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Iranian Journal of Immunology : IJI Dec 2013Primary malignant bone tumors are heterogeneous groups of neoplasms, which affect mainly children and adolescents. The most common types are Osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma...
BACKGROUND
Primary malignant bone tumors are heterogeneous groups of neoplasms, which affect mainly children and adolescents. The most common types are Osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Elevation of sCD30 and sCD40L has been observed in lymphoma, leukemia and autoimmune disorders.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate serum concentrations of sCD30 and sCD40L in patients with primary malignant bone tumors.
METHOD
Fifty-four cases (31 Osteosarcomas, 14 Ewing sarcomas, and 9 Chondrosarcomas) and 54 healthy controls enrolled in this study. Cases with the history of prior treatment (surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy) were excluded from the study. Serum levels of sCD30 and sCD40L were detected by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS
Mean serum concentration of sCD30 in Ewing sarcoma was significantly higher than that of the control groups (p=0.007), but mean serum concentrations of sCD30 in osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma groups were not significantly different, compared to the controls (p=0.41 and p=0.11, respectively). Mean serum concentrations of sCD40L in osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and chondrosarcoma groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.0001). In addition, the mean serum level of sCD40L in chondrosarcoma patients was higher than that of both Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma groups (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION
sCD30 and sCD40L increase in primary bone tumors; however the significant of these findings for diagnosis or prognosis of these tumors needs further investigation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Neoplasms; CD40 Ligand; Child; Chondrosarcoma; Female; Humans; Ki-1 Antigen; Male; Osteosarcoma; Prognosis; Sarcoma, Ewing; Young Adult
PubMed: 24375064
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Surgery... Dec 2016There are conflicting findings about the effect of resection margins on local recurrence in osteosarcoma after surgery. In this meta-analysis, we examined the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
There are conflicting findings about the effect of resection margins on local recurrence in osteosarcoma after surgery. In this meta-analysis, we examined the association between local recurrence and resection margins for osteosarcoma in extremity and pelvis.
METHODS
EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from January 1980 to July 2016. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of local recurrence were estimated, respectively, for inadequate vs adequate margins and marginal vs wide margins using a random-effect model. Chi-square test was performed to comparing the local recurrence rate between extremity and pelvic osteosarcomas with an identical surgical margin.
RESULTS
Thirteen articles involving 1559 patients (175 with and 1384 without local recurrence) were included in this study. The meta-analysis showed that the osteosarcoma resected with inadequate and marginal margins, whether in extremity or in pelvis, were associated with a significantly higher local recurrence rate than the osteosarcoma resected with adequate and wide margins, respectively. Chi-square test showed that, when pelvic and extremity osteosarcomas were removed with an identical resection margin, the local recurrence was significantly more frequent in pelvis osteosarcoma than in extremity osteosarcoma.
CONCLUSION
This study provides level IIa evidence to support that the surgery with adequate or wide resection margin has positive effect on reducing the risk of local recurrence in osteosarcoma. In addition, the factors independent of resection margin are more likely to increase the risk of local recurrence in pelvic osteosarcoma.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level IIa, Therapeutic study.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Extremities; Humans; Margins of Excision; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Osteosarcoma; Pelvic Bones
PubMed: 27840310
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.11.016 -
American Family Physician Mar 2002The treatment of osteosarcoma requires a multidisciplinary approach involving the family physician, orthopedic oncologist, medical oncologist, radiologist and... (Review)
Review
The treatment of osteosarcoma requires a multidisciplinary approach involving the family physician, orthopedic oncologist, medical oncologist, radiologist and pathologist. Osteosarcoma is a mesenchymally derived, high-grade bone sarcoma. It is the third most common malignancy in children and adolescents. The most frequent sites of origin are the distal femur, proximal tibia and proximal humerus. Patients typically present with pain, swelling, localized enlargement of the extremity and, occasionally, pathologic fracture. Most patients present with localized disease. Radiographs commonly demonstrate a mixed sclerotic and lytic lesion arising in the metaphyseal region of the involved bone. Computed tomography and bone scanning are recommended to detect pulmonary and bone metastases, respectively. Before 1970, osteosarcomas were treated with amputation. Survival was poor: 80 percent of patients died from metastatic disease. With the development of induction and adjuvant chemotherapy protocols, advances in surgical techniques and improvements in radiologic staging studies, 90 to 95 percent of patients with osteosarcoma can now be treated with limb-sparing resection and reconstruction. Long-term survival and cure rates have increased to between 60 and 80 percent in patients with localized disease.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasm Staging; Osteosarcoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 11925089
DOI: No ID Found -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Aug 2011The most prevalent forms of bone cancer are osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy have replaced traditional surgical... (Review)
Review
The most prevalent forms of bone cancer are osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy have replaced traditional surgical treatments, survival rates have undergone only marginal improvements. Current knowledge of the molecular pathways involved in each type of cancer has led to better approaches in cancer treatment. A number of cell signaling molecules are involved in tumorigenesis, and specific targets have been identified based on these signal transducers. This review highlights some of the important cellular pathways and potential therapeutic targets, tumor site-specific irradiation techniques, and novel drug delivery systems used to administer these drugs.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Neoplasms; Chondrosarcoma; Humans; Osteosarcoma; Sarcoma, Ewing
PubMed: 21804475
DOI: 10.12659/msm.881893 -
Veterinary Journal (London, England :... Sep 2011Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary bone tumour in dogs. The appendicular locations are most frequently involved and large to giant breed dogs are commonly... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary bone tumour in dogs. The appendicular locations are most frequently involved and large to giant breed dogs are commonly affected, with a median age of 7-8 years. OSA is a locally invasive neoplasm with a high rate of metastasis, mostly to the lungs. Due to similarities in biology and treatment of OSA in dogs and humans, canine OSA represents a valid and important tumour model. Differences between canine and human OSAs include the age of occurrence (OSA is most commonly an adolescent disease in humans), localisation (the stifle is the most common site of localisation in humans) and limited use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in canine OSA.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Forelimb; Hindlimb; Humans; Osteosarcoma; Risk Factors
PubMed: 20889358
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.08.014 -
Anticancer Research 2007Dogs with osteosarcoma provide an important model for the same disease in humans. In this report, the comparative nature of human and canine osteosarcoma including... (Review)
Review
Dogs with osteosarcoma provide an important model for the same disease in humans. In this report, the comparative nature of human and canine osteosarcoma including incidence and risk factors, clinical presentation and diagnosis, genetic abnormalities, biologic behaviour and prognostic factors, as well as treatment options are reviewed.
Topics: Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Disease Models, Animal; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Humans; Osteosarcoma
PubMed: 17352227
DOI: No ID Found -
The Oncologist 2004Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Survival for these patients was poor with the use of surgery and/or radiotherapy. The... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Survival for these patients was poor with the use of surgery and/or radiotherapy. The introduction of multi-agent chemotherapy dramatically improved the outcome for these patients and the majority of modern series report 3-year disease-free survival of 60%-70%. This paper describes current strategies for treating patients with osteosarcoma as well as review of the clinical features, radiologic and diagnostic work-up, and pathology. The authors review the state of the art management for patients with osteosarcoma in North America and Europe including the use of limb-salvage procedures and reconstruction as well as discuss the etiologic and biologic factors associated with tumor development. Therapy-related sequelae and future directions in the biology and therapy for these patients are also discussed.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Osteosarcoma; Pediatrics; Prognosis
PubMed: 15266096
DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.9-4-422 -
Cells Aug 2020Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary bone tumor diagnosed during adolescence and young adulthood. It is associated with the worst outcomes in the case of poor... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary bone tumor diagnosed during adolescence and young adulthood. It is associated with the worst outcomes in the case of poor response to chemotherapy and in metastatic disease. While no molecular biomarkers are clearly and currently associated with those worse situations, the study of pathways involved in the high level of tumor necrosis and in the immune/metabolic intra-tumor environment seems to be a way to understand these resistant and progressive osteosarcomas. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the role of hypoxia in osteosarcoma oncogenesis, progression and during treatment. We describe the role of normoxic/hypoxic environment in normal tissues, bones and osteosarcomas to understand their role and to estimate their druggability. We focus particularly on the role of intra-tumor hypoxia in osteosarcoma cell resistance to treatments and its impact in its endogenous immune component. Together, these previously published observations conduct us to present potential perspectives on the use of therapies targeting hypoxia pathways. These therapies could afford new treatment approaches in this bone cancer. Nevertheless, to study the osteosarcoma cell druggability, we now need specific in vitro models closely mimicking the tumor, its intra-tumor hypoxia and the immune microenvironment to more accurately predict treatment efficacy and be complementary to mouse models.
Topics: Humans; Osteosarcoma; Survival Analysis; Tumor Hypoxia; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 32878021
DOI: 10.3390/cells9091998 -
International Orthopaedics Dec 2006Osteosarcoma, the most common type of primary malignant tumour that develops in bone, can be classified into several different sub-types. While the majority of... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma, the most common type of primary malignant tumour that develops in bone, can be classified into several different sub-types. While the majority of osteosarcomas are highly malignant, there are some low-grade variants. Since the introduction of chemotherapy into the multi-modal treatment regimen of high-grade osteosarcoma, its prognosis has impressively improved, with long-term survival being achieved in two-thirds of all patients. This review summarises current chemotherapeutic treatment strategies in classical osteosarcoma and also addresses the indication for chemotherapy in more unusual types and variants. It emphasises the need for treatment in specialised centres and within prospective, multi-institutional trials, amongst which EURAMOS1 and EURO-B.O.S.S are currently active in many European countries.
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Osteosarcoma; Prognosis
PubMed: 16896870
DOI: 10.1007/s00264-006-0192-x -
BMC Veterinary Research May 2012Appendicular osteosarcoma is the most common malignant primary canine bone tumor. When treated by amputation or tumor removal alone, median survival times (MST) do not... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Appendicular osteosarcoma is the most common malignant primary canine bone tumor. When treated by amputation or tumor removal alone, median survival times (MST) do not exceed 5 months, with the majority of dogs suffering from metastatic disease. This period can be extended with adequate local intervention and adjuvant chemotherapy, which has become common practice. Several prognostic factors have been reported in many different studies, e.g. age, breed, weight, sex, neuter status, location of tumor, serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), infection, percentage of bone length affected, histological grade or histological subtype of tumor. Most of these factors are, however, only reported as confounding factors in larger studies. Insight in truly significant prognostic factors at time of diagnosis may contribute to tailoring adjuvant therapy for individual dogs suffering from osteosarcoma. The objective of this study was to systematically review the prognostic factors that are described for canine appendicular osteosarcoma and validate their scientific importance.
RESULTS
A literature review was performed on selected studies and eligible data were extracted. Meta-analyses were done for two of the three selected possible prognostic factors (SALP and location), looking at both survival time (ST) and disease free interval (DFI). The third factor (age) was studied in a qualitative manner. Both elevated SALP level and the (proximal) humerus as location of the primary tumor are significant negative prognostic factors for both ST and DFI in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma. Increasing age was associated with shorter ST and DFI, however, was not statistically significant because information of this factor was available in only a limited number of papers.
CONCLUSIONS
Elevated SALP and proximal humeral location are significant negative prognosticators for canine osteosarcoma.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Extremities; Osteosarcoma; Prognosis
PubMed: 22587466
DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-56