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Deutsches Arzteblatt International Mar 2018About 100 000 ostomy carriers are estimated to live in Germany today. The creation of an ostomy represents a major life event that can be associated with impaired...
BACKGROUND
About 100 000 ostomy carriers are estimated to live in Germany today. The creation of an ostomy represents a major life event that can be associated with impaired quality of life. Optimal ostomy creation and proper ostomy care are crucially important determinants of the success of treatment and of the patients' quality of life.
METHODS
This article is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed, GoogleScholar, and Scopus, and on the authors' experience.
RESULTS
Intestinal stomata can be created using either the small or the large bowel. More than 75% of all stomata are placed as part of the treatment of colorectal cancer. The incidence of stoma-related complications is reported to be 10-70%. Skin irritation, erosion, and ulceration are the most common early complications, with a combined incidence of 25-34%, while stoma prolapse is the most common late complication, with an incidence of 8-75%. Most early complications can be managed conservatively, while most late complications require surgical revision. In 19% of cases, an ostomy that was initially planned to be temporary becomes permanent. Inappropriate stoma location and inadequate ostomy care are the most common causes of early complications. Both surgical and patient-related factors influence late complications.
CONCLUSION
Every step from the planning of a stoma to its postoperative care should be discussed with the patient in detail. Preoperative marking is essential for an optimal stoma site. Optimal patient management with the involvement of an ostomy nurse increases ostomy acceptance, reduces ostomy-related complications, and improves the quality of life of ostomy carriers.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Germany; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Ostomy; Quality of Life; Risk Factors; Self-Management; Surgical Stomas
PubMed: 29607805
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0182 -
International Wound Journal Feb 2019This literature review was conducted to summarise empirical evidence relating to psychosocial health following ostomy surgery during hospitalisation and after discharge.... (Review)
Review
This literature review was conducted to summarise empirical evidence relating to psychosocial health following ostomy surgery during hospitalisation and after discharge. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were searched from 2000 to 2017 using PubMed, CINAHL, Ebrary, Elsevier, Science Direct, and Scopus. Twenty-seven articles were included that examined the patient's psychosocial health following colostomy or ileostomy surgery. Among the 27 included studies, 11 adopted qualitative research methods and 16 used quantitative designs. Most of the studies were conducted to determine psychosocial problems and emotions of the individuals, their adaptation to the stoma, and their quality of life. Most of the psychosocial problems identified in these studies were poor body image perception and self-respect, depression, sexual problems, and lower psychosocial adaptation. This literature review has illustrated the patient's psychosocial health following stoma surgery. Further studies exploring the effect of psychosocial interventions could be planned.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colostomy; Female; Humans; Ileostomy; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Self Concept; Stress, Psychological; Surgical Stomas; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 30392194
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13018 -
Wound Management & Prevention Sep 2020This study aimed to describe the frequency of colostomy and ileostomy complications and types of nursing interventions as well as to examine patient and ostomy variables...
PURPOSE
This study aimed to describe the frequency of colostomy and ileostomy complications and types of nursing interventions as well as to examine patient and ostomy variables associated with early and late complications.
METHODS
The records of 572 patients who received ostomy care from a wound ostomy care (WOC) nurse between 2013 and 2017 were abstracted. Patient demographic and ostomy variables, early period (< 30 days after surgery) and late period (> 30 days after surgery) complications, as well as documented nursing interventions were retrieved. Percentages and rates, chi-square statistics, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.
RESULTS
The mean patient age was 59.1 years (standard deviation [SD], 13.86), and the majority of patients were male (302 patients; 52.8%), married (454; 79.4%), and had a temporary (438; 76.6%) end colostomy (253; 44.2%). One (1) or more complications developed in 323 patients (56.5%) in the early period and in 207 patients (36.2%) in the late period. The most common complications in the early period were peristomal irritant contact dermatitis (PICD) (181; 31.6%) and mucocutaneous separation (135; 23.6%). PICD was also the most common complication in the late period (149; 26%). The risk of PICD was significantly higher in patients with a body mass index > 24.9 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.547), who had an ileostomy (OR = 1.654), or a temporary ostomy (OR = 1.728). Variables associated with an increased risk of mucocutaneous separation included obstacles to ostomy care (OR = 2.222), having an end ostomy (OR = 2.171), and ostomy height < 10 mm (OR = 1.964). Complications were treated by the WOC nurse in 67.5% of patients, and the most common intervention was application of skin barrier powder and wipe layers.
CONCLUSIONS
The rate of ostomy complications, especially PICD and mucocutaneous separation, in this study was high. Results confirm that patient and ostomy characteristics might significantly affect the risk of complications. The findings support the importance of outpatient follow-up by a WOC nurse. Explorative or randomized controlled studies are needed to identify optimal nursing strategies to decrease complication rates.
Topics: Aged; Chi-Square Distribution; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nursing Care; Ostomy; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Skin Care; Wound Healing
PubMed: 32903201
DOI: No ID Found -
Respiratory Care Jun 2017Over the last decade, tracheostomy has been increasingly performed in children, aligned with the improvements in neonatal and pediatric ICU care. Nowadays, the majority... (Review)
Review
Over the last decade, tracheostomy has been increasingly performed in children, aligned with the improvements in neonatal and pediatric ICU care. Nowadays, the majority of children with tracheostomy represent a very complex cohort of patients with sustained reliance on tracheostomy and related medical technology for long-term survival. Tracheostomy is one of the most commonly performed procedures in the adult ICU. Contrary to adult practice, tracheostomy is a much less common procedure in the pediatric ICU, being performed in < 3% of patients. There is no definite consensus about the length of time a child should remain endotracheally intubated before the placement of a tracheostomy. Tracheostomy in children also continues to remain a predominantly surgical procedure, with percutaneous tracheostomy being performed infrequently and only considered feasible in older children. The indications, preoperative considerations, and procedure types for tracheostomy in children are reviewed. There is also a lack of consensus on an optimal pediatric decannulation protocol. The literature discusses a myriad of protocols that use varying combinations of in-patient/out-patient resources, specialized tests, and procedures An ideal decannulation protocol is presented, as well as review of recently published decannulation algorithms. Finally, children with tracheostomy have a higher risk of adverse events and mortality, which are largely secondary to their comorbidities rather than the tracheostomy. The majority of the tracheostomy-related events are in fact potentially preventable. There is a recognized need for improvement and coordination of care of pediatric patients with tracheostomy. A multidisciplinary coordinated approach to tracheostomy care has already shown promising results. This paper seeks to review the pertinent literature regarding quality improvement initiatives for tracheostomy care, including review of the recently established Global Tracheostomy Collaborative.
Topics: Adolescent; Airway Extubation; Catheterization; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Quality Improvement; Tracheostomy
PubMed: 28546379
DOI: 10.4187/respcare.05366 -
BMJ Open Gastroenterology Jul 2022Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was developed by Ponsky-Gauderer in the early 1980s. These tubes are placed through the abdominal wall mainly to administer... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was developed by Ponsky-Gauderer in the early 1980s. These tubes are placed through the abdominal wall mainly to administer fluids, drugs and/or enteral nutrition but can also be used for drainage or decompression. The tubes consist of an internal and external retention device. It is a generally safe technique but major or minor complications may arise during and after tube placement.
METHOD
A narrative review of the literature investigating minor complications after PEG placement.
RESULTS
This review was written from a clinical viewpoint focusing on prevention and management of minor complications and documented with real cases from more than 21 years of clinical practice.
CONCLUSIONS
Depending on the literature the incidence of minor complications after gastrostomy placement can be high. To decrease associated morbidity, prevention, early recognition and popper management of these complications are important.
Topics: Enteral Nutrition; Gastrostomy
PubMed: 35851280
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2022-000975 -
Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia Jan 2017Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is a commonly performed procedure in critically sick patients. It can be safely performed bedside by intensivists.This has... (Review)
Review
Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is a commonly performed procedure in critically sick patients. It can be safely performed bedside by intensivists.This has resulted in decline in the use of surgical tracheostomy in intensive care unit (ICU) except in few selected cases. Most common indication of tracheostomy in ICU is need for prolonged ventilation. About 10% of patients requiring at least 3 days of mechanical ventilator support get tracheostomised during ICU stay. The ideal timing of PDT remains undecided at present. Contraindications and complications become fewer with increase in experience. Various methods of performing PDT have been discovered in last two decades. Preoperative work up, patient selection and post tracheostomy care form key components of a successful PDT. Bronchoscopy and ultrasound have been found to be useful procedural adjuncts, especially in presence of unfavorable anatomy. This article gives a brief overview about the use of PDT in ICU.
Topics: Critical Care; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Tracheostomy
PubMed: 28074819
DOI: 10.4103/0971-9784.197793 -
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences Sep 2021Background and Objective: Quality of life of patients can be affected a treatment. A good quality of life is essential to achieve a goal in treating patients. This study...
BACKGROUND
Background and Objective: Quality of life of patients can be affected a treatment. A good quality of life is essential to achieve a goal in treating patients. This study aims to assess stoma related quality of life.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was done at St. Paul's Hospital millennium Medical College from February 1 to July 31, 2019. A structured questionnaire was used to interview patients and review charts of patients to retrieve information on sociodemographic variables, type, and indications of the stoma. Data was collected using structured questionnaire adopted from the City of Hope and Beckman Research Institute after modifications to make it in line with the Ethiopian context.
RESULTS
The mean score for the overall quality of life for stomata was 7.42 ± 0.53. Around 70% of patients have adjusted their dietary style due to stoma. More than half of them reported feelings of depression following stoma surgery. Only 34% of patients resumed sexual activity and only 11% were satisfied with it. None of them were enrolled in stoma association or support group. Factors such as type of ostomy (temporary/permanent), adjustment in dietary style due to stoma, depression, change in diet for not passing gas in public, and change in clothing style had significant effects on overall quality of life and its subscales ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that living with stoma has a greater impact on the overall aspect of quality of life.
Topics: Colostomy; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Personal Satisfaction; Quality of Life; Surgical Stomas; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35221616
DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i5.11 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2022Peristomal skin complications (PSCs) are the most common skin problems seen after ostomy surgery. They have a considerable impact on a patient's quality of life and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Peristomal skin complications (PSCs) are the most common skin problems seen after ostomy surgery. They have a considerable impact on a patient's quality of life and contribute to a higher cost of care.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted, querying three databases. The analysis was performed on international studies focused on the clinical-epidemiological burden of PSCs in adult patients with ileostomy/colostomy.
RESULTS
Overall, 23 studies were considered. The main diseases associated with ostomy surgery were rectal, colon and gynecological cancers, inflammatory bowel diseases, diverticulitis, bowel obstruction and intestinal perforation. Erythema, papules, skin erosions, ulcers and vesicles were the most common PSCs for patients with an ostomy (or stoma). A PSCs incidence ranging from 36.3% to 73.4% was described. Skin complications increased length of stay (LOS) and rates of readmission within 120 days of surgery.
CONCLUSIONS
PSCs data are still limited. A knowledge of their burden is essential to support health personnel and decision-makers in identifying the most appropriate responses to patients' needs. Proper management of these complications plays a fundamental role in improving the patient's quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach, as well as increased patient education and their empowerment, are priority measures to be implemented to foster a value-based healthcare.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Colostomy; Ileostomy; Quality of Life; Public Health; Erythema
PubMed: 36612395
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010079 -
International Wound Journal Dec 2019Patients with ostomy are faced with several physical, psychological, and social challenges and need to be prepared to overcome these challenges. Studies have shown that... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Patients with ostomy are faced with several physical, psychological, and social challenges and need to be prepared to overcome these challenges. Studies have shown that training plays an important role in helping patients to adapt with ostomy, live with it, and improve their psychological well-being and quality of life (QOL). Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of structured ostomy care training on QOL and anxiety of the patients with permanent ostomy. In this randomised clinical trial study, 60 eligible participants were recruited from the only ostomy clinic in Kerman, Iran. They were selected using a purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to either a control group that received routine ostomy care or an intervention group that attended oral and practical training and a question and answer session by a trained ostomy nurse and received an ostomy information booklet besides their routine care. Outcome variables were anxiety and QOL in general and its physical, mental, social, and spiritual dimensions in detail. By using the anxiety subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and City of Hope-quality of life [COH-QOL], data were collected before and 2 months after intervention in both groups. Data were analysed by SPSS version 19 using χ², analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent t, and paired t test and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the intervention group had significantly lower mean scores in anxiety (P = .001) and a higher mean score in overall QOL (P = .009) compared with the control group. The most significant increase was observed for psychological, social, and physical aspects, and the least was in the spiritual aspect, all of which improved after intervention. After controlling the effects of confounding variables such as age, ostomy period, and number of children, the structured training programme still had a positive effect on QOL. Structured ostomy care training, including face-to-face education and personal practice of using ostomy equipment, along with written material provided by the ostomy nurse specialist, may lead to an increase in the overall QOL and a decrease in the perceived anxiety level in patients. This type of training is not routinely delivered to ostomy patients in our health care setting, so it is feasible to prepare surgical wards and to educate nurses to work with their patients before and after ostomy creation. Furthermore, to ease patients' religious concerns, we recommend counselling, and the support of religious leaders in the Muslim community may play a key role to adaptation regarding religious matters after ostomy surgeries and alleviate patients' concerns.
Topics: Anxiety; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ostomy; Patient Education as Topic; Quality of Life; Self Care; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31419023
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13201 -
Ostomy/wound Management May 2018Little is known about the nutritional status and dietary habits of persons with an intestinal stoma, and no specific dietary guidelines have been established. A...
Little is known about the nutritional status and dietary habits of persons with an intestinal stoma, and no specific dietary guidelines have been established. A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients of a Stoma Patient Health Care Service in Juiz de Fora, Brazil, to compare the nutritional status of persons with an ileostomy or colostomy and to evaluate which foods are avoided most frequently and why. Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, arm circumference, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness) and body fat were assessed. Habitual dietary intake (energy, protein, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, vitamin B3 [niacin], and vitamin B12) was assessed using a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Foods avoided and reasons for avoidance (increased odor, increased gas, increased output, constipation, appliance leakage, and feelings regarding leaving home) were assessed. All data were collected without personal identifiers and stored in electronic files. Data were analyzed descriptively, and the Student's t test or Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the groups. Chi-squared analysis with Yates' continuity correction or Fisher's exact test was employed to examine the differences in the frequency of avoided foods by reasons for avoidance between the 2 groups. Of the 103 participants (52 [50.5%] men, 51 [49.5%] women; mean age 60.5 ± 12.9 years); 63 (61.2%) had a colostomy and 40 (38.8%) had an ileostomy. For both groups combined, time since surgery ranged from 1 to 360 months. Anthropometric measurements and body composition did not suggest nutritional deficiencies and did not differ significantly between groups. Persons with an ileostomy had a significantly lower fat and niacin intake than persons with a colostomy (P <.05). No other dietary intake differences were observed. Avoiding foods due to appliance leakage was more common among participants with an ileostomy (8, 20%) than a colostomy (3, 4.8%), and vegetables and fruits were reported as the most problematic foods. None of the other cited reasons was significantly different. The results of this study confirm that many persons with a stoma adjust their dietary intake and avoid certain foods which, especially in persons with an ileostomy, may increase their risk for nutritional deficiencies. Additional research to assess dietary intake and nutritional status variables as well as patient needs is needed to facilitate the development of specific nutritional status monitoring and dietary recommendations for persons with an ileostomy or colostomy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anthropometry; Brazil; Colostomy; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Diet Therapy; Female; Humans; Ileostomy; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 29847308
DOI: No ID Found