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Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Jun 2021
Topics: Humans; Osteochondrosis
PubMed: 34182736
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.21.0248 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2020Chondrocyte biology is a hot topic, because osteoarthritis (OA) is a serious problem in an aging society, but there are no fundamental therapeutic drugs [...].
Chondrocyte biology is a hot topic, because osteoarthritis (OA) is a serious problem in an aging society, but there are no fundamental therapeutic drugs [...].
Topics: Animals; Chondrocytes; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Osteoarthritis; Osteochondrosis
PubMed: 32545161
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114161 -
Journal of Ultrasound Dec 2019Ultrasound (US) is the main imaging modality for the evaluation of pediatric patients with musculoskeletal diseases; particularly, it is an appropriate and reliable tool... (Review)
Review
Ultrasound (US) is the main imaging modality for the evaluation of pediatric patients with musculoskeletal diseases; particularly, it is an appropriate and reliable tool for diagnosis, follow-up and treatment of several musculoskeletal pathologies affecting the pediatric age. High-frequency (10-15 MHz) and high-resolution probes provide very lofty quality images, allowing a detailed study of the pediatric musculoskeletal system. Among the well-known advantages of this technique-such as the absence of ionizing radiations, its low cost and wide availability-US can as well rely on some intrinsic characteristics of the pediatric musculoskeletal system that can improve its diagnostic capability. The unossified portions of the pediatric skeleton and the absence of a thickened adipose tissue allow US to be highly effective and reliable in the study of muscles, tendons and cartilage. Lower-frequency sectoral transducers can be required in the study of some joints such as the shoulder or the hip, as well as in the examination of deep soft-tissue lesions. Furthermore, both color and spectral Doppler play an important role in the examination of soft-tissue lesions and synovial phlogosis. In this pictorial essay the main pathological conditions of pediatric musculoskeletal system will be examined, such as painful hip, evolutionary hip dysplasia, osteochondrosis, trauma-related pathologies and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Musculoskeletal System; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 30414082
DOI: 10.1007/s40477-018-0337-y -
BMC Veterinary Research Jan 2022Computed tomography (CT) is used to evaluate body composition and limb osteochondrosis in selection of breeding boars. Pigs also develop heritably predisposed abnormal...
Osteochondrosis and other lesions in all intervertebral, articular process and rib joints from occiput to sacrum in pigs with poor back conformation, and relationship to juvenile kyphosis.
BACKGROUND
Computed tomography (CT) is used to evaluate body composition and limb osteochondrosis in selection of breeding boars. Pigs also develop heritably predisposed abnormal curvature of the spine including juvenile kyphosis. It has been suggested that osteochondrosis-like changes cause vertebral wedging and kyphosis, both of which are identifiable by CT. The aim of the current study was to examine the spine from occiput to sacrum to map changes and evaluate relationships, especially whether osteochondrosis caused juvenile kyphosis, in which case CT could be used in selection against it. Whole-body CT scans were collected retrospectively from 37 Landrace or Duroc boars with poor back conformation scores. Spine curvature and vertebral shape were evaluated, and all inter-vertebral, articular process and rib joints from the occiput to the sacrum were assessed for osteochondrosis and other lesions.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven of the 37 (73%) pigs had normal spine curvature, whereas 10/37 (27%) pigs had abnormal curvature and all of them had wedge vertebrae. The 37 pigs had 875 focal lesions in articular process and rib joints, 98.5% of which represented stages of osteochondrosis. Five of the 37 pigs had focal lesions in other parts of vertebrae, mainly consisting of vertebral body osteochondrosis. The 10 pigs with abnormal curvature had 21 wedge vertebrae, comprising 10 vertebrae without focal lesions, six ventral wedge vertebrae with ventral osteochondrosis lesions and five dorsal wedge vertebrae with lesions in the neuro-central synchondrosis, articular process or rib joints.
CONCLUSIONS
Computed tomography was suited for identification of wedge vertebrae, and kyphosis was due to ventral wedge vertebrae compatible with heritably predisposed vertebral body osteochondrosis. Articular process and rib joint osteochondrosis may represent incidental findings in wedge vertebrae. The role of the neuro-central synchondrosis in the pathogenesis of vertebral wedging warrants further investigation.
Topics: Animals; Male; Osteochondrosis; Retrospective Studies; Ribs; Sacrum; Scheuermann Disease; Spine; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35042517
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03091-6 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Jul 1983We describe 8 children with 'windswept deformity'--a valgus deformity of 1 knee in association with a varus deformity of the other. The disease is a physeal...
We describe 8 children with 'windswept deformity'--a valgus deformity of 1 knee in association with a varus deformity of the other. The disease is a physeal osteochondrosis and conservative treatment with serial corrective plaster casts is as effective as corrective osteotomies.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Joint Diseases; Knee Joint; Male; Osteochondritis; Radiography; Tibia
PubMed: 6870338
DOI: 10.1136/adc.58.7.541 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Dec 2021Humans who care for pigs prefer an environment that not only allows the pigs to express their natural behaviors but also limits the development of aggression and... (Review)
Review
Humans who care for pigs prefer an environment that not only allows the pigs to express their natural behaviors but also limits the development of aggression and stereotypes. Most of the behavioral and health problems encountered by pigs in barren, conventional conditions are solved by alternative housing systems. However, it is not known whether these systems are advantageous in terms of the performance of pigs. In this work, we review the effects of housing systems on pigs' behaviors and performance, which are among the major indicators of the welfare of these animals. Research results point out that outdoor systems are more ideal for sows and fatteners than buildings. Nonetheless, outdoor housing is associated with two major effects in both groups: increased activity due to environmental exploration and higher space allowance, and increased incidence of injuries compared to indoor systems. Sows are more active when housed in groups, but they experience an increased frequency of injuries. According to the literature, group-housed sows give birth to healthy piglets with good daily weight gains. The difference in the fattening and slaughter performance of pigs raised indoors vs. outdoors remains unclear, and the results reported so far are inconsistent. Outdoor systems seem to be associated with a higher incidence of osteochondrosis and lesions of elbow and hock joints, whereas indoor systems cause a greater degree of body soiling in pigs. Based on the reviewed literature, it may be concluded that outdoor housing helps to solve behavioral issues in pigs but leads to other problems in pig production.
PubMed: 34944259
DOI: 10.3390/ani11123484 -
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.... Jul 2011This review of the literature presents the current understanding of Scheuermann's kyphosis and investigates the controversies concerning conservative and surgical... (Review)
Review
This review of the literature presents the current understanding of Scheuermann's kyphosis and investigates the controversies concerning conservative and surgical treatment. There is considerable debate regarding the pathogenesis, natural history and treatment of this condition. A benign prognosis with settling of symptoms and stabilisation of the deformity at skeletal maturity is expected in most patients. Observation and programmes of exercise are appropriate for mild, flexible, non-progressive deformities. Bracing is indicated for a moderate deformity which spans several levels and retains flexibility in motivated patients who have significant remaining spinal growth. The loss of some correction after the completion of bracing with recurrent anterior vertebral wedging has been reported in approximately one-third of patients. Surgical correction with instrumented spinal fusion is indicated for a severe kyphosis which carries a risk of progression beyond the end of growth causing cosmetic deformity, back pain and neurological complications. There is no consensus on the effectiveness of different techniques and types of instrumentation. Techniques include posterior-only and combined anteroposterior spinal fusion with or without posterior osteotomies across the apex of the deformity. Current instrumented techniques include hybrid and all-pedicle screw constructs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Braces; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Middle Aged; Radiography; Scheuermann Disease; Spinal Fusion
PubMed: 21705553
DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.93B7.26129 -
Journal of Orthopaedics 2021The current study is to distinguish between osteochondrosis and osteochondritis, utilizing surface microscopy of individuals with documented pathology. Osteochondrosis...
The current study is to distinguish between osteochondrosis and osteochondritis, utilizing surface microscopy of individuals with documented pathology. Osteochondrosis is associated with smooth borders and gradient from edge to defect base, while osteochondritis and subchondral impaction fractures are associated with subsidence of the affected area of articular surface with irregular edges. The base of osteochondrosis is penetrated by multiple channels, smoothly perforate its surface, indistinguishable from unfused epiphyses, confirming their vascular nature. This study provides a technique for distinguishing osteochondrosis and osteochondritis and further documents of the value of epi-illumination microscopy in expanding our understanding of bone and joint disease.
PubMed: 33551611
DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2021.01.006 -
Poultry Science Feb 2016This review focuses on a specific cause of lameness known as bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) in broilers. Rapid increases in body weight impose... (Review)
Review
This review focuses on a specific cause of lameness known as bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) in broilers. Rapid increases in body weight impose excessive torque and shear stress on structurally immature epiphyseal and physeal cartilage, primarily in the proximal femora, proximal tibiae, and flexible thoracic vertebrae. Excessive mechanical stress creates osteochondrotic clefts among the chondrocytes of susceptible growth plates. These wound sites are colonized by hematogenously distributed opportunistic bacteria, culminating in the gross abscesses and necrotic voids that are pathognomonic for terminal BCO. Lameness attributable to characteristic BCO lesions can be reproduced by rearing broilers on wire flooring to create persistent footing instability and physiological stress, without the need to inoculate the birds with pathogenic bacteria that presumably are present but quiescent within the bird's microbial communities or in the environment. Experiments using the wire-flooring model revealed innate differences in the susceptibility of broiler lines to BCO, and demonstrated that BCO incidences can be reduced by prophylactically providing probiotics in the feed, by prophylactically adding 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 to the drinking water, or by therapeutically adding the antibiotic enrofloxacin to the drinking water. Hatchery and chick quality issues clearly influence the susceptibility of broilers to BCO. When broilers remain in a sitting posture for prolonged periods, the major arteries supplying their legs may be compressed. These episodes of inadequate blood flow may prevent chondrocyte maturation and trigger focal necrosis, thereby making the epiphyseal and physeal cartilage highly susceptible to osteochondrosis and BCO. Much remains to be revealed regarding the pathogenesis of BCO. Further revelations will be facilitated by the availability of the now-validated wire-flooring models that consistently trigger high incidences of BCO in experimental flocks.
Topics: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Chickens; Lameness, Animal; Necrosis; Osteomyelitis; Poultry Diseases; Stress, Mechanical
PubMed: 26527707
DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev320