcription Factors; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Osteoarthritis; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts; Osteoporosis; Pain; Transcription, Genetic
PubMed: 20193006
DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00849.x -
Cureus May 2024Rectal mucosal prolapse is uncommon in children. While most patients present with rectal bleeding and constipation, the occurrence of osseous metaplasia within the...
Rectal mucosal prolapse is uncommon in children. While most patients present with rectal bleeding and constipation, the occurrence of osseous metaplasia within the prolapsed mucosa is extremely rare. Overlapping clinical, gross, and histological features between rectal mucosal prolapse polyps and malignancy pose a challenge for diagnoses. We describe a case of a 16-year-old male who had a rectal mucosal prolapsed polyp with osseous metaplasia. He initially presented due to periumbilical pain with a sore throat and fever. Incidentally, during the workup of his periumbilical pain, he was found to have a soft tissue mass in his rectum on a CT scan, with a biopsy confirming the diagnosis. The case was complicated by the development of sepsis. The patient was treated with empiric antibiotics and was discharged without further complications.
PubMed: 38826948
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59480