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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2021Osteoporosis is a common systemic bone disease caused by the imbalance between osteogenic activity and osteoclastic activity. Aged women are at higher risk of...
Osteoporosis is a common systemic bone disease caused by the imbalance between osteogenic activity and osteoclastic activity. Aged women are at higher risk of osteoporosis, partly because of estrogen deficiency. However, the underlying mechanism of how estrogen deficiency affects osteoclast activity has not yet been well elucidated. In this study, GSE2208 and GSE56815 datasets were downloaded from GEO database with 25 PreH BMD women and 25 PostL BMD women in total. The RRA algorithm determined 38 downregulated DEGs and 30 upregulated DEGs. Through GO analysis, we found that downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in myeloid cell differentiation, cytokine-related functions while upregulated DEGs enriched in immune-related biological processes; pathways like Notch signaling and MAPK activation were found in KEGG/Rectome pathway database; a PPI network which contains 66 nodes and 91 edges was constructed and three Modules were obtained by Mcode; Correlation analysis helped us to find highly correlated genes in each module. Moreover, three hub genes FOS, PTPN6, and CTSD were captured by Cytohubba. Finally, the hub genes were further confirmed in blood monocytes of ovariectomy (OVX) rats by real-time PCR assay. In conclusion, the integrative bioinformatics analysis and real-time PCR analysis were utilized to offer fresh light into the role of monocytes in premenopausal osteoporosis and identified FOS, PTPN6, and CTSD as potential biomarkers for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Computational Biology; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Monocytes; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Rats
PubMed: 35095774
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.815245 -
Osteoporosis International : a Journal... Apr 2008Guidance is provided in a European setting on the assessment and treatment of postmenopausal women with or at risk from osteoporosis. (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Guidance is provided in a European setting on the assessment and treatment of postmenopausal women with or at risk from osteoporosis.
INTRODUCTION
The European Foundation for Osteoporosis and Bone disease (subsequently the International Osteoporosis Foundation) published guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in 1997. This manuscript updates these in a European setting.
METHODS
The following areas are reviewed: the role of bone mineral density measurement for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk; general and pharmacological management of osteoporosis; monitoring of treatment; assessment of fracture risk; case finding strategies; investigation of patients; health economics of treatment.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
A platform is provided on which specific guidelines can be developed for national use.
Topics: Adult; Bone Density; Europe; Female; Femur Neck; Fractures, Bone; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Risk Assessment; Women's Health
PubMed: 18266020
DOI: 10.1007/s00198-008-0560-z -
Menopause (New York, N.Y.) Oct 2022The aims of this study were to investigate trends in bone mineral density (BMD) loss and related factors in early postmenopausal women in Japan, identify risk factors...
OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were to investigate trends in bone mineral density (BMD) loss and related factors in early postmenopausal women in Japan, identify risk factors for future osteoporosis, and predict osteoporosis before it occurs.
METHODS
The study population consisted of women who were 50 to 54 years old at the time of the survey in 2002 or 2006. The study included a questionnaire and physical measurement findings (BMD, height, body weight [WT], body mass index [BMI], and handgrip strength). One hundred sixty-seven women continued to participate in the study and had BMD measurements at the 9- or 10-year follow-up of the Japanese Population-based Osteoporosis study. Statistical analyses were performed using Pearson correlation to examine each factor of physical measurement and BMD for lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN). The receiver operating characteristic curve of this data was also predictive of osteoporosis in 2011 for 2002 data; BMD at the age of 50 to 54 years was then used to predict the likelihood of being diagnosed with osteoporosis 9 and 10 years later.
RESULTS
At the baseline in 2002 and 2006, WT, BMI, height, and handgrip strength were positively correlated with BMD. The optimal cutoff values for BMD in 2006 to predict osteoporosis in 2016 were LS less than 0.834 g/cm 2 and FN less than 0.702 g/cm 2 . These data were also predictive of osteoporosis in 2011 for 2002 data; applying this to the 2002 data, LS/FN had a sensitivity of 92%/100%, a specificity of 87%/81%, a positive predictive value of 55%/48%, and a negative predictive value of 98%/100%. The larger WT and BMI also resulted in a greater decrease in BMD of FN after 9 or 10 years.
CONCLUSIONS
We have identified a cutoff value for BMD to predict future osteoporosis in menopausal women and found a negative correlation between WT and BMI in menopausal women and changes in BMD of the FN over the next 10 years.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Body Weight; Bone Density; Female; Femur Neck; Hand Strength; Humans; Japan; Lumbar Vertebrae; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Perimenopause; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35969496
DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000002034 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jul 2023Postmenopausal osteoporosis, an epidemic disorder is defined as a loss in bone mineral density and a greater possibility of fractures in older women. It is a... (Review)
Review
Postmenopausal osteoporosis, an epidemic disorder is defined as a loss in bone mineral density and a greater possibility of fractures in older women. It is a multifactorial disease under the control of various genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Insufficiency of estrogen hormone, leads to postmenopausal osteoporosis. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), despite being the most effective treatment, it is associated with the risk of breast cancer and cardiovascular disorders. This review seeks to compile the most recent information on medicinal plants and natural compounds used to treat and prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis. Furthermore, the origin, chemical constituents and the molecular mechanisms responsible for this therapeutic and preventive effect are also discussed. Literature research was conducted using PubMed, Science direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Different plant extracts and pure compounds exerts their antiosteoporotic activity by inhibition of RANKL and upregulation of OPG. RANKL signaling regulates osteoclast formation, characterized by increased bone turnover and osteoprotegrin is a decoy receptor for RANKL thereby preventing bone loss from excessive resorption. In addition, this review also includes the chemical structure of bioactive compounds acting on NFκB, TNF α, RUNX2. In conclusion, we propose that postmenopausal osteoporosis could be prevented or treated with herbal products.
Topics: Female; Humans; Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Bone Density; Fractures, Bone; Estrogens; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 37172332
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114850 -
BMC Endocrine Disorders Feb 2018Many studies have reported associations between estrogen receptor (ER) gene polymorphisms and postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) risk and bone mineral density (BMD), but... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Many studies have reported associations between estrogen receptor (ER) gene polymorphisms and postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) risk and bone mineral density (BMD), but the results are controversial. The aim of the present meta-analysis is to verify the association between ERα and ERβ gene polymorphisms and osteoporosis susceptibility and BMD in postmenopausal women.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and China WeiPu Library were searched. OR and WMD with 95% CI were calculated to assess the association.
RESULTS
Overall, no significant association was observed between ERα XbaI, ERα PvuII and PMOP susceptibility in either overall, Caucasian or Asian populations. ERα G2014A was significantly associated with a decreased risk of PMOP in Caucasian populations. There was a significant association between ERβ RsaI and PMOP risk in both overall and Asian populations. Caucasian PMOP women with ERα XbaI XX and Xx genotypes had a higher LS Z value than women with xx genotype. ERα XbaI XX genotype was associated with increased FN BMD in overall and Caucasian populations, an increased FN Z value in Asians, and a decreased FN Z value in Caucasians. There was also a significant association between ERα XbaI Xx genotype and an increased FN Z value in either Asians or Caucasians. ERα PvuII PP genotype was associated with a low LS Z value in Caucasians and a low FN BMD and Z value in Asians. Pp genotype in PMOP women was significantly correlated with low LS BMD in overall populations, a low FN Z value in either overall, Caucasian or Asian populations.
CONCLUSION
Each ERα and ERβ gene polymorphism might have different impact on PMOP risk and BMD in various ethnicities.
Topics: Bone Density; Estrogen Receptor alpha; Estrogen Receptor beta; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Polymorphism, Genetic
PubMed: 29458346
DOI: 10.1186/s12902-018-0230-x -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2022Osteoporosis is considered a widespread health problem that affects senior citizens, particularly older women, after the menopause. This national study aimed to estimate...
Osteoporosis is considered a widespread health problem that affects senior citizens, particularly older women, after the menopause. This national study aimed to estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis among Jordanian postmenopausal women and to determine the association of demographic and nutritional factors, such as calcium and vitamin D supplement intake, with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 884 postmenopausal women aged ≥50 years. A multistage sampling technique was used to select participants from three geographic regions of Jordan (north, middle, and south). The data were collected from the participants by a team of field researchers comprising men and women through a standard questionnaire. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 19.8% among postmenopausal Jordanian women. The study results showed that age (p ˂ 0.001), geographic region (p = 0.019), occupation (p = 0.002), and educational level (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with osteoporosis. Moreover, osteoporosis was significantly associated with calcium and vitamin D supplement intake (p < 0.05). There is a high prevalence of osteoporosis among postmenopausal Jordanian women. Therefore, there is a need to educate women at this age, and probably at an earlier age, to prevent or reduce the development of osteoporosis.
Topics: Aged; Bone Density; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Jordan; Male; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Postmenopause; Vitamin D
PubMed: 35886655
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148803 -
The Journal of the American Osteopathic... Jan 2000Osteoporosis is a silent epidemic that is preventable and treatable. Few people are currently having osteoporosis diagnosed early enough to receive the benefit of... (Review)
Review
Osteoporosis is a silent epidemic that is preventable and treatable. Few people are currently having osteoporosis diagnosed early enough to receive the benefit of prevention. Therefore, most present with a fracture as the first clinical manifestation of the disease. The physician taking a history must have a high index of suspicion for osteoporosis. All women should be counseled about risk factors for osteoporosis. The diagnosis of this disease includes an evaluation of bone mineral density by radiologic technique. The osteopathic physician is uniquely well trained to recognize and diagnose osteoporosis.
Topics: Bone Density; Female; Humans; Male; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Risk Factors
PubMed: 10705678
DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2000.100.1.4s -
Cancer Aug 2005Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that is characterized by low bone mass and compromised bone strength. Fractures are the clinically important consequence of... (Review)
Review
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that is characterized by low bone mass and compromised bone strength. Fractures are the clinically important consequence of osteoporosis and result not only in disability but also in excess mortality. Women who have a history of breast carcinoma may represent a unique population for whom screening and treatment for osteoporosis should be modified. A review of the English literature was performed that included original, review, consensus, and statement articles that were identified through Medline or National Institutes of Health-related links. According to the literature, osteoporosis constitutes a major public health problem. Approximately 55% of the U.S. population > or = 50 years of age has low bone mass (osteopenia or osteoporosis). Annually, > 200,000 women in the U.S. are diagnosed with breast carcinoma. Due to the high prevalence rates of both low bone mass and breast carcinoma in women, these two diseases commonly coexist in the same individuals. Women with a history of breast carcinoma may be at increased risk of developing bone loss and fragility fractures as a consequence of antineoplastic therapies. The majority of women treated for early-stage breast carcinoma do not develop recurrences, as a result of recent advances in therapy. Ensuring the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of long-term toxicities and comorbid conditions like osteoporosis in breast carcinoma survivors is a serious concern and is of increasing importance. In this article, the authors address the evaluation and treatment of osteoporosis in women who have a history of early-stage breast carcinoma.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
PubMed: 15968687
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21201 -
Current Clinical Pharmacology May 2013Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are structurally different compounds that interact with intracellular estrogen receptors in target organs as estrogen... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are structurally different compounds that interact with intracellular estrogen receptors in target organs as estrogen receptor agonists or antagonists. These drugs have been intensively studied over the past decade and have proven to be a highly versatile group for the treatment of different conditions associated with postmenopausal women's health, including hormone responsive cancer and osteoporosis. Tamoxifen, a failed contraceptive is currently used to treat all stages of breast cancer, chemoprevention in women at high risk for breast cancer and also has beneficial effects on bone mineral density and serum lipids in postmenopausal women. Raloxifene, a failed breast cancer drug, is the only SERM approved internationally for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and vertebral fractures. However, although these SERMs have many benefits, they also have some potentially serious adverse effects, such as thromboembolic disorders and, in the case of tamoxifen, uterine cancer. These adverse effects represent a major concern given that long-term therapy is required to prevent osteoporosis or prevent and treat breast cancer. The search for the 'ideal' SERM, which would have estrogenic effects on bone and serum lipids, neutral effects on the uterus, and antiestrogenic effects on breast tissue, but none of the adverse effects associated with current therapies, is currently under way. Ospemifene, lasofoxifene, bazedoxifene and arzoxifene, which are new SERM molecules with potentially greater efficacy and potency than previous SERMs, have been investigated for use in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. These drugs have been shown to be comparably effective to conventional hormone replacement therapy in animal models, with potential indications for an improved safety profile. Clinical efficacy data from ongoing phase III trials are available or are awaited for each SERM so that a true understanding of the therapeutic potential of these compounds can be obtained. In this article, we describe the discovery and development of the group of medicines called SERMs. The newer SERMs in late development: ospemifene, lasofoxifene, bazedoxifene, are arzoxifene are described in detail.
Topics: Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Design; Drug Discovery; Female; Humans; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
PubMed: 23062036
DOI: 10.2174/1574884711308020006 -
Bone May 2020Diabetes and osteoporosis occur frequently in older adults and are both associated with increased fracture risk. Denosumab treatment reduced new vertebral, nonvertebral,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
Diabetes and osteoporosis occur frequently in older adults and are both associated with increased fracture risk. Denosumab treatment reduced new vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fractures over 3 years, with continued low fracture incidence for up to 10 years in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. However, its effects in diabetic subjects with osteoporosis have not yet been investigated.
METHODS
Post hoc analysis of the 3-year, placebo-controlled FREEDOM study and 7-year Extension included postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and diabetes. Effects on BMD, vertebral, and nonvertebral fracture incidence were evaluated.
RESULTS
Of 7808 subjects in FREEDOM, 508 with diabetes received denosumab (n = 266) or placebo (n = 242). Among those, BMD increased significantly with denosumab versus placebo in FREEDOM, and continued to increase during the Extension in long-term (continuing denosumab) and crossover (placebo to denosumab) denosumab subjects. In FREEDOM, denosumab-treated subjects with diabetes had significantly lower new vertebral fracture rates (1.6%) versus placebo (8.0%) (RR: 0.20 [95% CI 0.07-0.61]; p = .001). Nonvertebral fracture incidence was higher with denosumab (11.7%) versus placebo (5.9%) (HR: 1.94 [95% CI 1.00-3.77]; p = .046), although there were fewer hip fractures with denosumab (World Health Organization, 2017 [1]) than placebo (4; nonsignificant). During the first 3 years in FREEDOM Extension, new vertebral and nonvertebral fracture incidences were low in long-term and crossover denosumab diabetic groups (≤6%), consistent with the overall Extension population; yearly nonvertebral fracture incidence was comparable to the FREEDOM placebo group.
CONCLUSION
Denosumab significantly increased BMD and decreased vertebral fracture risk in subjects with osteoporosis and diabetes. No reduction in nonvertebral fractures was observed.
Topics: Aged; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Denosumab; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Postmenopause
PubMed: 32058020
DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115268